MTSS1: beyond the integration of actin and membrane dynamics.

MTSS1 is a ubiquitously expressed intracellular protein known mainly for its involvement in basic cellular processes, such as the regulation of actin organization and membrane architecture. MTSS1 has attracted much attention for its role as a tumor suppressor, being absent or expressed at reduced levels in advanced and metastasizing cancers. Occasionally, MTSS1 is, instead, upregulated in metastasis and, in some cases, even in primary tumors.

EZH2 inhibition sensitizes retinoic acid-driven senescence in synovial sarcoma.

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is driven by a unique t(18;X) chromosomal translocation resulting in expression of the SS18-SSX fusion oncoprotein, a transcriptional regulator with both activating and repressing functions. However, the manner in which SS18-SSX contributes to the development of SS is not entirely known. Here, we show that SS18-SSX drives the expression of Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma (PRAME), which is highly expressed in SS but whose function remains poorly understood.

Mitochondrial dysfunction significantly contributes to the sensitivity of tumor cells to anoikis and their metastatic potential.

Unlabelled: It is well-known that the survival of metastatic cells during their dissemination plays an important role in metastasis. However, does this mean that the final result of the metastatic cascade (the volume of metastatic damage to distant organs and tissues) depends on, or at least correlates with, the degree of resistance to anoikis (distinctive hallmarks of metastatic cells)? This question remains open. was to study the changes in the survival rates, proliferative activity, oxidative stress, and glycolysis intensity during three days of anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth of two Lewis lung carcinoma cell lines (LLC and LLC/R9) and compare these changes with the status of mitochondria and metastatic potential of the cells .

Cancer Stem Cells as a Therapeutic Target: Current Clinical Development and Future Prospective.

The key role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in tumor development and therapy resistance makes them essential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Numerous agents targeting CSCs, either as monotherapy or as part of combination therapy, are currently being tested in clinical trials to treat solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Data from ongoing and future clinical trials testing novel approaches to target tumor stemness-related biomarkers and pathways may pave the way for further clinical development of CSC-targeted treatments and CSC-guided selection of therapeutic regimens.

MTSS1 is downregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) which disrupts adherens junctions leading to enhanced cell migration and invasion.

Loss of cell-cell adhesions is the indispensable first step for cancer cells to depart from the primary tumor mass to metastasize. Metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1) is frequently lost in metastatic tissues, correlating to advanced tumor stages and poor prognosis across a variety of cancers. Here we explore the anti-metastatic mechanisms of MTSS1, which have not been well understood.

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The widespread introduction of nuclear technologies in industry, medicine, science, etc. increases the number of professionals subjected to additional radiation exposure. Moreover, the problem of occupational cancer is the most complicated in occupational pathology due to the multifactorial nature of the etiology of this disease.

THE STUDY OF PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF microRNAs (miR-10b AND -155) AND CDKN2A/P16INK4A IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Disco- vering novel prognostic markers for OSCC can improve treatment outcomes by allowing for more effective therapy strategies.

Aim: To identify the prognostic value of CDKN2A (p16INK4a) and miRNAs involved in its regulation as markers of OSCC.

EFFECT OF LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE INHIBITION BY OXAMATE ON LEWIS LUNG CARCINOMA CELLS WITH DIFFERENT METASTATIC POTENTIAL.

Background: Today, the ability for metabolic reprogramming is considered one of the distinguishing features of metastatically active tumor cells, a classic example of which is aerobic glycolysis. Despite a large number of studies in this direction, the question of the relationship between the intensity of aerobic glycolysis and the metastatic potential of tumor cells remains almost completely open. The work aimed to investigate the effect of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitor on the viability and several characteristics of Lewis lung carcinoma cells with different metastatic potential.

Comparative Analysis of the Embryonal Brain Tumors Based on Their Molecular Features.

Pediatric brain tumors currently show the highest incidence among solid childhood malignancies and, together with leukemia, are the leading cause of death from cancer in childhood. Embryonal brain tumors are the most common and frequent type of childhood brain cancer and are usually characterized by an extremely aggressive course of the disease with the worst outcomes in most cases. There is an urgent need for specific refined molecular diagnostics, which would help to develop personalized treatment.

