Recent Progress in Oxygen Reduction Reaction Toward Hydrogen Peroxide Electrosynthesis and Cooperative Coupling of Anodic Reactions.

Electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (HO) via two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e ORR) is a promising alternative to the anthraquinone oxidation process. To improve the overall energy efficiency and economic viability of this catalytic process, one pathway is to develop advanced catalysts to decrease the overpotential at the cathode, and the other is to couple 2e ORR with certain anodic reactions to decrease the full cell voltage while producing valuable chemicals on both electrodes. The catalytic performance of a 2e ORR catalyst depends not only on the material itself but also on the environmental factors.

Mixed-Valence Coordination Strategy Creating Ordered Ternary Ultrasmall Homo-/Hetero-structures Driven by Lattice Match for Advanced Photochromism and Encryption Applications.

Overcoming the challenges of integrating disparate components in nanoarchitectures, this study introduces a straightforward strategy based on a mixed-valence coordination approach, creating an ordered ternary heterostructure integrated with ultrasmall homojunction. This singular ordered homojunction-heterostructure unites ultrathin 1D rutile TiO nanowires (NWs) and ultrathin anatase TiO NWs with 0D Prussian Blue Analogs (PBAs) nanoparticles (NPs), all exhibiting crystallographic oriented alignment with each other, forming a ternary mesocrystals. Experimental and theoretical insights disclose that the complex interplay between these dissimilar components is governed by a spontaneous lattice match effect, which not only optimizes but also directs the charge transfer, thereby enhancing both efficiency and stability.

Tuning Transition Metal 3d Spin state on Single-atom Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO Reduction.

Tuning transition metal spin states potentially offers a powerful means to control electrocatalyst activity. However, implementing such a strategy in electrochemical CO reduction (COR) is challenging since rational design rules have yet to be elucidated. Here we show how the addition of P dopants to a ferromagnetic element (Fe, Co, and Ni) single-atom catalyst (SAC) can shift its spin state.

Surface Nonbonding Oxygen State Regulation for Reversible Anionic Redox Chemistry in Li-rich Mn-based Layered Oxides.

Activated by the Li-O-Li configuration with nonbonding O2p state (lO2p), anionic redox reaction (ARR) in Li-rich layered oxides (LLOs) contributes to additional capacity but exhibits significant irreversibility, leading to severe surface oxygen loss. Herein, surface nonbonding oxygen state (SNBOS) is regulated by the integrated surface structure engineering to suppress surface oxygen loss and enhance the reversibility of ARR. On the outermost layer, the conversion of layered structure into a LiLaO2 layer and spinel phase structure eliminates lO2p, thereby preventing the activation of ARR and suppressing side reaction between electrolyte and oxidized oxygen ions.

Isolation and structural determination of natural products bearing tetrahydrogenated isoprenoid side-chains at their ω-termini.

Hydrogenated isoprenoids are found in a range of biologically important natural products, such as isoprenoid quinones, chlorophyll, vitamin E, and dolichol. In this study, a new method was developed for determining the chirality of the tetrahydrogenated isoprenoid (THI) structures of two natural products, namely heptaprenylcycli-14,18-diene and (22,5,9,13,17)-6,10,14,18,22,26-hexamethylheptacosa-5,9,13,17-tetraen-2-one, for which the chiral carbon centres have never been elucidated. Our research group previously isolated the former sesquarterpene from , while the latter was isolated as a new polyprenyl acetone from in the current study.

Rationalizing high-entropy catalytic self-Fenton pollutant degradation from an effective porous piezoelectric composite film.

As an emerging catalytic strategy, heterogeneous Piezo-Self-Fenton (EPSF) has demonstrated significant potential in fields such as environmental remediation and biomedicine in recent years. However, the catalytic reactions in this process are complex and diverse, and the understanding of high-entropy catalytic systems remains limited. In this study, we constructed a series of iron-based EPSF materials by incorporating various types of iron sources into MgO@rGO/PVDF-HFP composite piezoelectric films.

Combination autologous stem cell transplantation with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for refractory/relapsed B-cell lymphoma: a single-arm clinical study.

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T) have been used as consolidation therapies for patients with refractory/relapsed B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (R/R B-NHL) in remission after second-line chemotherapy or salvage therapy. However, patients with different pathological subtypes and remission states may benefit differently from ASCT or CAR-T cell therapy. Furthermore, consolidation treatment involving ASCT or CAR-T cells still poses a significant risk of disease relapse.

