Machine Learning Predictive Model as Clinical Decision Support System in Orthodontic Treatment Planning.

Diagnosis and treatment planning forms the crux of orthodontics, which orthodontists gain with years of expertise. Machine Learning (ML), having the ability to learn by pattern recognition, can gain this expertise in a very short duration, ensuring reduced error, inter-intra clinician variability and good accuracy. Thus, the aim of this study was to construct an ML predictive model to predict a broader outline of the orthodontic diagnosis and treatment plan.

Impact of scaling and root planing on salivary and serum plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in patients with periodontitis with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is significantly enhanced in insulin resistance and inflammation and ascribed as a proinflammatory marker. This study aimed to compare and correlate salivary and serum PAI-1 and alpha 2-macroglobulin (α2MG) in patients with periodontitis with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and also appraise the consequence of periodontal treatment on these biomarkers.

Methods: Sixty subjects enlisted were split into two groups; Group 1 consisted of 30 systemically healthy subjects with Stage II and III, generalized, Grade B, C periodontitis while Group 2 consisted of 30 patients with periodontitis and well-controlled T2DM (PDM).

Analysing adipokine Omentin-1 in periodontal disease and type-2 diabetes mellitus: An interventional comparative study.

Background And Objective: Omentin-1 is an anti-inflammatory adipokine associated with metabolic disorders including insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetes is a crucial systemic risk factor for occurrence of periodontitis. Periodontitis is deliberated as a complication of diabetes.

Minimally invasive procedures for the recognition and diagnosis of oral precancer and cancer.

Oral cancer represents a blend of genetic and epigenetic instability. Many a times, oral cancer occurs in the background of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which could be easily detected and diagnosed. Various diagnostic aids have been explored for early detection of oral cancer.

Advanced diagnostic aids for oral cancer.

Oral cancer, a universal malady, has become a stumbling block over the years due to its significant morbidity and mortality rates. The greater morbidity associated with this deadly disease is attributed to delay in its diagnosis / its presentation in advanced stage. Being multifactorial, Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the outcome of genetic and epigenetic instability.

Intra-observer and inter-observer variability in two grading systems for oral epithelial dysplasia: A multi-centre study in India.

Background: The presence and grading of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) are considered the gold standard for predicting the malignant risk of oral potentially malignant disorders. However, inter-observer and intra-observer agreement in the context of reporting on OED grading has been reputedly considered unreliable.

Methods: We undertook a multi-centre study of six Indian oral pathologists to assess variations in reporting OED using the World Health Organization (WHO; 2005) system and also the recently introduced binary system.

Antimicrobial efficacy of nanosilver and chitosan against , as an ingredient of toothpaste formulation: An study.

Context: Dental caries is the most prevalent oral infection affecting the humankind worldwide, and Streptococcus mutans is the major microrganism involved in its pathology. Mechanical plaque control in children is not performed efficiently and thus necessitates the inclusion of certain antimicrobial agents in the toothpaste.

Aim: To analyze the antibacterial efficacy of nanosilver, chitosan, and fluoride as an ingredient in the dentifrices against S.

Detection of salivary heat shock protein 27 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its correlation with histopathology of oral leukoplakia.

Context: Salivary analytes may be used as biomarkers for translational and clinical applications. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are ubiquitous, highly conserved proteins found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic species. Hsp27, a low molecular weight protein, may act as a salivary biomarker.

Effectiveness of Platelet Rich Plasma and Bone Graft in the Treatment of Intrabony Defects: A Clinico-radiographic Study.

Background & Objectives: Periodontal disease is characterized by the presence of gingival inflammation, periodontal pocket formation, loss of connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone around the affected tooth. Different modalities have been employed in the treatment and regeneration of periodontal defects which include the use of bone grafts, PRP and other growth factors.The purpose of this prospective, randomized controlled study was to compare the regenerative efficacy of PRP and bonegraft in intrabony periodontal defects.

Role of areca nut induced JNK/ATF2/Jun axis in the activation of TGF-β pathway in precancerous Oral Submucous Fibrosis.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is potentially premalignant with progressive and irreversible extracellular matrix deposition accompanied by epithelial atrophy and like other fibrotic disorders, is primarily a TGF-β driven disease. OSF is caused by prolonged chewing of areca nut. Our previous studies reported a pivotal role for TGF-β activation and its effects contributing to OSF.

Role of tissue eosinophils in oral Leukoplakia: A pilot study.

Context: Tissue eosinophilia in oral squamous cell carcinoma has been well - recognized. Studies have reported both favorable and unfavorable prognoses associated with tissue eosinophils in oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, the role of eosinophils in the development of tumor is still unclear.

Quantitative Evaluation of Tumour--Associated Tissue Eosinophilia and Cyclo-oxegenase-2 Gene in Oral Cancer Patients with Assessment of Long Term Outcomes.

Various histopathological parameters have been extensively studied for prognostication of oral cancer but the focus is now getting diverted towards the role of inflammatory mediators in cancer progression. The present study was undertaken to evaluate two such components of the inflammatory milieu, tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) as well as Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression, quantitatively in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients in relation to treatment outcomes and patterns of recurrence. A total of forty five patients with primary OSCC matching our inclusion criteria were selected for the study and followed up over a five year period.

