A Study of Visual Functions Amongst Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients in Abuja, Nigeria.

Background: To objectively measure visual function amongst Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) patients and compare these with age and sex-matched controls by describing the characteristics of visual function in relation to the severity of POAG.

Methodology: A case-control study was carried out among 106 POAG patients and an equal number of age-sex matched controls attending Asokoro District Hospital, Abuja, and Eye Foundation Hospital Abuja from Nov 2012 to April 2013. The objective measures of visual function assessed include visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), colour vision (CV), and visual fields (MD) in the better eye (BE)].

A Case of Absence of Meibomian Glands in the Lower Eyelids of A Middle-Aged Female in Abuja, Nigeria.

The absence of the Meibomian gland is a rare cause of evaporative dry eye disease. A 45year old Lady, a known patient of our clinic whom we have been managing for allergic conjunctivitis for the past 5 years, started complaining of her eyes feeling dry and foreign body sensation 2 years ago. Her ocular surface disease index was 12.

A Case of Frequent Blinking and Abnormal Eyeball Movement Associated with Generalized Epilepsy.

Eyelid myoclonus is an idiopathic generalized epileptic syndrome that can occur with or without absence seizures. The features include frequent blinking, an upward roll of the eyeballs, and slight backward movement of the head. It can be spontaneous or stimulated by light.

A case of Subconjunctival Filariasis in Abuja,Nigeria.

The report presents a case of subconjunctival filariasis in a 20-year-old female student who schools in Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, a known loa loa endemic region in Nigeria, and resident in Abuja. The patient presented on the 20th of February 2020, with a history of foreign body sensation and itching on two occasions within a 6-month period and had video evidence of a worm in her left eye. The worm was however not visualized in the clinic.

Comparing Central Corneal Thickness Using Ultrasound and Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Pachymetry in Adults Attending A Private Eye Clinic in Abuja.

Background: Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) measurement is useful in the management of glaucoma, ocular hypertension, corneal lesions and kerato-refractive surgeries. The study aims to compare the CCT measurements between Ultrasound Sonography (USS) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), to analyze correlation and agreement between these instruments as well as repeatability of each instrument.

Methodology: A cross sectional comparative study carried in 100 eyes of 50 patients attending Rachel Eye Center in Abuja from January to March 2021.

Intravitreal linezolid in the management of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal endophthalmitis.

Purpose: Linezolid is a synthetic antibiotic, the first of the oxazolidinone class, used for the treatment of infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria including , methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). We report on a case of endophthalmitis caused by vancomycin-resistant treated with intravitreal linezolid. It has proved efficacious in animal models but its safety in humans is not fully known.

Impact assessment study after 27 years of community-directed treatment with ivermectin in Galadimawa, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Purpose: To assess the impact on blindness after 27 years of community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) in the Galadimawa community of Kauru Local Government in Kaduna state, Nigeria. The population of Galadimawa constituted about 12% of the total population examined during the ivermectin randomised control trial (RCT) in 1989. The RCT population of 8000 individuals was scattered over 36 villages in Kaduna state.

Micropulse diode laser trabeculoplasty in Nigerian patients.

Introduction: The term micropulse laser trabeculoplasty suggests that only a fraction of the laser power is applied to the trabeculum to effect pressure lowering. It has not yet been exclusively used in Negroes, and we wish to report on our experience in Nigerian patients.

Methods: The study design is a retrospective chart review of our patients at the Rachel Eye Center in Abuja.

Ocular cysticercosis in a 32-year-old man in Abuja: ultrasonic features as an aid in diagnosis.

We report the case of a 32-year-old man suffering from intraocular cysticercosis, with special emphasis on the use of B-scan ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of the condition. An 8000 B-Scan Scanmate was used to obtain the ultrasound images. The patient had worked on a pig farm a few years before presentation.

African programme for Onchoceriasis control: ophthalmological findings in Bushenyi, Uganda.

Background: The overall prevalence of blindness from Onchoceriasis in Bushenyi is relatively low, most of which is to be found in the elderly. Onchoceriasis is a major health problem in Africa. The Community-Directed treatment with invermectin is a control strategy to address the problem, but baseline data are generally lacking in several countries.

Computerized motion sensitivity screening tests in a multicountry rural onchocercal community survey in Africa.

Purpose: To determine whether the Wu-Jones Motion Sensitivity Screening Test (MSST) accurately reflects the burden of optic nerve disease in several onchoendemic communities in Africa.

