Prevalence and trends in the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A among children in a pediatric tertiary care hospital in South India over a period of ten years: a retrospective study.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and trends in the antimicrobial resistance of typhoidal salmonellae in children and adolescents at a pediatric tertiary care hospital in South India. Typhoidal salmonellae were isolated from 483 of the 77,713 blood cultures received during the ten-year study period (2007-2016). Isolates were speciated by conventional biochemical reactions and serotyping.

Clinical and Mutational Characterizations of Ten Indian Patients with Beta-Ketothiolase Deficiency.

Beta-ketothiolase deficiency (mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) deficiency) is an inherited disease of isoleucine catabolism and ketone body utilization caused by ACAT1 mutations. We identified ten Indian patients who manifested with ketoacidotic episodes of variable severity. The patients showed increased urinary excretion of isoleucine-catabolic intermediates: 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate, 2-methylacetoacetate, and tiglylglycine.

Clinical profile and outcome of refractory convulsive status epilepticus in older children from a developing country.

Purpose: The current study evaluates the etiology, clinical course and outcome of refractory convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) in older children.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of data of 73 children with CSE, aged ≥2 and ≤12 years was performed. Odds ratios were calculated between variables for clinical course and outcome.

Clinical and Microbiology Profile and Outcome of Diarrhea by Coccidian Parasites in Immunocompetent Children.

Background: Several studies have reported prevalence of pediatric coccidian parasitic diarrhea, but there is little information about their clinical profile, management and outcome. This study reviews the clinical profile and treatment outcome of coccidian parasitic diarrhea in immunocompetent children.

Methods: Five thousand one hundred and twenty-three immunocompetent children younger than 15 years of age presenting with acute diarrhea to a tertiary care pediatric hospital during a period of 4 years (2009-2012) were included in the study.

Consensus guidelines on management of childhood convulsive status epilepticus.

Justification: Status epilepticus has a wide etiological spectrum, and significant morbidity and mortality. Management using a pre-determined uniform protocol leads to better outcomes. Multiple protocols for management of childhood status epilepticus are available, without much consensus.

Profile of prothrombotic factors in Indian children with ischemic stroke.

This study was undertaken in view of paucity of data regarding the profile of prothrombotic factors in children with ischemic stroke. Sixty-four children with ischemic stroke were prospectively evaluated for prothrombotic factors over a 2 year period. The blood samples were analyzed for protein C (PC), protein S (PS), activated protein C resistance (APCR), factor V Leiden (FVL), anti-thrombin-III (AT-III), lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], lupus anticoagulant (LA), anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCL) immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG, homocysteine, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) at least 3 months after the onset of stroke.

Mineralizing angiopathy with infantile basal ganglia stroke after minor trauma.

Aims: The objective of this study was to describe a cohort of infants with basal ganglia stroke associated with mineralization in the lenticulostriate arteries and their clinical outcomes.

Method: Subcortical strokes occurring in infants during the study period were categorized as arterial ischaemic, venous, or haemorrhagic. A cohort of infants with basal ganglia infarcts and associated mineralization of lenticulostriate arteries were identified.

Metabolic encephalopathy in beta-ketothiolase deficiency: the first report from India.

Beta-ketothiolase deficiency, or mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) deficiency, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder affecting isoleucine catabolism and ketone body metabolism. A patient from South India presented with acute ketoacidosis at 11 months of age. During the acute crisis the C5OH (2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl) carnitine and C5:1 (tiglyl) carnitine were elevated and large amounts of 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate, tiglylglycine, and 2-methylacetoacetate were excreted.