Antibiotic Sensitivity and Plasmid Profiles of Escherichia coli Isolated from Pediatric Diarrhea.

Background: The emergence of drug resistance among diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the pediatric population is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries.

Material And Methods: Isolation and identification of E.

Validity of a surveillance system for childhood injuries in a rural block of tamilnadu.

Background: Childhood injuries are increasingly getting the attention of public health experts following WHO's report on global burden of diseases. Surveillance is an important component of control of any disease and effectiveness of the surveillance system depends upon completeness of the information about occurrence of the health related events to the public health authorities.

Aims: This study aimed to set up a surveillance system for childhood injuries and validate it by a survey and thereafter estimate the incidence of childhood injuries using capture recapture method.

A reverse flow cross finger pedicle skin flap from hemidorsum of finger.

A reverse-flow cross-finger pedicle skin flap raised from the hemidorsum has been used, which is a modification of the distally based dorsal cross-finger flap. The flap is raised from the hemidorsum at a plane above the paratenon, the distal-most location of the base being at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint. Thirty-two flaps were used from as many fingers of as many patients.

Lupus vulgaris and tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (TBVC)--a clinical, pathological and epidemiological study of 71 cases.

Background: The epidemiological aspects and diagnostic problems encountered in a rural set up are largely unknown. The present study on cutaneous tuberculosis encompassing clinical, pathological and epidemiological aspects was undertaken at Rajah Muthiah Medical college and Hospital (RMMC&H), a teaching hospital mainly catering to the health needs of a predominantly rural population from villages and hamlets around Chidambaram, a taluq headquarters, located in Cuddalore district ofTamil Nadu.

Material And Methods: During the period of study, 5744 cases (82%) of pulmonary tuberculosis and 1261 (18%) of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis were encountered.

An unusual association of gastroduodenal phytobezoar and malrotation of the midgut.

This report describes, for the fi rst time, the association of phytobezoar and malrotation of midgut in an 18-month-old male child. He recovered after Ladd's operation, enterotomy removal of the bezoar and tapering duodenoplasty. Nowadays gastroduodenal phytobezoars are increasingly treated by non-surgical methods such as endoscopic disintegration or enzymatic dissolution.

Antifungal Activity of Plant Extracts against Candida Species from Oral Lesions.

Seventy five patients with oral lesions attending the different departments of Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University were screened for Candida. Forty six (61.3%) Candida strains were isolated from the oral lesions.

A modification of Winter's shunt in the treatment of pediatric low-flow priapism.

Purpose: Cavernous shunt operations available for treating priapism are frequently unsuitable for children owing to high chances of persistent venous leak that results in postoperative erectile dysfunction. In this article, a modification of Winter's shunt, which is suitable for treating low-flow priapism in children, is described.

Methods And Patients: Using a large bore needle, multiple punctures were made in the tip of corpora cavernosa through the glans.

Fine needle aspiration cytology in leprosy.

Background: Laboratory diagnosis of leprosy by slit skin smear and skin biopsy is simple but both techniques have their own limitations. Slit skin smear is negative in paucibacillary cases whereas skin biopsy is an invasive technique. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from skin lesions in leprosy with subsequent staining with May-Grunwald-Giemsa (MGG) stain has been found useful.

Reconstruction of traumatically avulsed parotid duct using buccal mucosa flap: report of a new technique.

Injury to parotid duct is frequently overlooked especially in multiple injuries settings. Consequently they are rarely reported in the literature. Treatment of these injuries is highly controversial.

Role for the urinary bladder in pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome in Wistar rats.

Introduction: Perfusion of rat urinary bladder with uric acid (UA) or 1-methyl uric acid (1-MUA) solution was reported to produce features of metabolic syndrome, viz. hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and hypercholesterolaemia. The present study was carried out to confirm that UA or 1-MUA in the bladder can produce insulin resistance, and to demonstrate that an unknown humoral factor from the bladder is possibly involved in producing features of metabolic syndrome.

Prevalence of dental fluorosis among primary school children in rural areas of chidambaram taluk, cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, India.

Background: Fluorosis is one of the common but major emerging areas of research in the tropics. It is considered endemic in 17 states of India. However, the Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu is categorised as a fluorosis non-endemic area.

