Neonatal outcomes in offspring of mothers with pregestational diabetes: a hospital-based multicentre prospective cohort study protocol.

Introduction: Pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) occurs when a woman becomes pregnant after having diabetes mellitus. The presence of diabetes during the entire pregnancy can have an adverse impact on fetal and neonatal outcomes. The objective of this study is to examine the association between PGDM and neonatal outcomes at birth.

Impact of thrombocytopenia on failure of endoscopic variceal treatment in cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding.

Background: Acute variceal bleeding (AVB), a life-threatening complication of liver cirrhosis, can be effectively treated by endoscopy, but there is a risk of early rebleeding after endoscopic variceal treatment (EVT). Thrombocytopenia is the most common hemostatic abnormality in liver cirrhosis. However, it is still unclear about whether thrombocytopenia increases the failure of EVT in cirrhotic patients with AVB.

The Intricate Interplay: Microbial Metabolites and the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the depletion of dopaminergic neurons. Recent studies highlight the gut-liver-brain (GLB) axis and its role in PD pathogenesis. The GLB axis forms a dynamic network facilitating bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and central nervous system.

Geo-spatial analysis of acute ischemic stroke reperfusion treatment in India: An assessment of distribution and access to centers.

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of global mortality and disability, with a disproportionately high burden in low- and middle-income countries. Access to intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular treatment (EVT) remains extremely limited.

Aims: We evaluated the spatial distribution and geographic accessibility of stroke centers in India.

Commonly encountered symptoms and their management in patients with cirrhosis.

This exhaustive review, explored the multifaceted symptoms and their management in patients with cirrhosis. Patients frequently endure pain, muscle cramps, sleep disturbances, psychological distress, and gastrointestinal issues, significantly impairing their quality of life. Pain is prevalent, often requiring analgesics, while muscle cramps affect up to 68% of patients, treated with supplements like zinc and taurine despite limited evidence.

Clip and Blue-An Easy and Cost-Effective Prechemotherapy Localization Technique in Patients With Breast Cancer Planned for Breast Conservation.

Purpose: Breast conservation after systemic therapy requires accurate localization of the lesion and its margins, especially in nonpalpable tumors. The present study aims to describe a cost-effective technique of tumor localization using the combination of surgical clips and methylene blue.

Methods: A minimum of three or four clips were inserted into the tumor to allow easy visualization of the clip mass.

Non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis/idiopathic portal hypertension: APASL recommendations for diagnosis and management.

Since the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) published guidelines on non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis/idiopathic portal hypertension in 2007, there has been a surge in new information, especially with the introduction of the term porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder (PSVD). Non-cirrhotic intra-hepatic causes of portal hypertension include disorders with a clearly identifiable etiology, such as schistosomiasis, as well as disorders with an unclear etiology such as non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF), also termed idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH). This entity is being increasingly recognized as being associated with systemic disease and drug therapy, especially cancer therapy.

A comprehensive review of diagnosis and management of alcohol-associated hepatitis.

Alcohol-associated hepatitis is an extreme form of alcohol-related liver disease associated with high short-term mortality. Currently, there are no authorized therapies for the treatment of severe alcohol-associated hepatitis. Important diagnostic steps for alcohol-associated hepatitis include recognizing the presence of an alcohol use disorder, distinguishing alcohol-related liver disease from metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, ruling out alternative causes of acute hepatitis, confirming the diagnosis with validated criteria or a liver biopsy, and using the model for end-stage liver disease score to predict clinical outcome and initiate therapy.

The Genomic Landscape of Wilson Disease in a Pan India Disease Cohort and Population-Scale Data.

Background: Wilson's disease (WD) results from pathogenic ATP7B gene variations, causing copper accumulation mainly in the liver, brain, and kidneys.

Objectives: In India, despite studies on ATP7B variants, WD often goes undiagnosed, with the prevalence, carrier rate, and mutation spectrum remaining unknown.

Methods: A multicenter study examined genetic variations in WD among individuals of Indian origin via whole exome sequencing.

Clinical outcomes and associated bacterial and fungal microbiota changes after high dose probiotic therapy for severe alcohol-associated hepatitis: An observational study.

Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is a critical condition with high mortality rates and is worsened by infections. Organ failure is strongly associated with intestinal dysbiosis. Emerging research suggests that gut microbiota modulation with probiotics can improve AH outcomes.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia in India.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, our findings highlight changes in AML management strategies in India. There was a decrease in overall patient registrations, particularly at large referral centers, while smaller centers saw an increase, reflecting a shift towards more localized care. This shift was accompanied by a rise in the use of hypomethylating agents (HMAs).

Impact of peptic ulcer bleeding on the in-hospital outcomes of cirrhotic patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding: an international multicenter study.

Objectives: Peptic ulcer is the most common source of non-variceal bleeding. However, it remains controversial whether the outcomes of cirrhotic patients with peptic ulcer bleeding differ from those with variceal bleeding.

Methods: Cirrhotic patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (AGIB) who underwent endoscopy and had an identifiable source of bleeding were retrospectively screened from an international multicenter cohort.

Fourteen-Year Follow-Up of a Patient With a Hydroxyapatite Ceramic Matrix Reconstruction of and a Bone Graft for a Critical-Size Cortical Bone Defect: A Case Report.

A 42-year-old man diagnosed with chondrosarcoma of the proximal femur underwent limb salvage by compartmental excision of the lesion and reconstruction with a custom-made hip prosthesis. The critical-size defect in the proximal femur was reconstructed with ceramic hemicylinders that were tied in place with sutures and augmented with two fibular strut grafts and an autologous cancellous iliac crest bone graft. A fourteen-year follow-up of the same case revealed that substituted ceramic matrices can be converted into dynamic, metabolically active, living bone.

Treatment challenges and outcomes of older patients with acute myeloid leukemia from India.

Globally, overall survival (OS) of older patients with AML continues to be suboptimal with very little data from India. In a multicenter registry analysis, we evaluated 712 patients with AML older than 55 years. Only 323 (45.

Retrospective Analysis of Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Infection: A Single-Center Study From Kerala.

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. While primarily a respiratory illness, COVID-19 can lead to multi-organ involvement, including acute kidney injury (AKI). This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of AKI in COVID-19 patients.

A Short Review on Obeticholic Acid: An Effective Modulator of Farnesoid X Receptor.

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) was identified as an orphan nuclear receptor resembling the steroid receptor in the late '90s. Activation of FXR is a crucial step in many physiological functions of the liver. A vital role of FXR is impacting the amount of bile acids in the hepatocytes, which it performs by reducing bile acid synthesis, stimulating the bile salt export pump, and inhibiting its enterohepatic circulation, thus protecting the hepatocytes against the toxic accumulation of bile acids.

A comprehensive review on the hepatotoxicity of herbs used in the Indian (Ayush) systems of alternative medicine.

Complementary and alternative medicine-related liver injuries are increasing globally. Alternative medicine, as an inclusive healthcare practice, is widely accepted in developing and underdeveloped countries. In this context, the traditional systems of medicine in India have been at the forefront, catering to the preventive and therapeutic spectrum in the absence of conclusive evidence for benefits and lack of data on safety.