Instabilities, thermal fluctuations, defects and dislocations in the crystal-R-R rotator phase transitions of -alkanes.

The theoretical study of instabilities, thermal fluctuations, and topological defects in the crystal-rotator-I-rotator-II (X-R-R) phase transitions of -alkanes has been conducted. First, we examine the nature of the R-R phase transition in nanoconfined alkanes. We propose that under confined conditions, the presence of quenched random orientational disorder makes the R phase unstable.

An analysis of causal relationships among the factors affecting the academic performance of students at the Alborz University of Medical Sciences.

Background: University graduates are leaders, great human resources, and responsible for the economic and social development of every country. The present study aimed at evaluating the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between stress and effort-reward imbalance (E.R.

Clinical case of co-infection: Dengue fever and respiratory mycoplasmosis in a child.

According to WHO, dengue fever (DF) is currently endemic to more than 100 countries in various regions of Africa, America, and Asia; outbreaks have been reported in Europe. In the Russian Federation, there is a much smaller proportion of children among those infected due to the imported nature of the infection. We described a clinical case of imported dengue fever in an adolescent girl in Moscow after a 5-day vacation.

The Effect of Extending the Window to Disenroll From Medicare Advantage Among Post-Acute Users.

Post-acute care users in Medicare Advantage (MA) plans may seek coverage changes if facing issues with plan benefits. In 2019, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services extended the deadline to disenroll from an MA plan from February 14 to March 31 and, for the first time, permitted beneficiaries to switch to a different MA plan instead of traditional Medicare. Using 2016-2019 Medicare administrative data, we implemented a difference-in-differences approach to evaluate the impact of this policy on disenrollment from a plan within 1 month of initiating skilled nursing facility or home health services.

Oral cannabidiol did not impair learning and memory in healthy adults.

Background: The effect of oral Cannabidiol (CBD) on interference during learning and memory (L&M) in healthy human volunteers has not been studied.

Method: A two-arm crossover, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at Colorado State University Pueblo (CSU Pueblo) to evaluate the effects of 246 mg oral CBD on L&M in healthy adults. Among 57 healthy volunteers enrolled, 35 were included in the analyses.

From bench to bedside: elucidating VEGF(R) inhibitor-related heart failure in cancer treatment.

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors play a pivotal role in treating various tumors; however, the clinical characteristics and molecular mechanisms of their associated heart failure (HF) remain incompletely understood.

Methods: We investigated the epidemiological characteristics of VEGF or VEGFR inhibitors [VEGF(R)i]-related heart failure (VirHF) using the global pharmacovigilance database Vigibase. The phenotypic features and molecular mechanisms of VirHF were characterized using VEGF(R)i-treated mouse models through a combination of echocardiography, histopathological analysis, and transcriptome sequencing.

Developing a comprehensive inventory to define harm reduction housing.

Background: The City of Boston has faced unprecedented challenges with substance use amidst changes to the illicit drug supply and increased visibility of homelessness. Among its responses, Boston developed six low threshold harm reduction housing (HRH) sites geared towards supporting the housing needs of people who use drugs (PWUD) and addressing health and safety concerns around geographically concentrated tent encampments. HRH sites are transitional supportive housing that adhere to a "housing first" approach where abstinence is not required and harm reduction services and supports are co-located.

Socioeconomic disparities in child malnutrition: trends, determinants, and policy implications from the Kenya demographic and health survey (2014 - 2022).

Background: Child malnutrition remains a critical public health problem, with socioeconomic factors playing a significant role. Socioeconomic factors include household income, parental education, and access to healthcare, which influence a child's nutritional status. Despite overall progress in reducing under-five child malnutrition in Kenya, disparities persist.

Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease in Liveborn Infants in the New England Region.

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease requiring early cardiac catheterization or surgical intervention enables optimal delivery planning for appropriate postnatal cardiovascular intervention and care. This allows for improved morbidity and mortality. Prior national data reported prenatal diagnosis rates of 32% for congenital heart disease requiring intervention in infants in the first 6 months of life in the New England region.