The role of USP1 deubiquitinase in the pathogenesis and therapy of cancer.

Ubiquitin-specific protease 1 (USP1) is an important deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) involved in the maintenance of genome integrity, cell cycle, and cell homeostasis. USP1 overexpression is a characteristic feature of various cancers, correlating with a poor prognosis. The review summarizes the recent knowledge in understanding the role of deubiquitinase USP1 in the stabilization of oncoproteins and tumor suppressors, as a critical event in cancer development and progression.

Does insulin make breast cancer cells resistant to doxorubicin toxicity?

The effects of insulin on the doxorubicin (Dox) sensitivity of breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and its Dox-resistant counterpart MCF-7/Dox were studied and glucose metabolism, content of essential minerals, and the expression of several microRNAs in these cells upon exposure to insulin and Dox were compared. Cell viability colorimetric assay, colorimetric enzymatic technique, flow cytometry, immunocytochemical techniques, inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used in the study. We found that insulin in high concentration significantly suppressed Dox toxicity, especially in parental MCF-7 cell line.

IMPACT OF TUMOR MOLECULAR PHENOTYPE ON SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH GASTRIC CANCER AFTER RADICAL SURGERY.

The strategy for the treatment of gastric cancer (GC), in particular the use of the extended surgical interventions in different countries varies. The different proportion of specific molecular GC subtypes in various populations frequently is not taken into account for comparing treatment outcomes. This pilot study analyzes the association of survival of GC patients after the extended combined surgical interventions depending on the molecular subtype of the tumors.

Photopolymerization with EDTA and Riboflavin for Proteins Analysis in Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis.

A new method for photosensitized polymerization of polyacrylamide gels was proposed. Photopolymerization of acrylamide/N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (AM/Bis) was assisted with combination of catalyst ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate (EDTA) and photoinitiator riboflavin (RF). The prepared cross-linked AM/Bis + EDTA/RF gels were tested in electrophoretic SDS-PAGE system at high concentration of AM (20 wt%).

Assessment of biosafety and toxicity of hydrophilic gel for implantation in experimental in vitro and in vivo models.

Background: The assessment of biosafety of pharmacologically active substances is crucial for determining the feasibility of their medical use. There are controversial issues regarding the use of substances of different origins as implants.

Methods: We have conducted the comprehensive studies to determine the in vivo toxicity and in vitro genotoxicity of new generation of hydrophilic gel for implantation (production name of the substance "Activegel") to detail its characteristics and assess its biosafety.

RAPID LOW-COST DETECTION OF TYPE 2CALR MUTATION BY ALLELE-SPECIFIC RT-PCR FOR DIAGNOSIS OF MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS.

Background: Approximately 15% to 24% of essential thrombocythemia (ET) and 25-35% of primary myelofibrosis cases carry a mutation in the calreticulin (CALR) gene. Sanger sequencing, qPCR, high resolution melt or targeted next generation sequencing usually used to detect these mutations are expensive and require costly equipment. Nevertheless, type 1 CALR mutations are detectable by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis.

DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION PATTERN OF AIP, UCKL1, AND PKN1 GENES IN PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS.

Background: The evolution of research on the therapy of prostate cancer (PC) depends on a study of molecules that are involved in the progression of this disease. Nevertheless, there is a need for additional biomarkers that would help to refine the molecular profile of PC and propose the personalized therapeutic approach.

Aim: To study differential expression patterns of the AIP, UCKL1, and PKN1 genes in blood sera and tumor tissue of patients with PC with different Gleason scores.

Expression of the Chemokine Receptor CCR1 in Burkitt Lymphoma Cell Lines Is Linked to the CD10-Negative Cell Phenotype and Co-Expression of the EBV Latent Genes EBNA2, LMP1, and LMP2.

Chemokines and their receptors regulate the migration of immune cells and the dissemination of cancer cells. CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR5 all belong to a single protein homology cluster and respond to the same inflammatory chemokines. We previously reported that CCR1 and CCR2B are induced upon Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of B cells in vitro.

