MRI free water as a biomarker for cognitive performance: Validation in the MarkVCID consortium.

Introduction: To evaluate the clinical validity of free water (FW), a diffusion tensor imaging-based biomarker kit proposed by the MarkVCID consortium, by investigating the association between mean FW (mFW) and executive function.

Methods: Baseline mFW was related to a baseline composite measure of executive function (EFC), adjusting for relevant covariates, in three MarkVCID sub-cohorts, and replicated in five, large, independent legacy cohorts. In addition, we tested whether baseline mFW predicted accelerated EFC score decline (mean follow-up time: 1.

Instrumental validation of free water, peak-width of skeletonized mean diffusivity, and white matter hyperintensities: MarkVCID neuroimaging kits.

Introduction: To describe the protocol and findings of the instrumental validation of three imaging-based biomarker kits selected by the MarkVCID consortium: free water (FW) and peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD), both derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume derived from fluid attenuation inversion recovery and T1-weighted imaging.

Methods: The instrumental validation of imaging-based biomarker kits included inter-rater reliability among participating sites, test-retest repeatability, and inter-scanner reproducibility across three types of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC).

Results: The three biomarkers demonstrated excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC >0.

Tau PET following acute TBI: Off-target binding to blood products, tauopathy, or both?

Repeated mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a risk factor for Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), characterized pathologically by neurofibrillary tau deposition in the depths of brain sulci and surrounding blood vessels. The mechanism by which TBI leads to CTE remains unknown but has been posited to relate to axonal shear injury leading to release and possibly deposition of tau at the time of injury. As part of an IRB-approved study designed to learn how processes occurring acutely after TBI may predict later proteinopathy and neurodegeneration, we performed tau PET using 18F-MK6240 and MRI within 14 days of complicated mild TBI in three subjects.

Design, implementation, and pitfalls of TMIST.

The early detection of breast cancer has been shown to reduce deaths through randomized, controlled trials. Numerous observational studies, failure analyses, and "incidence of death" studies have confirmed that screening reduces deaths in the general population. Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) which collects mammographic images from different angles and uses them to synthesize planes through the breast is simply another advance in mammography among others that have been made over the years.

sFLT01 modulates invasion and metastasis in prostate cancer DU145 cells by inhibition of VEGF/GRP78/MMP2&9 axis.

Background: About 90% of cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis of cancer cells, and angiogenesis is a critical step in this process. sFLT01 is a novel fusion protein and a dual-targeting agent that neutralizes both VEGF and PlGF proangiogenic activities. GRP78 dual effect in tumor growth and angiogenesis could be activated under VEGF stimulation.

The Alzheimer's Biomarker Consortium-Down Syndrome: Rationale and methodology.

Introduction: Adults with Down syndrome (DS) are at exceptionally high risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with virtually all individuals developing key neuropathological features by age 40. Identifying biomarkers of AD progression in DS can provide valuable insights into pathogenesis and suggest targets for disease modifying treatments.

Methods: We describe the development of a multi-center, longitudinal study of biomarkers of AD in DS.

Follow-up Recommendation Rates Associated With Spectral Detector Dual-Energy CT of the Abdomen and Pelvis: A Retrospective Comparison to Single-Energy CT.

Background: Dual-energy CT image sets have many applications in abdominopelvic imaging but no demonstrated clinical effect.

Purpose: To determine the effect of dual-energy CT iodine maps on abdominopelvic imaging follow-up recommendation rates.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study of abdominopelvic CTs acquired from April 2017 through June 2018.

Breast cancer screening: Where have we been and where are we going? A personal perspective based on history, data and experience.

It is important to understand the history of breast cancer screening to better understand the continuing effort to reduce access to screening. Since the randomized, controlled trials have shown a statistically significant mortality reduction for women ages 40-74, the appropriate threshold for initiating screening is age 40 with no data to support the use of the age of 50 as a threshold for screening. All women are at risk for developing breast cancer and all women should have access to screening.

Breast cancer screening: Where have we been and where are we going? A personal perspective based on history, data and experience.

It is important to understand the history of breast cancer screening to better understand the continuing effort to reduce access to screening. Since the randomized, controlled trials have shown a statistically significant mortality reduction for women ages 40-74, the appropriate threshold for initiating screening is age 40 with no data to support the use of the age of 50 as a threshold for screening. All women are at risk for developing breast cancer and all women should have access to screening.

Macrocycle-Based Hydroxamate Ligands for Complexation and Immunoconjugation of Zirconium for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging.

Four novel chelators (-) and their zirconium complexes were prepared and compared with the zirconium desferrioxamine B (DFO) complex. The new chelates are based on 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) and 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam) scaffolds and present either three or four hydroxamate arms for coordination with Zr ions with coordination numbers between six and eight. The 89Zr- complex showed similar stability to that of Zr-DFO when incubated in either rat blood plasma or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid challenge experiments.

Revenue Potential for Inpatient IR Consultation Services: A Financial Model.

Purpose: Interventional radiology (IR) has historically failed to fully capture the value of evaluation and management services in the inpatient setting. Understanding financial benefits of a formally incorporated billing discipline may yield meaningful insights for interventional practices.

Materials And Methods: A revenue modeling tool was created deploying standard financial modeling techniques, including sensitivity and scenario analyses.

Simulation model for transcervical laryngeal injection providing real-time feedback.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a model for teaching transcervical laryngeal injections.

Methods: A 3-dimensional printer was used to create a laryngotracheal framework based on de-identified computed tomography images of a human larynx. The arytenoid cartilages and intrinsic laryngeal musculature were created in silicone from clay casts and thermoplastic molds.

CT coronary angiography: 256-slice and 320-detector row scanners.

Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has rapidly evolved from 4-detector row systems in 1998 to 256-slice and 320-detector row CT systems. With smaller detector element size and faster gantry rotation speed, spatial and temporal resolution of the 64-detector MDCT scanners have made coronary artery imaging a reliable clinical test. Wide-area coverage MDCT, such as the 256-slice and 320-detector row MDCT scanners, has enabled volumetric imaging of the entire heart free of stair-step artifacts at a single time point within one cardiac cycle.

Cortical activation elicited by unrecognized stimuli.

Background: It is unclear whether a stimulus that cannot be recognized consciously, could elicit a well-processed cognitive response.

Methods: We used functional imaging to examine the pattern of cortical activation elicited by unrecognized stimuli during memory processing. Subjects were given a recognition task using recognizable and non-recognizable subliminal stimuli.

Predicting aneuploidy in fetuses with cardiac anomalies: significance of visceral situs and noncardiac anomalies.

To determine whether the risk of aneuploidy in fetuses with cardiac anomalies is affected by abnormal visceral situs or coexisting noncardiac anomalies (NCA), were reviewed 125 cases in which a structural cardiac anomaly was detected by prenatal sonography. Forty-three of the 125 fetuses (34%) had an abnormal karyotype (31 autosomal trisomies, 12 other). None of the 13 fetuses with abnormal visceral situs had an abnormal karyotype, whereas an abnormal karyotype was present in 43 of 112 with normal visceral situs (P < 0.