A Nonsyndromic Autosomal Dominant Oligodontia with A Novel Mutation of PAX9-A Clinical and Genetic Report.

Oligodontia is congenital absence of one or more teeth which has familial abnormality and attributable to various mutations or polymorphisms of genes often associated with malformative syndromes. The present case reports a rare case of non syndromic oligodontia in an 8-year-old girl with missing 14 permanent teeth excluding third molars in mixed dentition. It is a rare finding which has not been frequently documented in Indian children.

Epithelial atrophy in oral submucous fibrosis is mediated by copper (II) and arecoline of areca nut.

Exposure of oral cavity to areca nut is associated with several pathological conditions including oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Histopathologically OSF is characterized by epithelial atrophy, chronic inflammation, juxtaepithelial hyalinization, leading to fibrosis of submucosal tissue and affects 0.5% of the population in the Indian subcontinent.

Ophthalmic Complication Following Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve Block for Tooth Extraction! A Rare Occurrence.

One of the most commonly asked question by a patient who comes for extraction especially in the rural areas is whether the procedure will cause problems to the eye!! In reality however, ophthalmic complications following routine maxillary molar extractions are practically unheard of. When they occur they can be extremely unnerving not just to the patient but also to the surgeon. Patients generally panic which makes it tougher for the clinician to assess the situation.

Role of Areca Nut Induced TGF-β and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interaction in the Pathogenesis of Oral Submucous Fibrosis.

Areca nut consumption has been implicated in the progression of Oral Submucous fibrosis (OSF); an inflammatory precancerous fibrotic condition. Our previous studies have demonstrated the activation of TGF-β signaling in epithelial cells by areca nut components and also propose a role for epithelial expressed TGF-β in the pathogenesis of OSF. Although the importance of epithelial cells in the manifestation of OSF has been proposed, the actual effectors are fibroblast cells.

Comparative evaluation of a new endodontic irrigant - mixture of a tetracycline isomer, an Acid, and a detergent to remove the intracanal smear layer: a scanning electron microscopic study.

Background: The most important and demanding aspect of endodontic therapy is considered to be cleaning and shaping. Irrigation is considered a vital adjunct to instrumentation of the root canal for canal debridement. Until date, there is no single solution that simultaneously removes the smear layer and disinfects the entire root canal system.

Cone beam computed tomography evaluation of the diagnosis, treatment planning, and long-term followup of large periapical lesions treated by endodontic surgery: two case reports.

The aim of this case report is to present two cases where cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used for the diagnosis, treatment planning, and followup of large periapical lesions in relation to maxillary anterior teeth treated by endodontic surgery. Periapical disease may be detected sooner using CBCT, and their true size, extent, nature, and position can be assessed. It allows clinician to select the most relevant views of the area of interest resulting in improved detection of periapical lesions.

Cone beam computed tomography evaluation of the periapical status of nonvital tooth with open apex obturated with mineral trioxide aggregate: a case report.

Management of a tooth with open apex is a challenge to the dental practitioners. Evaluation of the periapical healing is required in such cases by radiographic techniques. The objective of this paper was to assess the healing of a periapical lesion in a non-vital tooth with open apex treated with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) obturation using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Combined orthodontic and surgical correction of an adolescent patient with thin palatal cortex and vertical maxillary excess.

This paper describes the treatment of a male patient aged 14 years who presented with a skeletal class I, vertical maxillary excess, marked increase in overjet, thin palatal cortex and a gummy smile. Considering the severity of his malocclusion and its impact severity on his psychosocial well being, he was managed with a combined approach of Fixed Orthodontic therapy and Orthognathic surgery, even though his growth was not complete. Records of Pre treatment, Post treatment and three years in retention were analyzed and the functional and esthetic results were found to be fairly stable.

Neuro-navigation: An Adjunct in Craniofacial Surgeries: Our Experience.

Purpose: Due to the destruction of osseous landmarks of the skull base or paranasal sinuses, the anatomical orientation during surgery of frontobasal or clival tumors with (para) nasal extension is often challenging. In this relation, Neuro-navigation guidance might be a useful tool. Here, we explored the use of Neuro-navigation in an interdisciplinary setting.

Perceived sources of stress amongst final year dental under graduate students in a dental teaching institution at Bangalore, India: a cross sectional study.

Background: Dental schools are known to be highly demanding and stressful learning environments. Dentistry involves an acquisition of required academic, clinical and interpersonal skills during the course of learning. Practicing dentistry requires clinical skills and patient management skills, which also add to the stress perceived by the students.

Bilateral adenomatoid odontogenic tumour of the maxilla in a 2-year-old female--the report of a rare case and review of the literature.

Multifocal odontogenic lesions are uncommon and have only been observed in conditions associated with known genetic mutations. To the best of our knowledge, only two cases of multifocal adenomatoid odontogenic tumours (AOT) have previously been reported in the literature. In this study, we report the first case of a bilateral, separate AOT in the maxilla in the midline in a 2-year-old female.