[Morphochemical analysis of hippocampus of rats predisposed (August) or resistant (Wistar) to emotional stress].

The aim of this work was the comparative cytochemical study of some parameters of neurotransmitter and protein metabolism in the hippocampus (CA3 field) of August and Wistar rats, which were used as genetic-functional models demonstrating different brain organization, in particular, in respect to an emotional stress. Using quantitative cytochemical methods it was demonstrated that the activities of aminopeptidase, monoaminooxidase (substrates--tryptamine and serotonin), and glutamate dehydrogenase, were lower in the hippocampus of August rats (predisposed to emotional stress) as compared to that one in Wistar rats (resistant to emotional stress). August rats were also characterized by smaller sizes of neuronal cytoplasm and nuclei and by their lower protein content and concentration.

[Quantitative parameters of structural asymmetry of auditory cortex area 41 and 21 in the human brain].

The aim of this work was to give a quantitative characteristic of cytoarchitectonic peculiarities of cortical areas 41 and 22 in the left and right hemispheres of human brain. 20 mm thick frontal brain sections of 10 right-handed adult persons aged 29-59 stained by Nissl's crezyl-violet method were studied. The following quantitative parameters determined included area volume, cortical thickness and neuron profile area.

[NADPH-diaphorase positive cells of the human thalamic nuclei and internal capsule].

Isolated NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d)-positive neurons were demonstrated in the nuclei of human dorsal thalamus and nucleus reticularis. Staining of NADPH-d-positive neurons with all their processes and preceding study of neurons of dorsal thalamus using Golgi method enabled the identification of their types and their determination as sparsely-branched cells. Main types of efferent densely-branched neurons had no demonstrable NADPH-d activity.

[Structure of the brain sensomotor cortex in offspring of rats exposed to alcohol].

The purpose of the present study was to examine the development of sensomotor brain cortex structures in progeny of male and female rats chronically intoxicated by alcohol. Using the methods of light and electron microscopy and morphometry, the peculiarities of sensomotor cortex cytoarchitectonics, structure on neurons and of their dendrites were studied in rats aged 21 and 30 days, which belong to the progeny of chronically alcoholized male and female animals. Three categories of morphological changes were recognized: the signs indicative of a delay in the neuronal and dendritic maturation, their destructive changes and the repair phenomena, which possess their individual dynamics in postnatal ontogenesis.

[Structural and functional organization of the cerebral cortex neurons in rats with various resistance to emotional stress following administration of delta-sleep-inducing peptide].

In Wistar rats with different resistance to emotional stress (ES), subjected to stress exposure (SE), the structural organization of neurons in layer V of sensomotor cortex was studied quantitatively in brain sections stained using Nissl's cresyl violet method. One group of animals was injected with delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) 1 hr before SE. In rats of control group predisposed to ES, the amount of normochromatic and moderately hypochromatic neurons was decreased as compared to the rats resistant to ES.

[Variability of the structure of area 39 of inferior parietal cortex in the left and right hemispheres of adult human brain].

The cytoarchitecture of area 39 of inferior parietal cortex region in the left and right cerebral hemispheres was studied in usual individuals and in professionally gifted world-famed people. The series of frontal sections, stained using Nissl cresyl violet method, were examined. The profile areas of neurons in cortical layers III and V were measured and their distributions were analyzed.

[Peculiarities of the structure of the speech-motor cortex of the brain frontal lobe in a deaf-mute child].

The aim of present investigation was the study of the cytoarchitecture of the motor-speech areas 44 and 45 of the brain cortex of a 4-year-old deaf-mute child. We have also compared cytoarchitecture of the motor-speech zone of the brain cortex in a deaf-mute child with the same brain region in a normal child of a similar age. Series of 20 mm-thick frontal sections stained with cresyl violet were studied using morphometric methods.

[Ischemic injury of the ultrastructure of neurons in organotypic hippocampal tissue culture].

An ultrastructural study of organotypic hippocampal explants subjected to the effect of ischemia for 30 min followed by a period of reoxygenation lasting for 20-24 hours, was performed. The data obtained indicate that ischemic injury of area CA1 neurons develops mainly as a necrosis. In addition, some neurons along with necrotic changes, demonstrate some signs of apoptosis, suggesting that the execution of its program may accompany these changes, thus leading the cells to the state of so-called apoptotic-necrotic continuum.

[Neuronal organization of human ventral anterior and ventral lateral thalamic nuclei].

Neuronal composition was studied in two human thalamic nuclei--nucleus ventralis anterior and nucleus ventralis lateralis using serial horizontal and frontal sections stained using Kluver-Barrera and Golgi silver impregnation methods. It was found that the number of neuronal types, composing the nuclei (equal to eight) is greater than previously reported. Proposed neuronal classification based on the characteristics of their processes, in comparison with a similar study performed in dogs (pups) permitted to distinguish two types of neurons--long-axon and short-axon.