Priming sentence planning.

Sentence production requires mapping preverbal messages onto linguistic structures. Because sentences are normally built incrementally, the information encoded in a sentence-initial increment is critical for explaining how the mapping process starts and for predicting its timecourse. Two experiments tested whether and when speakers prioritize encoding of different types of information at the outset of formulation by comparing production of descriptions of transitive events (e.

Oscillatory dynamics and place field maps reflect hippocampal ensemble processing of sequence and place memory under NMDA receptor control.

Place coding in the hippocampus requires flexible combination of sensory inputs (e.g., environmental and self-motion information) with memory of past events.

Segmental distributions and consonant-vowel association patterns in Japanese infant- and adult-directed speech.

Japanese infant-directed speech (IDS) and adult-directed speech (ADS) were compared on their segmental distributions and consonant-vowel association patterns. Consistent with findings in other languages, a higher ratio of segments that are generally produced early was found in IDS compared to ADS: more labial consonants and low-central vowels, but fewer fricatives. Consonant-vowel associations also favored the early produced labial-central, coronal-front, coronal-central, and dorsal-back patterns.

[Training in addiction medicine].

The treatment of addiction is a skill. It not only requires the necessary specialist medical knowledge but a wide range of communication skills as well. Both facets are explicitly covered in the two-year postgraduate program on addiction medicine at Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

[Aging well in the 20th century: a psychosocial perspective].

Aging well refers to retaining or restoring well-being in the face of various age-related changes in later life. This process is influenced by the quality of social relationships and active adaptation to loss and change. According to recent studies from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, more older adults are maintaining relationships with friends, colleagues and other non-kin longer.

[The neuropsychology of cognitive functions in alcohol abstinence].

Background: There is a vast amount of scientific evidence for the negative effects of alcohol on the functioning of the whole human body and particularly of the brain. The literature, however, is unclear about whether these functions can fully recover and about how long the abstinence period must be before patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) can be reliably assessed for cognitive and emotional functioning.

Aim: To review current findings on the length of the abstinence period required before a reliable neuropsychological assessment of the cognitive and emotional functioning of AUD patients can be carried out.

Does Proximity Matter? Distance Dependence of Adolescent Friendships.

Geographic proximity is a determinant factor of friendship. Friendship datasets that include detailed geographic information are scarce, and when this information is available, the dependence of friendship on distance is often modelled by pre-specified parametric functions or derived from theory without further empirical assessment. This paper aims to give a detailed representation of the association between distance and the likelihood of friendship existence and friendship dynamics, and how this is modified by a few basic social and individual factors.

[The physician as teacher. Ways to measure the quality of medical training].

Ninety percent of medical students' training is comprised of working and learning in the clinical setting. Good training is the responsibility of the physicians who also work in that setting. It is important that these physicians are aware of what is expected of them in this role.

The Role of Maternal Depression on Treatment Outcome for Children with Externalizing Behavior Problems.

Studies have shown that, on average, Parent Management Training combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy decreases children's externalizing behavior, but some children do not improve through treatment. The current study aimed to examine the role of maternal depression in understanding this variability in treatment outcome. Children with externalizing behavioral problems and their parents were recruited from combined Parent Management Training and Cognitive-Behavioral programs in "real-world" clinical settings.

[A theoretical model for transcultural psychiatry].

Background: Patients of non-Western origin quite often fail to complete their course of treatment. The reasons are generally unclear. aim To suggest ways of tackling the problems in transcultural psychiatric practice.

[Caries in children and quality of life].

Caries is the most prevalent oral disease in children. The majority of caries in toddlers remains untreated, with toothaches as a consequence. Although toothache is an important determinant of the quality of life, prevalence data on toothaches hardly exist.

[Practice guideline 'Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) and somatoform disorders': a step in the right direction].

The Dutch multidisciplinary practice guideline 'Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) and somatoform disorders' provides information on non-specific somatoform complaints, hypochondriasis, conversion disorders and a limited number of specific functional syndromes. Much attention is given in the guideline to the role of doctor-patient communication and empathy in the treatment of patients with somatoform complaints. Two points may be criticised.

Clueless or powerful? Identifying subtypes of bullies in adolescence.

This study examined the heterogeneity of bullying among adolescents. It was hypothesized that bullying behavior serves different social functions and, depending on these functions, bullies will differ in their skills, status and social behavior. In a total sample of 806 8th graders, 120 adolescents (52 boys, 68 girls) were identified as bullies based on peer nominations.

[Nontuberculous mycobacteria: clinically relevant].

The nontuberculous or atypical mycobacteria (NTM) are a group of largely opportunistic pathogens, which are increasingly being detected in patients and being associated with clinical disease. Various host factors are responsible for this, such as the ageing population with the accompanying increase in the number of patients with chronic diseases, but NTM are also detected more often as a result of improvements in diagnostic laboratory techniques. The clinical relevance, i.

Social intelligence and academic achievement as predictors of adolescent popularity.

This study compared the effects of social intelligence and cognitive intelligence, as measured by academic achievement, on adolescent popularity in two school contexts. A distinction was made between sociometric popularity, a measure of acceptance, and perceived popularity, a measure of social dominance. Participants were 512, 14-15 year-old adolescents (56% girls, 44% boys) in vocational and college preparatory schools in Northwestern Europe.

Stress Domain Effects in French Phonology and Phonological Development.

In this paper, we discuss two distinct data sets. The first relates to the so-called allophonic process of closed-syllable laxing in Québec French, which targets final (stressed) vowels even though these vowels are arguably syllabified in open syllables in lexical representations. The second is found in the forms produced by a first language learner of European French, who displays an asymmetry in her production of CVC versus CVCV target (adult) forms.

[Psychosocial deprivation as a cause of growth retardation in children].

Patient A, a 3-year-old boy with short stature, in whom a partial growth hormone deficiency had been diagnosed, was treated with growth hormone. Further evaluation, however, showed that there was evidence of psychosocial deprivation as a result of an unstable family situation. After psychosocial circumstances improved, growth hormone therapy was discontinued, following which no further growth retardation was observed.

Association of criminal convictions between family members: effects of siblings, fathers and mothers.

Background: Crime runs in families. Previous research has shown the existence of intergenerational transmission of criminal behaviour.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which variation in criminal convictions may be explained by the criminality of siblings and by the intergenerational transmission of criminal behaviour.

[Transcultural psychiatry; developments in the past 25 years].

Until the 1970's the universality hypothesis was the leading theory in transcultural psychiatry. Kleinman argued in favour of a more anthropological approach. This was reflected in Appendix I of the DSM IV (Cultural Formulation).