Predicting the risk of bone metastases in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer - Development and validation of a nomogram model.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a nomogram model that predicts the risk of bone metastasis (BM) in a prostate cancer (PCa) population.

Methods: We retrospectively collected and analyzed the clinical data of patients with pathologic diagnosis of PCa from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022 in two hospitals in Yangzhou, China. Patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University were divided into a training set and patients from the Affiliated Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Yangzhou University were divided into a validation set.

Application of attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in semi-quantification of blood lipids and characterization of the metabolic syndrome.

Background/purpose: Dyslipidemia, a hallmark of metabolic syndrome (MetS), contributes to atherosclerotic and cardiometabolic disorders. Due to days-long analysis, current clinical procedures for cardiotoxic blood lipid monitoring are unmet. This study used AI-assisted attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to identify MetS and precisely quantify multiple blood lipid levels with a blood sample of 0.

A novel classification method for balance differences in elite versus expert athletes based on composite multiscale complexity index and ranking forests.

Balance is crucial for various athletic tasks, and accurately assessing balance ability among elite athletes using simple and accessible measurement methods is a significant challenge in sports science. A common approach to balance assessment involves recording center of pressure (CoP) displacements using force platforms, with various indicators proposed to distinguish subtle balance differences. However, these indicators have not reached a consensus, and it remains unclear whether these analyses alone can fully explain the complex interactions of postural control.

Sensitivity of anti-filarial antibodies for lymphatic filariasis surveillance: Insights from a serological survey in Samoa in 2018.

Background: Sensitive diagnostic tools that signal lymphatic filariasis (LF) transmission are needed to monitor the progress of LF elimination programs. Anti-filarial antibody (Ab) markers could be more sensitive than antigen (Ag) point-of-care tests for monitoring LF transmission in some settings. This study aimed to investigate the sensitivity of anti-filarial Abs for detecting signals of LF transmission in Samoa by i) investigating the sensitivity and specificity of Ab to identify Ag-positives; ii) estimating the average number needed to test (NNTestav) to identify LF-seropositives (seropositive for Ag and/or any Ab), and iii) compare the efficiency of the different serological indicators by target age group and sampling design.

Identification of cuproptosis and ferroptosis-related subtypes and development of a prognostic signature in colon cancer.

Colon cancer, as a highly prevalent malignant tumor globally, poses a significant threat to human health. In recent years, ferroptosis and cuproptosis, as two novel forms of cell death, have attracted widespread attention for their potential roles in the development and treatment of colon cancer. However, the investigation into the subtypes and their impact on the survival of colon cancer patients remains understudied.

ISLRWR: A network diffusion algorithm for drug-target interactions prediction.

Machine learning techniques and computer-aided methods are now widely used in the pre-discovery tasks of drug discovery, effectively improving the efficiency of drug development and reducing the workload and cost. In this study, we used multi-source heterogeneous network information to build a network model, learn the network topology through multiple network diffusion algorithms, and obtain compressed low-dimensional feature vectors for predicting drug-target interactions (DTIs). We applied the metropolis-hasting random walk (MHRW) algorithm to improve the performance of the random walk with restart (RWR) algorithm, forming the basis by which the self-loop probability of the current node is removed.

An efficient interpretable framework for unsupervised low, very low and extreme birth weight detection.

Detecting low birth weight is crucial for early identification of at-risk pregnancies which are associated with significant neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality risks. This study presents an efficient and interpretable framework for unsupervised detection of low, very low, and extreme birth weights. While traditional approaches to managing class imbalance require labeled data, our study explores the use of unsupervised learning to detect anomalies indicative of low birth weight scenarios.

The association of muscle weakness with functional disability in older patients with Diabetes mellitus: Measured by three different grip strength thresholds.

The association of muscle weakness with poor outcomes is well defined in general older population, but there is insufficient data on the association of muscle weakness with functionality in older patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We aimed to investigate the predictivity of muscle weakness defined as low grip strength thresholds determined by EWGSOP2, and two regional thresholds in older patients with DM for functional disability. Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental ADL (IADL), grip strength, comorbidities, anthropometric and biochemical data from outpatient clinic medical records were screened retrospectively.

Identifying At-Risk Populations for Reoperations, Readmissions, and Interventions in MBSAQIP Using a Novel Inpatient Postoperative Care Metric.