Leptospirosis: clinical presentation and correlation with serovars.

A total of 2400 patients with pyrexia of unknown origin and or suspected leptospirosis were included in this study. Dark field microscopy detected Leptospira in 690 cases, Leptospira serological Investigations proved positive in 570 out of these 690 patients. Among them 212 had the classical icteric and the other 358 had anicteric type of presentation.

Paraphimosis revisited: is chronic paraphimosis a predominantly third world condition?

Paraphimosis is an acute condition characterized by all the signs of inflammation. Here we describe a 'chronic' variant of paraphimosis where patients often present many days after the initial injury. The aim of this study is to identify and possibly classify this new variation of paraphimosis - the chronic condition.

Universal acquired melanosis (Carbon baby).

We report a 3-year-old girl born with fair complexion which became darker. The color change was insidious in onset at the age of 5 months, asymptomatic and progressive involving the entire body surface. Histopathology revealed increased pigmentation of the epidermal basal layer.

Malignant melanoma - cutaneous metastases.

Melanoma composed of melanocytes may arise in the skin or other tissues harboring melanocytes, such muco-cutaneous junctions, mucosa including the conjunctiva, iris, choroids and substantia nigra.1 Metastases to the skin and subcutaneous tissues from a malignant melanoma are less common. A case of multiple painless nodules on the body that revealed metastatic deposits of melanoma on histopathological examination is being reported.

Stabler's sign revisited in a spontaneously ruptured neuroblastoma of the newborn.

Retroperitoneal hemorrhage is known to cause bruising of flanks (Turner's sign), umbilicus (Cullen's sign), pubis and groin (Stabler's sign), upper thigh (Fox's sign), or scrotum (Bryant's sign). Spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage is the most common cause of nontraumatic parietal ecchymosis sign in neonates. Only 20 such neonatal cases have been reported in the literature.

Use of an aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula as an anticaries agent: a clinical study.

Plant-derived medicines have been a part of our traditional health care system, and the antimicrobial properties of plant-derived compounds are well documented. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of an aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula (a medicinal plant) on salivary samples and its potential for use as an anticaries agent in the form of mouthwash. A concentrated aqueous extract was prepared from the fruit of T.

Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (TBVC)--foot with miliary tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis Verrucosa Cutis (TBVC) or warty tuberculosis is a variant of cutaneous tuberculosis in patients with good cell mediated immunity (CMI) to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, while Miliary Tuberculosis is associated with very poor CMI. Two widely different clinical presentations in the same patient are very rare and being reported.

Releasing of zipper-entrapped foreskin: a novel nonsurgical technique.

This report describes a novel technique of releasing the zipper-entrapped penile skin. The thin blade of a small screwdriver is inserted between the outer and inner faceplates of the zip fastener, and twisting movement is made toward the median bar. This will widen the gap between faceplates disengaging the prepuce.

Disseminated cutaneous rhinosporidiosis in a HIV sero--positive patient.

Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic disease, classically involving the nose and nasopharynx, clinically presenting as polypii. However,disseminated rhinosporidiosis, involving various other sites including lips, conjunctiva, uvula, vagina, larynx. trachea.

A study of dapsone syndrome at a rural teaching hospital in South India.

Dapsone syndrome or sulphone syndrome was noticed within four to six weeks of starting treatment in 10 out of 604 patients (1.6%) on MDT for leprosy treated at Rajah Muthiah Medical College Hospital, South Arcot District, Tamil Nadu State during the period 1995-1998. Patients developed either maculo papular rash or exfoliation along with fever and lymphadenopathy.

Effect of Azadirachta indica (neem) on the growth pattern of dermatophytes.

Purpose: To determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for the extracts of the leaves and seeds of the plant Azadirachta indica against various dermatophytes.

Methods: Clinical isolates of dermatophytes(Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum nanum) were treated with extracts of leaves and seeds of the plant Azadirachta indica (neem) for antifungal activity by in vitro tube dilution technique.

Results: The MIC of neem seed extracts was 31 microg/mL for all the dermatophytes tested.

Bacteriology of diabetic foot lesions.

Clinical grading and bacteriological study of 107 patients with diabetic foot lesions revealed polymicrobial aetiology in 69 (64.4%) and single aetiology in 21 (19.6%).