Review of Clinically Assessed Molecular Fluorophores for Intraoperative Image Guided Surgery.

The term "fluorescence" was first proposed nearly two centuries ago, yet its application in clinical medicine has a relatively brief history coming to the fore in the past decade. Nowadays, as fluorescence is gradually expanding into more medical applications, fluorescence image-guided surgery has become the new arena for this technology. It allows surgical teams to real-time visualize target tissues or anatomies intraoperatively to increase the precision of resection or preserve vital structures during open or laparoscopic surgeries.

Synergistic Effects of the Combination of Alpelisib (PI3K Inhibitor) and Ribociclib (CDK4/6 Inhibitor) in Preclinical Colorectal Cancer Models.

The CDK4/6 inhibitor Ribociclib has shown limited efficacy as a monotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, combining Ribociclib with targeted therapies could present a viable strategy for treating CRC. This study evaluated the combination of Ribociclib and the PI3K inhibitor Alpelisib across four distinct cell lines representing different mutational statuses ( wild-type, -mutated, -mutated, and -mutated).

The influence of electronic health record design on usability and medication safety: systematic review.

Background: The advantages of electronic health records (EHRs) are well-documented regarding the process of care, enhanced data accessibility and cost savings. However, EHR design can also contribute to usability challenges, with poorly designed EHRs being implicated in user errors including patient overdoses. Our study seeks to evaluate how EHR design influences both usability and medication safety.

A miR-activated hydrogel for the delivery of a pro-chondrogenic microRNA-221 inhibitor as a minimally invasive therapeutic approach for articular cartilage repair.

Articular cartilage has limited capacity for repair (or for regeneration) under pathological conditions, given its non-vascularized connective tissue structure and low cellular density. Our group has successfully developed an injectable hydrogel for cartilage repair, composed of collagen type I (Col I), collagen type II (Col II), and methacrylated-hyaluronic acid (MeHA), capable of supporting chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) towards articular cartilage-like phenotypes. Recent studies have demonstrated that silencing may be an effective approach in promoting improved MSC chondrogenesis.

A Qualitative Exploration of Student Cognition When Answering Text-Only or Image-Based Histology Multiple-Choice Questions.

Unlabelled: Interpretation of images and spatial relationships is essential in medicine, but the evidence base on how to assess these skills is sparse. Thirty medical students were randomized into two groups (A and B), and invited to "think aloud" while completing 14 histology MCQs. All students answered six identical MCQs, three with only text and three requiring image interpretation.

Global, regional, and national burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risks: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

Background: The global burden of metabolic diseases is increasing, but estimates of their impact on primary liver cancer are uncertain. We aimed to assess the global burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risk factors, including high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, between 1990 and 2021.

Methods: The total number and age-standardized rates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from primary liver cancer attributable to each metabolic risk factor were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

Understanding pathways for effective interprofessional education: a thematic analysis of medical and nursing students' insights.

Background: As the healthcare field is undergoing a paradigm shift, the role of interprofessional education (IPE) is being widely accepted and recognized. Despite this, IPE interventions are not employed globally and the use of such interventions is variable. Additionally, there is an ongoing debate over how and when to employ IPE interventions.

Engendered nanoparticles for treatment of brain tumors.

Brain metastasis and primary glioblastoma multiforme represent the most common and lethal malignant brain tumors. Its median survival time is typically less than a year after diagnosis. One of the major challenges in treating these cancers is the efficiency of the transport of drugs to the central nervous system.

Robotic transthoracic approach to ectopic mediastinal parathyroid adenoma: A case report.

Introduction: Ectopic parathyroid adenomas represent an important cause of refractory hyperparathyroidism. While most ectopic mediastinal parathyroid adenomas can be accessed through a transcervical approach, this is not always feasible, posing a significant challenge.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 60-year-old female patient who presented with symptomatic hyperparathyroidism.

The history and development of Irish orthopaedics: a descriptive review.

From'grave diggers' to a 'Trauma System for Ireland', the history of Irish orthopaedics is a unique and fascinating story. This story has developed over decades and centuries, with many late and great surgeons and trainers playing major roles in developing our orthopaedic services nationally, as we know them today. The authors acknowledge that it would be wrong to think that a 1500-word review could provide an in-depth, yet comprehensive, discussion of all topics past and present of celebration, deliberation and further debate, related to orthopaedic surgery in Ireland.

Two-Dimensional Shear Wave Ultrasound Elastography for Monitoring Pediatric Liver Transplantation: A Review of Recent Advances.

Pediatric liver transplantation (PLT) is a life-saving procedure for children with end-stage liver disease. However, post-transplant monitoring, particularly the diagnosis and prognosis of complications such as allograft fibrosis, remains challenging. Traditionally, liver biopsy has been the gold standard for assessing allograft fibrosis, despite its invasive nature and inherent procedural risks.

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Background: Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance in Ireland and globally. It is most likely to be used in adolescence, a period of biopsychosocial vulnerability to maladaptive behaviours. This study aims to investigate the risk and protective factors for cannabis use among adolescents.

Experience and attitudes in relation to telepsychiatry use among non-consultant doctors.

Introduction: In order to minimise physical interaction during the COVID-19 pandemic, telepsychiatry became a key part of clinical practice for many psychiatrists.

Methods: This study involved an exploratory, cross-sectional, opt-in online survey circulated to non-consultant doctors in psychiatry working in Ireland. It assessed experience and attitudes in relation to telepsychiatry use.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Implementation and Adoption of a Virtual Fracture Clinic Pathway: A Closed Loop Audit.

Introduction: Trauma and orthopedics departments have traditionally used face-to-face (FTF) fracture clinics for non-operative fractures. Developed in 2011, the virtual fracture clinic (VFC) was fully implemented at an institution during the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce in-person interactions.

Aims: First, the study aims to measure the percentage of non-operative patients triaged through the VFC when this was optional and re-audit after implementing a COVID-19-related policy change mandating VFC triage.

Comparing and assessing physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines for different populations with and without chronic conditions and/or disabilities: a systematic review protocol.

Physical activity guidelines targeting different populations with and without chronic diseases or disabilities are required to meet the diverse functional and physiological needs experienced by different subgroups of people to achieve optimal health benefits. As the importance of physical activity guidelines in promoting optimal health and well-being becomes increasingly recognised, there is a critical need for their systematic evaluation to ensure they remain effective, applicable and aligned with evolving health needs and scientific insights. This study aims to systematically review, critically evaluate, and compare global physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines on frequency, intensity, time, and type of exercise for adults, pregnant and postpartum women, and people living with chronic conditions and/or disabilities.

Effects of ALS-associated 5'tiRNA on the transcriptomic and proteomic profile of primary neurons in vitro.

tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs) are a new class of small non-coding RNA that have emerged as important regulators of cellular stress responses. tiRNAs are derived from specific tRNA cleavage by the stress-induced ribonuclease angiogenin (ANG). Loss-of-function mutations in the ANG gene are linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and elevated levels of specific tiRNAs were recently identified in ALS patient serum samples.

The effectiveness of digital tools to maintain physical activity among people with a long-term condition(s): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Given the well-accepted health benefits, it is important to identify scalable ways to support people with long-term conditions (LTCs) to remain physically active. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of digital tools on the maintenance of physical activity (PA) amongst this population.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled trials investigating the effect of digital tools on PA maintenance at least three months post-intervention compared with a non-digital control in participants with long-term conditions.