Scaling relations of CO hydrogenation and dissociation on single metal atom doped InO catalysts with promoted oxygen vacancy sites.

In this work, we conducted a computational study on single atom doped InO catalysts with 12 transition metals (Fe-Cu, Ru-Ag, Os-Au) through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, by investigating the dissociation of H, and the dissociation and hydrogenation of CO. From the thermodynamic-kinetic scaling relationships such as Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi (BEP) and transition-state scaling (TSS) relations, we establish the descriptors for the energy barriers and improve our understanding of the synergistic catalytic effect of oxygen vacancies and single atoms. We find that the adsorption energy of the H adatom on the perfect surface can serve as an effective descriptor for the dissociation energy barrier of H on this surface, and the formation energy of the oxygen vacancy can serve as an effective descriptor for the energy barrier of CO hydrogenation to HCOO as well as the energy barrier of CO direct dissociation.

Induction of translation-suppressive G3BP1 stress granules and interferon-signaling cGAS condensates by transfected plasmid DNA.

Plasmid DNA transfection is one of the fundamental tools of biomedical research. Here, we found that plasmid DNA transfection mediated by liposomes activates multiple innate immune responses in several widely used cell lines. Their activations were visible by detection of stress granules (SG) and cGAS-DNA condensates (cGC) in the transfected cells in a plasmid DNA dose-dependent manner.

Effectiveness of Switching from Multiple-Inhaler to Once-Daily Single-Inhaler Triple Therapy in Patients with COPD in a Real-World Setting in Japan.

Purpose: Following the relatively recent introduction of single-inhaler triple therapies in Japan, this study compared the effectiveness of switching from multiple-inhaler triple therapy (MITT) to once-daily fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) by investigating COPD exacerbations and adherence among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Japan.

Methods: This retrospective, pre-post cohort study using the Medical Data Vision Co. Ltd database identified patients with ≥1 inpatient diagnosis and/or ≥2 outpatient diagnoses of COPD at age ≥40 years prior to the index date (first/earliest date of single-inhaler FF/UMEC/VI initiation from May 1, 2019-February 28, 2022, following a switch from MITT).

Threshold uncertainty, early warning signals and the prevention of dangerous climate change.

The goal of the Paris Agreement is to keep global temperature rise well below 2°C. In this agreement-and its antecedents negotiated in Copenhagen and Cancun-the fear of crossing a dangerous climate threshold is supposed to serve as the catalyst for cooperation among countries. However, there are deep uncertainties about the location of the threshold for dangerous climate change, and recent evidence indicates this threshold uncertainty is a major impediment to collective action.

The world's oldest cerapodan ornithischian dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Morocco.

The cerapodan dinosaurs were an ornithischian clade that achieved a global distribution in the Cretaceous Period. The ichnological record suggests that these dinosaurs had evolved by the Middle Jurassic, but only a single cerapodan body fossil, an isolated femur from the Callovian of the UK, is known from this interval. In order to elucidate the early stages of cerapodan evolution and help to resolve the many phylogenetic inconsistencies in the clade, new specimens, particularly from historically undersampled localities, are needed.

KAN-EEG: towards replacing backbone-MLP for an effective seizure detection system.

The landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) research is witnessing a transformative shift with the emergence of the Kolmogorov-Arnold network (KAN), presenting a novel architectural paradigm aimed to redefine the structural foundations of AI models, which are based on multilayer perceptron (MLP). Through rigorous experimentation and evaluation, we introduce the KAN-electroencephalogram (EEG) model, a tailored design for efficient seizure detection. Our proposed network is tested and successfully generalized on three different datasets, one from the USA, one from Europe, and one from Oceania, recorded with different front-end hardware.

Preparation and formation mechanism study of the long-term stable foamed sodium carboxymethyl cellulose loaded material.

A foamed sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) material was prepared under nitric acid conditions. Unlike traditional CMC materials, this foaming method is straightforward and does not require additional foaming agents. Owing to its high stability and load capacity, the foam can realize long-term quantitative storage and load a variety of metal ions; therefore, it has broad application prospects in the field of loaded materials for metal ions.

Beyond perfect synchrony: shared interpersonal rhythmic timing enhances self-other merging judgements.

Perfect synchrony is highly prosocial, yet interpersonal rhythms globally exhibit rich variation. In two online experiments, we tested the effect of varying interpersonal rhythms on self-other merging. First, we hypothesized that shared temporal features, acting as attentional frameworks to track and integrate self-other actions, would drive combined representations.

