Red blood cell transfusion and the use of intravenous iron in iron-deficient patients presenting to the emergency department.

Background And Aims: Red blood cell transfusions are often used to treat iron-deficient patients in the emergency department (ED), while treatment with intravenous (IV) iron is preferred, as it increases hemoglobin concentration rapidly and durably. We aim to evaluate the incidence of iron deficiency anemia, frequency of blood transfusion and iron supplementation, and factors associated with blood transfusion in the ED.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients presenting to the St.

Sex-Specific Differences in the Pathophysiology of Hypertension.

Hypertension is one of the most common comorbidities in cardiometabolic diseases, affecting nearly one third of adults. As a result, its pathophysiological mechanisms have been studied extensively and are focused around pressure natriuresis, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), the sympathetic nervous system, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, hypertension secondary to other underlying etiologies also exists.

Neuroendocrine Transformation as a Mechanism of Resistance to Targeted Lung Cancer Therapies: Emerging Mechanisms and Their Therapeutic Implications.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, highlighting a major clinical challenge. Lung cancer is broadly classified into two histologically distinct subtypes, termed small cell lung cancer (SCLC) or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Identification of various oncogenic drivers of NSCLC has facilitated the development of targeted therapies that have dramatically improved patient outcomes.

A scoping review of postoperative surveillance strategies for localized, low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms.

Introduction: There is a paucity of data to support surveillance protocols for localized, low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMNs) after resection.

Methods: A search strategy was developed to identify postoperative surveillance strategies for LAMNs, in the context of rates of recurrence and disease-free survival, and applied to four literature databases. Resultant citations were subject to screening in duplicate, in three stages: title, abstract, and full-text.

Symptoms in Persons With Either Active or Inactive Crohn's Disease Are Agnostic to Disease Phenotype: The Magic in Imagine Study.

Background: We aimed to examine the relationship between disease symptoms and disease phenotype in a large Canadian cohort of persons with Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods: Adults (n=1515) with CD from 14 Canadian centers participated in the Mind And Gut Interactions Cohort (MAGIC) between 2018 and 2023. Disease activity was measured using the 24-item IBD Symptom Inventory-Short-Form (IBDSI-SF).

Impact of practice changes on catheter-related exit-site and bloodstream infection rates in a Canadian hemodialysis center: A retrospective study.

Background: Hemodialysis vascular access predisposes patients to exit-site infections (ESIs) and bloodstream infections (BSIs), resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. The objective was to characterize hemodialysis catheter-related (CR) ESIs and BSIs while considering potential factors associated with infection.

Methods: The study period was selected to coincide with new CR-infection prevention measures at the midpoint.

Socioeconomic and Health-Related Characteristics Associated with Initiation and Completion of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination among Males in the United States: An In-Depth Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among males is poorly understood. We systematically reviewed individual socioeconomic/health-related characteristics associated with HPV vaccine initiation and vaccination series completion among males in the United States. We searched for literature up to August 1, 2023, and pooled appropriate multivariable-adjusted results using an inverse variance random effects model, with results expressed as odds ratios.

Targeting LMO2-induced autocrine FLT3 signaling to overcome chemoresistance in early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Early T-cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ETP-ALL) is an immature subtype of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) commonly show deregulation of the LMO2-LYL1 stem cell transcription factors, activating mutations of cytokine receptor signaling, and poor early response to intensive chemotherapy. Previously, studies of the Lmo2 transgenic mouse model of ETP-ALL identified a population of stem-like T-cell progenitors with long-term self-renewal capacity and intrinsic chemotherapy resistance linked to cellular quiescence. Here, analyses of Lmo2 transgenic mice, patient-derived xenografts, and single-cell RNA-sequencing data from primary ETP-ALL identified a rare subpopulation of leukemic stem cells expressing high levels of the cytokine receptor FLT3.

Network Analyses to Explore Comorbidities Among Older Adults Living With Dementia.

Background: Older persons living with dementia (PLWD) often have multiple other chronic health conditions (i.e., comorbidities).

Peripartum Mental Illness in Mothers With Multiple Sclerosis and Other Chronic Diseases in Ontario, Canada.

Background And Objectives: Peripartum mood and anxiety disorders constitute the most frequent form of maternal morbidity in the general population, but little is known about peripartum mental illness in mothers with multiple sclerosis (MS). We compared the incidence and prevalence of peripartum mental illness among mothers with MS, epilepsy, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diabetes and women without these conditions.

Methods: Using linked population-based administrative health data from ON, Canada, we conducted a cohort study of mothers with MS, epilepsy, IBD, and diabetes and without these diseases (comparators) who had a live birth with index dates, defined as 1 year before conception, between 2002 and 2017.

Child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for child and adolescent mental health.

