Optical coherence tomography angiography findings in patients affected by giant cell arteritis, with and without ocular involvement: a pilot study.

Purpose: We evaluated the clinical features and retinal and disk perfusion characteristics by using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in a subset of giant cell arteritis (GCA) patients who manifested anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), in a subset of GCA patients without ocular involvement, and in a control group composed of healthy controls.

Methods: We performed an observational study on the eyes of GCA patients affected by arteritic AION both in acute and chronic phases, unaffected eyes of AION, eyes of GCA patients without ocular involvement, and in a control group of healthy eyes of healthy individuals. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination and an OCT and OCTA of the macula and the disk.

Clinical outcomes of radial optic neurotomy versus pars plana vitrectomy in recent onset non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.

Introduction: This study investigated the effect of pars plana vitrectomy (VIT) versus pars plana vitrectomy combined with radial optic neurotomy (RON) on recent onset non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).

Methods: In this prospective interventional case series, individuals with recent-onset NAION, lower than one month and low vision (lower than 20/200) were recruited. Patients randomly underwent either VIT, or RON.

The accessory brachioradialis muscle: prevalence of a rare variant with possible clinical implications.

Purpose: The brachioradialis muscle (BRM) belongs to the lateral group of forearm muscles and contributes to the elbow flexion. Accessory brachioradialis muscle (ABRM) or "brachioradialis accessorius" represents an uncommon BRM variant, not been enough studied. The present study investigates the prevalence of the ABRM, along with its origin, insertion, and innervation.

Intraneural Nodular Fasciitis of the Radial Nerve: A Case Report.

Case: We report a case of intraneural nodular fasciitis in the forearm initially suspected as a schwannoma, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis. A 40-year-old woman presented with mass on the lateral aspect of her right forearm and radial neuropathy symptoms for 2 months. An excisional biopsy and histopathological examination confirmed nodular fasciitis.

Radial and median nerves distal peripheral tension after reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a cadaveric study.

Background: Peripheral nerve injury is a recognized complication after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) that has mainly been studied at the level of the brachial plexus and its proximal branches. However, the impact of RSA on distal peripheral nerves and the influence of elbow and wrist position is not known. This cadaveric study aimed to analyze the effect of RSA implantation and upper limb position on tension in the distal median and radial nerves.

Posterolateral Locked Plate and Percutaneous Medial Screw Fixation for Distal Humerus Fractures in Elderly.

A high incidence of ulnar nerve-related complications has been reported in open reduction and internal fixation for distal humerus fractures (DHFs). To minimise ulnar nerve damage, we used a percutaneous medial screw combined with a posterolateral plate in the elderly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative complications and functional outcomes of this method.

Cross-Sectional Area and Echogenicity Reference Values for Sonography of Peripheral Nerves in the Lithuanian Population.

Objectives: We aimed to provide data of nerve sizes and echogenicity reference values of the Lithuanian population.

Methods: High-resolution ultrasound was bilaterally performed according to the Ultrasound Pattern Sum Score and Neuropathy ultrasound protocols for healthy Lithuanian adults. Cross-sectional area (CSA) measurement and echogenicity were used as the main parameters for investigation.

Prompt Identification and Intervention for Ischemic Monomelic Neuropathy in Preventing Major Patient Disability.

Ischemic monomelic neuropathy (IMN) is a rare complication of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and arteriovenous grafts (AVGs). Diagnosis of the condition is often delayed, with debilitating outcomes for patients. We present two cases of IMN in which prompt identification and intervention prevented major disability.

Central Tendon Tenotomy for Management of Extrinsic Extensor Tightness of the Hand: Surgical Technique and Case Reports.

Case: We present a 67-year-old woman with long finger extrinsic extensor tightness and a 56-year-old man with limited index finger flexion due to extrinsic extensor tightness secondary to tendon transfers for radial nerve palsy. Both patients underwent prior surgical procedures that led to limited range of motion (ROM). Subsequently, they elected for central tendon tenotomy (CTT), which demonstrated postoperative ROM improvement and satisfactory patient outcomes.

Ultrasound-Based Multi-Planar Bilateral Comparisons as a Diagnostic and Treatment-Definition Method for Unilateral Peripheral Nerve Entrapment.