Introduction: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is increasingly used for obesity and metabolic disease, with safety profiles showing it is among the safest major operations. The last 20 + years have noted significantly improved safety that has been accompanied by decreasing length of stay and select populations electing for outpatient surgery, leading to continued decreases in cost. Regardless, readmissions and complications still occur, requiring inpatient postoperative care (IP-POC).

Prevalence and predictive risk factors of hypertensive disorders in pregnant women at high risk for gestational diabetes. The PREeclampsia in DIabetiC gestaTION (PREDICTION) study.

Purpose: Women with gestational diabetes (GDM) have increased risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP). However, knowledge remains limited for women with high-risk metabolic profiles, regardless of GDM diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HDP among women at high risk for GDM, while simultaneously identifying potential predictive clinical risk factors of HDP.

Comparisons of oscillatory potentials and 30 Hz flicker electroretinograms for discriminating eyes with diabetic retinopathy from normal eyes.

Purpose: To compare the amplitudes and implicit times of the oscillatory (OPs) of the full-field electroretinograms (ERGs) to those of the 30 Hz flicker ERGs in differentiating eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR) from normal eyes.

Study Design: Single-center observational study.

Methods: Full-field ERGs were recorded in 55 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 20 normal control subjects.

Three-dimensional MRI follicle segmentation and counting using SegmentWithSAM in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of Follicle numbers measured on ultrasound (US), conventional magnetic resonance imaging (2D MRI), and three-dimensional (3D) MRI in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to compare the diagnostic efficacy of these imaging modalities.

Method: In this prospective study, 58 PCOS patients and 60 healthy women underwent US, conventional 2D MRI, and 3D MRI. Clinical laboratory tests and ovarian volume were compared between PCOS and control groups.

Liver and pancreatic fat fractions as predictors of disease severity in acute pancreatitis: an MRI IDEAL-IQ study.

Purpose: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and non-alcoholic fatty pancreatic disease (NAFPD) are metabolic diseases with rising incidence. Fatty infiltration may lead to dysfunction of the liver and pancreatic tissues. This study aims to quantify liver and pancreatic fat fractions and examine their correlation with disease severity in acute pancreatitis patients.

Clinical applicability of 2023 International Pediatric Nephrology Association recommended limited therapeutic drug monitoring formulae to assess mycophenolic acid exposure.

Background: The 2023 IPNA guidelines recommended a 12-h mycophenolic acid (MPA) area under the curve (AUC) estimation for managing pediatric nephrotic syndrome and MPA AUC > 50 mg * h/L for an optimal therapeutic response to mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). The IPNA guidelines endorsed two limited AUC formulae based on three-point MPA measurements to predict 12-h MPA AUC. The relative performance of these two limited AUC formulae has not been tested.

Linking the function of -acting RNA elements to coronavirus replication using interactomes.

RNA structures that are functionally important are defined as -acting RNA elements because their functions cannot be compensated for in trans. The -acting RNA elements in the 3' UTR of coronaviruses are important for replication; however, the mechanism linking the -acting RNA elements to their replication function remains to be established. In the present study, a comparison of the biological processes of the interactome and the replication efficiency between the 3' UTR -acting RNA elements in coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, suggests that (i) the biological processes, including translation, protein folding and protein stabilization, derived from the analysis of the -acting RNA element interactome and (ii) the architecture of the -acting RNA elements and their interactomes are highly correlated with coronavirus replication.

Efficacy and safety of risankizumab for the treatment of patients with plaque type psoriasis.

Risankizumab (Skyrizi, Abbvie, North Chicago, IL, USA) is a humanized immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 monoclonal antibody targeting the p19 subunit of IL-23, thereby inhibiting IL-23-dependent releasing of proinflammatory cytokines in plaque psoriasis. Risankizumab is licensed is most countries for the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, and in Japan for generalized pustular psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis and palmoplantar pustulosis. Risankizumab showed higher efficacy and favorable safety profiles in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, compared with adalimumab, secukinumab and ustekinumab in several randomized controlled phase 3 pivotal studies and among real-life data in large retrospective studies.

Comparison of the risk scoring systems in long term restenosis due to percutaneous interventions to the superficial femoral artery.