As societies worldwide addressed the numerous challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, a troubling concern emerged-the possible rise of child maltreatment, which is a pernicious risk factor for child and adolescent mental health difficulties. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how the many changes and challenges associated with the pandemic influenced worldwide occurrences of child maltreatment and, subsequently, the mental health of children and adolescents. First, we present the well-established evidence regarding the impact of child maltreatment on the mental health of children and adolescents both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Reimagining apnea monitoring in the neonatal ICU.

Purpose Of Review: This review outlines the prevalence and complications of apneas and intermittent hypoxemic events in preterm infants, examines current monitoring limitations in neonatal ICUs (NICUs), and explores emerging technologies addressing these challenges.

Recent Findings: New evidence from the Prematurity-Related Ventilatory Control (Pre-Vent) study, which analyzed cardiorespiratory data from 717 extremely preterm infants, exposes the varying frequency, duration, and severity of apneas, intermittent hypoxemia, bradycardias, and periodic breathing during hospitalization, and highlights the negative impact of intermittent hypoxemia on pulmonary outcomes at discharge. Although traditional monitoring methods cannot differentiate between apnea types and quantify their burden, recent advancements in sensor technologies and data integration hold promise for improving real-time detection and evaluation of apneas in the NICU.

Higher cardiorespiratory fitness levels attenuate but do not negate the heightened risk of sudden cardiac death due to obesity: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Higher levels of CRF have been demonstrated to attenuate or negate the adverse cardiovascular impacts of other risk factors. We aimed to assess the interplay between body mass index (BMI), CRF and sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk.

Methods: Body mass index was calculated based on guideline recommendations and CRF assessed using a respiratory gas exchange analyzer during clinical exercise testing at baseline in 2308 men aged 42-61 years of age.

Association of Fontan Pathophysiology With Plasma Bile Acids.

Background: Patients with Fontan circulation are frail and experience multisystem dysfunction including impaired exercise capacity, low resting and exercise-augmented cardiac output, and progressive liver fibrosis. However, common underlying biochemical abnormalities or disease-specific biomarkers have not been well-described.

Objectives: We wish to investigate Fontan and their matched healthy subjects using a nontargeted, followed by targeted metabolomic analysis.

Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: Vascular cognitive impairment, 7th edition practice guidelines update, 2024.

The Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations (CSPR) 7th edition includes this new module on the diagnosis and management of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) with or without neurodegenerative disease. An expert writing group and people with VCI lived experience (PWLE) reviewed current evidence. Existing recommendations were reviewed and revised, and new recommendations added.

Dietary flaxseed: Cardiometabolic benefits and its role in promoting healthy aging.

Flaxseed, a rich source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), lignans, and soluble fiber, has attracted attention for its potential to improve multiple cardiometabolic risk factors. While its benefits are well-recognized, comprehensive evaluations of its direct impact on clinical outcomes, such as the prevention or progression of cardiometabolic diseases, remain limited. Additionally, its potential to support healthy aging and longevity through fundamental biological mechanisms has not been fully elucidated.

Neuropsychiatric symptoms and neuroimaging-based brain age in mild cognitive impairment and early dementia: A multicenter study.

Aim: Despite the clinical importance and significant social burden of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia, the underlying neurobiological mechanism remains poorly understood. Recently, neuroimaging-derived brain-age estimation by machine-learning analysis has shown promise as an individual-level biomarker. We investigated the relationship between NPS and brain-age in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early dementia.

Basic Epigenetic Mechanisms.

The human genome consists of 23 chromosome pairs (22 autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes), with 46 chromosomes in a normal cell. In the interphase nucleus, the 2 m long nuclear DNA is assembled with proteins forming chromatin. The typical mammalian cell nucleus has a diameter between 5 and 15 μm in which the DNA is packaged into an assortment of chromatin assemblies.

Macrolide resistance due to (55).

Unlabelled: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat. The identification and characterization of novel resistance genes is integral to AMR surveillance. The (55) gene was originally identified through whole genome sequencing of macrolide-resistant strains of .

The association between the COVID-19 pandemic and interpersonal relationships among youth with a child maltreatment history.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic had significant impacts on youth health and well-being. Youth with prior inequities, such as those exposed to child maltreatment, may have experienced greater psychosocial challenges and long-term difficulties than their peers, including sustained interpersonal relationships problems. Given the importance of healthy relationships during adolescence and early adulthood, the significant impact the pandemic had on youth, and the potential disproportionate challenges for youth with a child maltreatment history, the purpose of the present study was to better understand changes in relational conflict among youth with and without a child maltreatment history from the perspectives of youth themselves.

Exploring surgeon behavioural factors impacting the quality of care: protocol for a scoping review.

Introduction: Modern surgery incorporates many aspects of care, including preoperative workup, surgical management and multidisciplinary collaboration to achieve favourable outcomes and high patient satisfaction. Current literature identifies variability in surgical practice and quality of care. The objective of this study is to fill the gap in the literature by identifying modifiable surgeon behavioural factors influencing the quality of care and to identify interventions and policies that modify these factors.