Objective: The primary goal was to determine the performance of the cross-section area swelling rate (CSASR) for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes based on the reference standard of electrodiagnosis examination (EDX) in this diagnostic test study.

Methods: First, patients with symptoms like unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS), and radial nerve compression (RNC) underwent EDX and ultrasound examination. Second, patients with positive ultrasound were calculated for the CSASR of diseased nerve.

An interesting cause of wrist drop: The crow position in yoga and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies.

Hereditary neuropathy with liability pressure palsies (HNPP) is usually caused by compression and is an episodic, painless, recurrent hereditary neuropathy with focal motor and sensory involvement. It begins in adolescence and young adulthood. The most commonly affected nerves in HNPP are the ulnar, peroneal, radial, and median nerves.

Assessment of subclinical LV myocardial dysfunction in T2DM patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study.

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most prevalent complication of diabetes, and has been demonstrated to be independently associated with cardiovascular events and mortality. This aim of this study was to investigate the subclinical left ventricular (LV) myocardial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with and without DPN.

Methods: One hundred and thirty T2DM patients without DPN, 61 patients with DPN and 65 age and sex-matched controls who underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging were included, all subjects had no symptoms of heart failure and LV ejection fraction ≥ 50%.

A Small Number of Surgeons Perform the Large Majority of Uncommon Nerve Decompression Procedures.

Background: Notable surgeon-to-surgeon variation in rates of uncommon surgery can reflect appropriate concentration of expertise with technically difficult or risky procedures that address problematic impairment due to objective pathophysiology. Examples include vascularized tissue transfer or transplantation to address complex tissue loss and release of bony elbow ankylosis. Perhaps more problematic is notable variation in straightforward, discretionary surgeries intended to alleviate pain, offered in the absence of objectively measurable pathophysiology, and without experimental evidence of benefit over placebo and other nonspecific effects.

Normative Data and Quantile Regression Analysis of the Sural-to-Radial Nerve Amplitude Ratio.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to establish normative data for the sural-to-radial nerve amplitude ratio (SRAR) and develop a quantile regression model for individualized cutoff values.

Methods: A cohort of 68 healthy individuals (36 female participants) aged 20 to 59 years was recruited. Sensory nerve conduction studies were conducted to measure sural and radial sensory nerve action potential amplitudes.

Rare Variant of the Radial Artery Causing Compression of the Superficial Radial Nerve: A Case Report.

Case: This case report describes a patient with paresthesia in the distribution of the superficial sensory branch of the radial nerve that was treated with surgery. Intraoperatively, there was a unique cause of internal compression by a rare superficial radial artery variant running adjacent to it. The nerve was mobilized from the artery with fascial releases.

Superficial thrombophlebitis in the forearm leading to entrapment of the radial nerve branch: a first case report and literature review.

This article reports a case of a female patient admitted with swelling and subcutaneous mass in the right forearm, initially suspected to be multiple nerve fibroma. However, through preoperative imaging and surgery, the final diagnosis confirmed superficial thrombophlebitis. This condition resulted in entrapment of the radial nerve branch, leading to noticeable nerve entrapment and radiating pain.

New-Onset Wrist Drop After a Night of Drinking: A Case Report.

This case report highlights the clinical approach to evaluating a patient with substance use disorder presenting with a sudden onset of peripheral neuropathy in the left hand. Our patient had significant cardiovascular risk factors, which further broadened the differential diagnosis beyond common causes of mononeuropathy. The use of detailed and appropriate clinical history, physical examination, and careful selection of relevant laboratory and radiological tests was instrumental in ruling out multiple medical differential diagnoses, including common mononeuropathies and life-threatening ones, such as cerebrovascular accidents, which facilitated the involvement of necessary consults while also treating both the presenting medical complication and underlying severe alcohol use disorder with additional efforts at relapse prevention.

Combat-related Wartenberg Syndrome Due to Penetrating Shrapnel Injury: A Case Report.

Wartenberg syndrome, also known as Cheiralgia paresthetica, is an uncommon neuropathy affecting the superficial branch of the radial nerve. Typically caused by external compression, it manifests as paresthesia or pain in the radial side of the hand. We present a case of Wartenberg syndrome resulting from combat shrapnel injury, illustrating an uncommon etiology.