Percutaneous superficial femoral interventions remain the preferred method of treatment for superficial femoral artery (SFA) disease. Nevertheless, long term restenosis continues to be a major limitation of percutaneous interventions. In this context, the objective of this study is to compare the efficacies of CHA2DS2-VASc, CHA2DS2-VASc-HS, ATRIA, ATRIA-HSV, and HATCH risk scoring systems in predicting long-term (5 years) restenosis due to percutaneous interventions to the superficial femoral artery.

Analysis of Delirium Risk Assessment Tools for Prediction of Postoperative Delirium Following Lumbar Spinal Fusion.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Evaluate the utility of Delirium Risk Assessment Score (DRAS), Delirium Risk Assessment Tool (DRAT), and Delirium Elderly At-Risk (DEAR) in patients undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusions.

Background: Surgical interventions can place patients at risk for postoperative delirium (POD), an acute and often severe cognitive impairment associated with poor outcomes.

Defining Substantial Clinical Benefits of PROMIS Pain Interference and Physical Function in Patients Undergoing Lumbar and Thoracolumbar Spine Surgery.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Objective: This study aims to define Substantial Clinical Benefit (SCB) thresholds for PROMIS physical function (PF) and pain interference (PI) in lumbar or thoracolumbar spine surgery population.

Summary Of Background Data: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are widely used in spine surgery to assess treatment efficacy.

Validation of a Novel MRI Biomarker of Infarct Severity to Predict Functional Outcome After Endovascular Thrombectomy.

Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) dramatically improves clinical outcomes, but the final infarct volume (FIV) on MRI only accounts for a minority of the treatment effect. An imaging biomarker that more strongly correlates with post-EVT functional outcome would be helpful for clinical prognosis and serve as a surrogate outcome measure in trials of EVT-adjuvant therapies. Here, we aimed to validate a novel MRI-based metric, infarct density, which leverages post-EVT apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as a marker of infarct severity.

Serum NLR combined with CA125 and HE4 improves the diagnostic and prognostic efficiency in patients with ovarian cancer.

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) represents a common neoplasm within the female reproductive tract. The prognosis for patients diagnosed at advanced stages is unfavorable, primarily attributable to the absence of reliable screening markers for early detection. An elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) serves as an indicator of host inflammatory response and has been linked to poorer overall survival (OS) across various cancer types; however, its examination in OC remains limited.

Application of the 2021 AAPOS Guidelines in Clinics with Revision and Validation of SPOT Referral Criteria.

Purpose: This study aims to validate and revise the Spot Vision Screener referral criteria for detecting amblyopia risk factors (ARFs), visually significant refractive error (VSRE), and amblyopia.

Methods: In clinics, we gathered data from children aged 12 months to 7 years. The validity of the cut-off values was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, with cycloplegic retinoscopy serving as a reference.

Correlation of intracranial and extracranial carotid atherosclerotic plaque characteristics with ischemic stroke recurrence: a high-resolution vessel wall imaging study.

Objectives: To evaluate the ability of the plaque characteristics of extracranial carotid and intracranial arteries to predict large atherosclerotic ischemic stroke recurrence via head and neck combined high-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI).

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 169 patients with large atherosclerotic ischemic stroke who underwent head and neck combined HR-VWI from April 2022 to May 2023. The baseline clinical data and atherosclerotic plaque characteristics of the intracranial and extracranial carotid arteries were collected, and the patients were followed up for 1 year, with the endpoint event defined as recurrent ischemic stroke.

Post-craniotomy intracranial pressure monitoring: a novel approach combining optic nerve sheath diameter ultrasonography and cervical-cerebral arterial ultrasound.

Objective: Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), a common complication in traumatic brain injuries (TBI), can lead to optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) enlargement and flow spectrum changes from the internal carotid artery (ICA) to middle cerebral artery (MCA). This study will investigate the use of Cervical-Cerebral Arterial Ultrasound (CCAU) for non-invasive ICP assessment and evaluating the related indices' clinical utility in TBI patients with decompressive craniotomy (DC).

Methods: ONSD and flow spectrum changes were measured within 24 h after DC in 106 patients via ultrasonic ONSD measurement and CCAU, simultaneously.

Development and validation of an explainable machine learning prediction model of hemorrhagic transformation after intravenous thrombolysis in stroke.

Objective: To develop and validate an explainable machine learning (ML) model predicting the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after intravenous thrombolysis.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients who received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA) thrombolysis within 4.5 h after symptom onset to form the original modeling cohort.