The Impact of the Foveal Bulge on Visual Acuity in Resolved Diabetic Macular Edema and Retinal Vein Occlusions.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of foveal bulge presence on visual acuity (VA) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Methods: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans were conducted on 22 DME patients and 20 RVO patients. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was employed to analyze the association between VA and the presence of the foveal bulge, as well as factors such as sex, age, central foveal thickness, various line scans of the fovea, and the external limiting membrane (ELM).

Evaluating the impact of faculty development programs at the workplace by using reflective critique writing technique.

Background: The professional development of faculty members is essential for improving the quality of education. Faculty development programs play a very vital role in continued professional development of faculty. Reflective Critique writing is an important tool for evaluation of faculty development programs, as it provides opportunities for self-reflection, self-critique and self-awareness.

Sodium alginate based fast swelling nanogels for solubility enhancement of chlorthalidone; synthesis, characterization and biosafety evaluation.

Purpose of the study was to enhance the solubility of chlorthalidone, poorly soluble diuretic that has been the used for lowering high blood pressure for the past half-century. Solubility is a challenge for approximately 90% of drug candidates. Chlorthalidone is BCS Class IV drug whose poor solubility needs to be improved in order to optimize its efficacy.

Pharmacological investigations of newly synthesized oxazolones and imidazolones as COX-2 inhibitors.

Oxazoles and Imidazoles are heterocyclic compounds with significant biological activities. The present study explores the pharmacological effects of some new oxazole and imidazole derivatives as potential COX-2 inhibitors. Docking studies of the compounds against targeted proteins COX-2 and TACE manifested good binding affinities for both the targets supporting their anti-inflammatory potential.

Dexmedetomidine leads to the amelioration of stress response to surgery.

Objectives: To determine the impact of intravenous Dexmedetomidine (Dex) administered perioperatively on stress response markers in patients undergoing ENT surgeries.

Methods: This randomized interventional study was conducted at POFs Hospital and NUMS affiliated WMC, Wah Cantt, in collaboration with IIMC Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from October 2021 to April 2022. One hundred patients aged between 15-60 years, after satisfying the inclusion standards were randomly divided into two groups C and D.

The significance of uterine artery embolization in the treatment of utero-cervical cancer: A single case report.

Key Clinical Message: Uterine artery embolization demonstrated significant efficacy in the treatment of utero-cervical cancer. This minimally invasive procedure holds promise as a valuable adjunct therapy, potentially offering improved outcomes and reduced morbidity in select cases. Further research is warranted to validate its broader clinical utility.

Unraveling Catechol-O-Methyltransferase rs4680 SNP's Role in Patients' Response to Tramadol and Its Adverse Effects: A Pharmacogenetics Insight into Postoperative Pain Management.

Effective postoperative pain management is essential for patient well-being and an efficient healthcare system. Variations in the Catechol O-Methyltransferase (COMT) gene, specifically rs4680, play a crucial role in pain perception and opioid response. This study seeks to elucidate the impact of rs4680 polymorphism on tramadol efficacy and adverse reactions in post-surgical patients.

Post-graduate educational environment of two parallel programs in Pediatric Medicine.

Objective: To compare the trainees' perception of the Educational Environment (EE) of the two parallel post-graduate training programs (MD & FCPS) in Pediatric Medicine.

Methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out by Department of Medical Education UOL and Department of Pediatric Medicine KEMU from February to December 2021. Data about the perception of EE was collected from the Pediatric Medicine trainees by purposive sampling using the 40 items PHEEM inventory.

Use of Social Media and Digital Profile of Physicians: What One Needs to Know?

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Effects of body mass index on propofol-induced cardiovascular depression in the Pakistani population.

Objective: To determine the relationship between the patient's Body Mass Index (BMI) and the cardiovascular effects produced by propofol at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg in the Pakistani population.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi from August 2021 to January 2022.

Factors leading to the academic failure of undergraduate medical students - Predict early to prevent.

Objectives: The main objective of the study was to explore the factors to predict academic failure before the first major assessment.

Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted from March 2021 to August 2021 at Riphah International University. Using the purposive sampling technique, 16 students and seven teachers were included in the study.