The fate and mobility of chromium, arsenic and zinc in municipal sewage sludge during the co-pyrolysis process with organic and inorganic chlorides.

Co-pyrolysis is an efficient approach for municipal sewage sludge (SS) treatment, facilitating the production of biochar and promoting the stabilization and removal of heavy metals, particularly when combined with chlorinated materials. This study explores the impact of pyrolysis temperatures (400 °C and 600 °C) and chlorinated additives (polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as an organic chloride source and ferric chloride (FeCl) as an inorganic chloride source) at 10% and 20% concentrations, on the yield, chemical speciation, leachability, and ecological risks of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn) in biochar derived from SS. The results revealed that increasing the pyrolysis temperature from 400 to 600 °C significantly reduced biochar yield due to enhanced volatilization of organic components, as well as the removal of heavy metals in interaction with chlorinated materials.

Heterogeneity of the Treatment Effect with PARP Inhibitors in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: A Living Interactive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: Selection of patients harboring mutations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes for treatment with a PARP inhibitor (PARPi) is challenging in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). To gain further insight, we quantitatively assessed the differential efficacy of PARPi therapy among patients with mCRPC and different HRR gene mutations.

Methods: This living meta-analysis (LMA) was conducted using the Living Interactive Evidence synthesis framework.

Comparing the Robustness of Intensity-modulated Proton Therapy and Proton-arc Therapy Against Interplay Effects of 4D Robust-optimised Plans for Lung Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy.

Aims: To assess the robustness of 4D-optimised IMPT and PAT plans against interplay effects in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with respiratory motion over 10 mm, and to provide insights into the use of proton-based stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for lung cancer with significant tumour movement.

Materials And Methods: Fourteen patients with early-stage NSCLC and tumour motion >10 mm were selected. Three hypofraction regimens were generated using 4D robust optimisation with the IMPT and PAT techniques.

Dynamine 3 as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Pancreatic Cancer: Implications for Early Detection and Targeted Therapy.

Background: Dynamins are defined as a group of molecules with GTPase activity that play a role in the formation of endocytic vesicles and Golgi apparatus. Among them, DNM3 has gained recognition in oncology for its tumor suppressor role. Based on this, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the DNM3 gene in patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer using bioinformatics databases.

The Cutaneous Pathology of Erythromelalgia and Its Role in Establishing Critical Clues Regarding Pathogenesis.

Erythromelalgia, a rare cutaneous pain syndrome, is characterized by acral burning pain and flushing, often alleviated by cold and rest. Primary erythromelalgia is caused by gain-of-function mutations of genes encoding for sodium channels, resulting in hyperexcitability of pain signaling neurons. Autoimmunity and hematologic dyscrasias such as thrombocythemia have been implicated in secondary erythromelalgia.

Revealing the catalytic oxidation mechanism of CO on α-FeO surfaces: an thermodynamic study.

Significant research efforts have been devoted to improving the efficiency of catalytic carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation over α-FeO-based catalysts, but details of the underlying mechanism are still under debate. Here we apply the thermodynamic method (AITM) within the density functional theory framework to investigate the phase diagram of α-FeO(0001) surfaces with various terminations and the catalytic mechanism of CO oxidation on these surfaces. By extending the conventional AITM to consider the charge state of surface defects, we build the phase diagram of α-FeO(0001) surfaces in relation to the Fermi energy as well as the oxygen chemical potential, which makes it possible to explain the influence of point defects on the surface morphology and to predict the existence of the experimentally observed functional sites such as the ferryl group (FeO) and oxygen vacancies.

Interest in Injectable and Oral PrEP for HIV Prevention Among Women and Men Who Inject Drugs.

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) are at increased risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Women who inject are a particularly vulnerable group. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective, but access and uptake has been limited.