Long-term exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation and COVID-19 pandemic: oncohematological aspects.

For more than 35 years after Chornobyl catastrophe, about 5 million people in Ukraine, Republic of Belarus and Russian Federation inhabit the territories that are residually contaminated with long-lived radionuclides such as Cs, Sr. The previous studies of the Reference Laboratory operating at RE Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology allowed specifying the effects of the protracted low dose irradiation on the state of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues resulting in the increased proportion of the B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia among the patients referred from the contaminated areas of Ukraine. Since the beginning of 2020, these effects of radiation were superimposed by the factors associated with COVID-19 pandemic.

CD150 and CD180 are negative regulators of IL-10 expression and secretion in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a strikingly heterogeneous disease both at the molecular level and clinical disease course. The malignant B cells obtain key proliferation and survival signals within lymph nodes or bone marrow. Moreover, CLL B cells and tumor microenvironment dynamically co-evolve organizing inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment by direct contact with surrounding cells and secretion of cytokines, growth factors, or extracellular vesicles.

Assessment of the Safety of Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280 Probiotic Strain on a Mouse Model.

Probiotics, in particular Lactobacillus (lactic acid bacteria, LAB) strains, are widely used in clinical practice. Despite that these probiotics have GRAS (generally regarded as safe) and qualified presumption of safety (QPS) statuses, the safety of particular strains still needs to be thoroughly studied. The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety of Lact.

Human microbiota and effectiveness of cancer chemotherapy.

This review presents up-to-date information on the effects of microbiota on the individual chemotherapy sensitivity in cancer treatment. Recent studies have shown that a fine balance between the intestinal microbiota and the immune system is crucial for maintaining an efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. A number of antitumor drugs have complex mechanisms of action involving not only direct effects but also the activity of the intestinal microbiota and the immune system.

NANOG as prognostic factor of prostate cancer course.

Unlabelled: The variability of the clinical course of prostate cancer (PC) indicates the need to find factors that could predict the aggressive potential of neoplasms accounting the biological characteristics of tumor cells. In this context, the role of NANOG, a transcription factor involved in maintaining pluripotency and one of the markers of cancer stem cells (CSCs), is being actively studied today.

Aim: To investigate the level of NANOG mRNA in tumor tissue of patients with PC and to analyze the possibility of its use as a marker of the disease course.

Cell stemness is maintained upon concurrent expression of RB and the mitochondrial ribosomal protein S18-2.

Stemness encompasses the capability of a cell for self-renewal and differentiation. The stem cell maintains a balance between proliferation, quiescence, and regeneration via interactions with the microenvironment. Previously, we showed that ectopic expression of the mitochondrial ribosomal protein S18-2 (MRPS18-2) led to immortalization of primary fibroblasts, accompanied by induction of an embryonic stem cell (ESC) phenotype.

Hematological malignancies in Ukraine in post-Chernobyl era: sources of data and their preliminary analysis.

The major sources of the data on the hematological malignancies in the post-Chernobyl period in the regions of Ukraine differing by the levels of the residual contamination with radionuclides have been analyzed. According to the data collected from the primary hematological facilities in Ukraine in 2010-2017, the incidence of lymphoid neoplasms from mature B cells, acute myeloid leukemia, and multiple myeloma in the most contaminated regions was higher than in the less contaminated ones. For the first time, the relative contribution of the several specific types of leukemia in the total diagnosed hematological malignancies has been analyzed throughout 1997-2017 based on the in-house database compiled by the Reference Laboratory of RE Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

Comparative Analysis of the Different Dyes' Potential to Assess Human Normal and Cancer Cell Viability under Different / Ratios in a Culture Medium.

In this study, using new approach (laser diffraction + biological dyes), we have demonstrated the decrease of cells viability in the deuterated growth medium, whereas in the deuterium-depleted medium, there was an increase of cell viability. We have also found that not all dyes are equally sensitive to the / ratios in the culture medium (system) as well as to the different cell types (cancer vs normal cells).