Virtual Conference Cannot Replace Physical Meeting: Lessons from COVID-19 Pandemic Online Transformation.

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Proteomic Comparison of Ivermectin Sensitive and Resistant Clinical Isolates Reveals Key Efflux Pumps as Possible Resistance Determinants.

Ivermectin (IVM) is a versatile drug used against many microorganisms. is one of the most devastating microorganisms. IVM sensitive and resistant .

Development and characterization of niosomal gel of fusidic acid: in-vitro and ex-vivo approaches.

Niosomes are multilamellar vesicles that efficiently deliver active substance into skin systemic circulation or skin layers. They are used in topical drug delivery system to enhance the skin permeation of active substance. So, the prime objective of this study was to develop a niosomal gel of fusidic acid to increase its skin permeation.

Referral writing: Consensus building on a tool for writing structured referrals.

Competency in referral writing skill is needed by doctors for which they are not adequately trained. Although there has been a lot of discussion on improvement of skills for writing consultation letters, still priority is not given to this important task. Ideally there should be a course with assessment for teaching and learning medical referral writing skills for students.

Comparison of cortisol levels in patients with vasovagal syncope and postural tachycardia syndrome.

Objectives: To compare the levels of cortisol in patients of vasovagal syncope (VVS) and postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS).

Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi and Electrophysiology Department at (AFIC). This study included 80 subjects, comprising of 35 patients in each group of vasovagal syncope and postural tachycardia syndrome and 10 healthy subjects.

Association study of interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 1 rs3027898 A/C gene polymorphism and preeclampsia in Pakistani population.

Objectives: To find the association between interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 rs3027898 gene polymorphism and preeclampsia.

Methods: The case-control study was conducted from October, 2018 to September, 2019 at the Railway General Hospital and the Department of Biochemistry, Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised patients diagnosed with preeclampsia and healthy controls. The interleukin receptor-associated kinase-1 polymorphism was determined using multiplex tetra primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction.

Comparative Analysis of Different Local Anesthetic Solutions Available in Market: An In Vitro and Clinical Study.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare various commercially available local anesthetic solutions.

Materials And Methods: A total of 150 commercially available local anesthetic cartridges of similar composition (2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000) were randomly collected and divided into 3 groups. The designations of groups were selected from their product names such that each group consisted of 60 cartridges.

COVID-19: A Potential Trigger for Thyroid Dysfunction.

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a self-limiting thyroid dysfunction of viral origin. Relatively little is known about its occurrence in SARS CoV-2 infected COVID-19 patients. Herein, we report a case of SAT in a 58-year-old patient that was apparently triggered by infection with SARS CoV-2.

Estimation of Alpha-Synuclein Monomer and Oligomer Levels in the Saliva of the Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Possibility for an Early Diagnosis.

Background In degenerative brain diseases like Parkinson's disease (PD), alpha-synuclein (a-syn) can be in its monomeric (a-syn-mono) or toxic oligomeric (a-syn-oligo) or as a total (a-syn-total) forms in the biological body fluids including saliva. Past research has observed major a-syn plasma variations in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) pointing toward brain degenerative components in their pathophysiology. No prior study has shown a-syn levels in ASD patients' saliva.

Zoonotic and reverse zoonotic events of SARS-CoV-2 and their impact on global health.

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped, positive sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. The viruses have adapted to infect a large number of animal species, ranging from bats to camels. At present, seven CoVs infect humans, of which Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for causing the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans.

Exploration of constructs of professionalism identified in the ABIM framework as perceived by the faculty fitting the Pakistani context.

Objective: Domains of professionalism are well-described in the literature. Examining the elements of Professionalism in the local context have received less attention from education experts. The aim of the study was to explore the construct of professionalism as perceived by the faculty that fitted the Pakistani context identified in the ABIM framework of professionalism.

Inhibition of Oncogenic Kinases: An In Vitro Validated Computational Approach Identified Potential Multi-Target Anticancer Compounds.

Tumorigenesis in humans is a multistep progression that imitates genetic changes leading to cell transformation and malignancy. Oncogenic kinases play a central role in cancer progression, rendering them putative targets for the design of anti-cancer drugs. The presented work aims to identify the potential multi-target inhibitors of oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and serine/threonine kinases (STKs).