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of oleuropein in human keratinocytes characterized by bottom-up proteomics.

Oleuropein is a phenolic compound commonly found in cosmetic ingredients including olive leaves and jasmine flowers with various skin-beneficial effects. Here, we evaluated oleuropein's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in human skin cells. In a cell-based inflammasome model with human monocytes (THP-1 cells), oleuropein (12-200 µM) reduced proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 by 38.

Examining the Proximal Relationship between Religious Coping and Depression among Trauma-Exposed Adults.

Depression is a common consequence of sexual victimization. Although religious coping has been previously studied within the context of sexual victimization, there is a dearth of research examining the potential reciprocal relationships between religious coping and depression among adults with a history of sexual victimization at the daily level. The current study addresses this important gap by leveraging an intensive longitudinal design and data analysis to explore bidirectional daily relations between religious coping and depression symptoms in a community sample of adults with a history of sexual victimization.

Caregiver report of infant behavior associated with autism likelihood in first year of life.

Background: Identification of prodromal indicators of autism in infancy has the potential to identify behaviors relevant to early autism screening.

Methods: We report on data from a prospective general population birth cohort with maternal reported measures at 9 and 12 months: the Survey of Well-Being of Young Children (SWYC; general developmental surveillance) and the First Year Inventory-Lite v3.1b (FYI-Lite; autism specific parent report research tool).

Efficacy and Safety of Abhal (Juniperus communis L). on Pain intensity, Uterine Artery Doppler Flow, and Quality of Life in Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Ethnopharmacology Relevance: Incorporating ancient wisdom from Unani Medicine, this study delves into the therapeutic efficacy of Juniperus communis L. in primary dysmenorrhea. By seamlessly merging traditional knowledge with modern scientific evaluation, this research illuminates Juniperus communis L.

Optimizing retention strategies for opioid use disorder pharmacotherapy: The retention phase of the CTN-0100 trial (RDD).

Introduction And Background: The three medications approved to address OUD are effective in decreasing opioid use and morbidity and mortality; however, their utility is limited by high rates of dropout from treatment. The CTN-0100 trial will develop an evidence base for strategies to improve retention on buprenorphine and extended-release naltrexone.

Research Design And Methods: The National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) study CTN-0100, "Optimizing Retention, Duration and Discontinuation Strategies for Opioid Use Disorder Pharmacotherapy" (RDD), is a multicenter, randomized, non-blinded trial enrolling more than a thousand patients from 18 community-based substance use disorder treatment programs.

Association of external ventricular drain duration and output with cerebral infarct risk in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: The optimal duration of external ventricular drain (EVD) in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is debatable. We sought to determine the association of EVD duration and output with outcomes, including cerebral infarct.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of a prospectively collected cohort of consecutive patients with aSAH who were admitted to an academic center from 2016 to 2023.

Perioperative Chemotherapy or Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy in Esophageal Cancer.

Background: The best multimodal approach for resectable locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma is unclear. An important question is whether perioperative chemotherapy is preferable to preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

Methods: In this phase 3, multicenter, randomized trial, we assigned in a 1:1 ratio patients with resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma to receive perioperative chemotherapy with FLOT (fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel) plus surgery or preoperative chemoradiotherapy (radiotherapy at a dose of 41.

Electronic structure of superconducting infinite-layer lanthanum nickelates.

Revealing the momentum-resolved electronic structure of infinite-layer nickelates is essential for understanding this class of unconventional superconductors but has been hindered by the formidable challenges in improving the sample quality. In this work, we report the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of superconducting LaSrNiO films prepared by molecular beam epitaxy and in situ atomic-hydrogen reduction. The measured Fermi topology closely matches theoretical calculations, showing a large Ni [Formula: see text]-derived Fermi sheet that evolves from hole-like to electron-like along and a three-dimensional (3D) electron pocket centered at the Brillouin zone corner.