Materials And Methods: The MSST was used to evaluate subjects in the communities of Raja in Sudan, Bushenyi in Uganda, Morogoro in Tanzania, and Ikon, Olomboro, and Gembu in Nigeria. Motion sensitivity was expressed as a percentage of motion detected in the individual eye, and this was averaged for the community.

Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) associated with secondary hyphaema in a case of proliferative sickle cell retinopathy.

Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) has been used off label for various conditions, including proliferative sickle cell retinopathy (PSR). Some authors have reported a more rapid resolution of the vitreous haemorrhage in Goldberg stage 4 PSR. Following injection of 1.

A comparison of the Goldmann applanation and non-contact (Keeler Pulsair EasyEye) tonometers and the effect of central corneal thickness in indigenous African eyes.

Unlabelled: The Keeler Pulsair EasyEye non-contact tonometer (NCT) was introduced into practice at Rachel Eye Center Abuja, Nigeria, where the patients are indigenous Africans. This was compared to the 'gold standard' Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) to determine if the instrument was accurate in Africans, with particular reference to the influence of central corneal thickness (CCT).

Patients And Methods: 174 eyes of 88 patients were analysed.

The motion sensitivity screening test in clinical practice in abuja, Nigeria: affordable automated perimetry for the third world?

Perimetry is essential in the clinical management and evaluation of glaucoma patients and other patients with diseases impacting on visual fields, but automated equipment may be too expensive for many practitioners in the developing world. I have used the Wu-Jones automated motion sensitivity system in a medium sized practice in Nigeria, a developing country, and hereby present an audit of our experience with it. The Wu-Jones Motion Sensitivity screening test is a lap-top computer based test which integrates a number of components including a test program and reporting facility, a self organizing neural network, a database management mechanism, and a menu-mouse-windowing user interface.

Ocular morbidity from sickle cell disease in a Nigerian cohort.

Unlabelled: Sickle cell Retinopathy is increasingly being recognised as a cause of significant ocular morbidity and blindness in Africa south of the Sahara. This study looked for retinopathy in a cohort of 90 Nigerians with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD).

Method: The cohort consisted of black Nigerians from the Hausa-Fulani, Ibo and Yoruba, as well as other minority ethnic groups resident in the Federal Capital Territory aged between 5-36 yr.

The problem of trachoma within an onchocerciasis-endemic zone in Kaduna: need for a multilateral approach?

Introduction: Within the mesoendemic onchocerciasis belt of Kaduna State, Northern Nigeria, there were other causes of ocular morbidity as well. We investigated the contribution of trachoma.

Methods: A total of 6831 individuals were examined for eye disease, including signs of trachoma.

When should children and young adults with sickle cell disease be referred for eye assessment?

Children and young adults who suffer from sickle cell disease (SCD) are at risk of blindness from retinopathy and other complications. The incidence of proliferative retinopathy in SCD patients varies from 5 to 10% depending on the genotype, being commoner in SC than SS and S-thal. 'Sudden' blinding sequelae such as vitreous haemmorrhage and tractional retinal detachment can eventuate from vasculo-proliferative retinal lesions, known as sea fans, in otherwise 'quiet' eyes.

Free-floating melanin particles in the anterior chamber: a normal finding in African eyes?

Purpose: Pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) is a well-described entity with Krukenberg's spindle, heavy trabecular pigmentation and retroilluminating iris defects. We have observed a group of patients in mesoendemic onchocercal communities of Kaduna State, Nigeria, with significant amounts of free-floating melanin in the anterior chamber, normal angle pigmentation and absence of iris defects. A pseudo-Krukenberg spindle forms when the patients are asked to maintain a 2 min head-down posture as is often done when examining eyes for the presence of anterior chamber microfilaria.

Corneal changes of uncertain etiology in mesoendemic onchocercal communities of Northern Nigeria.

Background: We report an unusual type of corneal change in some communities mesoendemic for onchocerciasis in Kaduna State of Northern Nigeria.

Methods: Thirty-four villages with an overall average microfilarial skin snip positivity rate of 71% and a total population of about 10,000 were included in a controlled trial of ivermectin for onchocerciasis. Detailed slit lamp examination of 806 persons within this population revealed at least 27 individuals with these lesions.

Hereditary congenital cataracts associated with sickle cell anaemia in a Nigerian family.

Pedigrees of hereditary disorders are rarely reported from sub-Saharan countries because of difficulties inherent in obtaining reliable family histories, case tracing and follow-up. This report relates to a four-generation family in northern Nigeria with dominantly inherited cataracts associated with recessively inherited sickle cell anaemia. It highlights the need for genetic counselling services in clinical practice in the region.