Effect of graphene sheets on the physico-chemical properties of nanocrystallite ceria.

Currently, replacing expensive and short-lived materials for supercapacitors based on RuO with more cost-effective and high-performance materials that remain operational after a large number of cycles is a challenge. Cerium-based materials are the most attractive alternative because of cerium's ability to quickly change oxidation state. This work proposes the synthesis of nanostructured graphene-ceria composite and studies its morphological features arising under the impact of oxygen-free graphene.

Perceived value of video games, but not hours played, predicts mental well-being in casual adult Nintendo players.

Studies on video games and well-being often rely on self-report measures or data from a single game. Here, we study how 703 casually engaged US adults' time spent playing for over 140 000 h across 150 Nintendo Switch games relates to their life satisfaction, affect, depressive symptoms and general mental well-being. We replicate previous findings that playtime over the past two weeks does not predict well-being, and extend these findings to a wider range of timescales (1 h to 1 year).

Medical image classification by incorporating clinical variables and learned features.

Medical image classification plays an important role in medical imaging. In this work, we present a novel approach to enhance deep learning models in medical image classification by incorporating clinical variables without overwhelming the information. Unlike most existing deep neural network models that only consider single-pixel information, our method captures a more comprehensive view.

Collective escape waves provide a generic defence against different avian predators.

In many animal species, collective behaviours can be explained by a simple set of interaction rules. It is an intriguing question whether this generality at the level of mechanism also translates into generality at the level of function. Assuming that collective behaviour provides antipredator benefits for the partaking individuals, we ask whether the same collective behaviour provides protection against different predators in general.

δN and δC cycles in narwhal () embedded teeth reveal seasonal variation in ecology and/or physiology.

Monitoring Arctic marine mammals in response to rapid climate change requires reliable longitudinal data. To obtain such data is challenging, but sequential measurements of stable isotopes (SI) from metabolically inert tissues like dentine allow for chronological reconstruction of SI data that can provide insights into whale life history, behaviour and physiology. This study examined dentine samples from narwhal embedded canines to reconstruct individual SI profiles and assess intra-annual variation in δN and δC.

Coordination in strictly metric-free swarms: evidence for the existence of biological diversity.

Coordination serves as a crucial metric for analysing collective behaviour in complex systems. Given the prevalence of biological diversity, this study re-evaluated the coordination issue in strictly metric-free (SMF) swarms, incorporating both limited perceptual ranges and hierarchical dynamics. Initially, the study introduced a single-layer hierarchical SMF model that was optimized using differential evolution strategies.

Real-time organ perfusion monitoring of human kidney transplants using normothermic perfusion and reflectance spectroscopy.

Transplantation is the standard treatment for end-stage kidney disease but carries with it a non-trivial risk of post-operative complication. There is a need for a continuous, real-time, not additionally invasive method of monitoring organ perfusion. We present an approach to allograft perfusion monitoring using a human kidney model using normothermic perfusion (EVNP) and custom spectroscopic optical reflectance probes.

Eyebrow movements as signals of communicative problems in human face-to-face interaction.

Repair is a core building block of human communication, allowing us to address problems of understanding in conversation. Past research has uncovered the basic mechanisms by which interactants signal and solve such problems. However, the focus has been on verbal interaction, neglecting the fact that human communication is inherently multimodal.

Comparison of the behaviour of pro-oxidant additive containing plastic degradation in the unmanaged natural environment and in the laboratory.

Pro-oxidant additive containing (PAC) plastics are designed to degrade in the unmanaged natural environment through oxidation and biological processes. In 2020, the British Standard Institution published the PAS 9017:2020 standard designed to ensure that PAC plastic tested under a specific set of protocols would successfully biodegrade in the environment. In this article, we compare the outcomes of laboratory tests carried out according to PAS 9017:2020 with field tests in an open unmanaged environment in the UK over 24 months.

Up IGF-I via high-toughness adaptive hydrogels for remodeling growth plate of children.

The growth plate is crucial for skeletal growth in children, but research on repairing growth plate damage and restoring growth is limited. Here, a high-toughness adaptive dual-crosslinked hydrogel is designed to mimic the growth plate's structure, supporting regeneration and bone growth. Composed of aldehyde-modified bacterial cellulose (DBNC), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) and sodium alginate (Alg), the hydrogel is engineered through ionic bonding and Schiff base reactions, creating a macroporous structure.