Crystal orientation of epitaxial film deposited on silicon surface.

Direct growth of oxide film on silicon is usually prevented by extensive diffusion or chemical reaction between silicon (Si) and oxide materials. Thermodynamic stability of binary oxides is comprehensively investigated on Si substrates and shows possibility of chemical reaction of oxide materials on Si surface. However, the thermodynamic stability does not include any crystallographic factors, which is required for epitaxial growth.

Total Synthesis of Natural Products using Gold Catalysis.

Gold catalysis is an extremely enthusiastic field of investigation in the catalysis area. The development of alternative, highly inventive, precompetitive techniques based on gold catalysis has paved the way for executing a broad spectrum of chemical transformations from uncomplicated starting materials. The total synthesis of natural products is a complex and more complicated task.

Influence of Surfactant for Stabilization and Pipeline Transportation of Iron Ore Water Slurry: A Review.

Iron ore is generally transported using a traditional method that releases significant amounts of dust into the environment. In contrast, the pipeline transportation of slurry is noticeably a sustainable approach for efficiently transporting iron ore by reducing the environmental pollution. The interparticle interaction of the iron ore particles should be mutually repulsive for steady dispersion.