Electrosynthesis of Atomically Precise Au Nanoclusters.

Innovation in synthesis methodologies is crucial for advancing the discovery of new materials. This work reports the electrosynthesis of a [Au(4-BuPhC≡C)(Dppe)]Cl nanocluster (Au NC) protected by alkynyl and phosphine ligands. From simple precursor, HAuCl and ligands, the whole synthesis is driven by a constant potential in single electrolytic cell.

Genome-Wide Association Studies Reveal the Genetic Architecture of Ionomic Variation in Grains of Tartary Buckwheat.

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is esteemed as a medicinal crop due to its high nutritional and health value. However, the genetic basis for the variations in Tartary buckwheat grain ionome remains inadequately understood. Through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on grain ionome, 52 genetic loci are identified associated with 10 elements undergoing selection.

iBCS: 4. Application of the Inhalation Biopharmaceutics Classification System to the Development of Orally Inhaled Drug Products.

This is the fourth paper in a series describing an inhalation biopharmaceutics classification system (iBCS), an initiative supported by the Product Quality Research Institute. The paper examines the application of the inhalation Biopharmaceutics Classification System (iBCS) through the drug discovery, development, and postapproval phases for orally inhaled drug products (OIDP) and for the development of generic OIDPs. We consider the implication of the iBCS class in terms of product performance and identify the practical gaps that must be filled to enable the classification system to be adopted into day-to-day practice.

Influence of organic mulches and soil properties on the phenolic profile of leaves, canes and grape skins in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.).

Background: Applying organic amendments to vineyard soil improves soil properties and vine development by increasing soil water retention and nutrient content. However, little is known about how organic mulches modify grapevine phenolic composition. This study analysed the phenolic profile in the leaves, canes, and grape skins of Tempranillo over 3 years in two vineyard locations with three organic mulches: spent mushroom compost (SMC), grapevine pruning debris (GPD) and straw (STR), as well as two conventional soil practices: herbicide (HERB) and tillage (TILL).

Spermidine alleviates copper-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and cuproptosis in the liver.

Copper exposure poses potential detrimental effects on both public and ecosystem health. Spermidine, an antioxidant, has shown promise in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation within the liver. However, its specific role in mitigating copper-induced hepatic cuproptosis and disturbances in copper metabolism remains unexplored.

Updated Insights Into the Mechanism of Salt-Induced Aggregation-Based Single-Molecule Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

Since its discovery in 1997, the single molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SM-SERS) has attracted wide interest owing to its enormous potential in many fields. However, the commercialized applications of SM-SERS are still limited by the lack of a clear understanding of the relevant mechanism in the famous SM-SERS experiments. In this study, a salt-gradient model is proposed to deeply investigate the physical nature and update insights into the morphological, structural, and component evolution processes of Ag NPs from dispersed nanostructures to aggregation states in the salt-induced aggregation SERS strategy.

Availability, Participation, and Interest in Workplace Wellness Programs for Head Start Educators.

Head Start (HS) is the largest federally funded early childhood education program in the United States. It prepares children socially, emotionally, and academically and sets the foundation for school readiness and academic success. In 2024, the Head Start Program Performance Standards were updated to provide enhanced support and workforce stability, including improvements in health and wellness.

Medication experiences in the treatment of opioid use disorders: Insights from Reddit.

Background And Aims: Better understanding the challenges faced by patients on medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), including methadone and buprenorphine, is critical to increasing their use/retention. Social media platforms such as Reddit offer a space for patients to share their experiences with medications. We aimed to identify and characterize challenges faced by patients taking MOUD through analysis of discussions from the r/Methadone and r/suboxone subreddits.

Lithium Bond-Mediated Molecular Cascade Hydrogel for Injury-Free and Repositionable Adhesive Bioelectronic Interfaces.

Flexible bioelectronic interfaces with adhesive properties are essential for advancing modern medicine and human-machine interactions. However, achieving both stable adhesion and non-damaging detachment remains a significant challenge. In this study, a lithium bond-mediated molecular cascade hydrogel (LMCH) for bioelectronic interfaces is designed, which facilitates robust adhesion at the tissue level and permits atraumatic detachment for repositioning as required.

Carboxyl-CNTs Act as "Defensive Shield" to Boost Proton Insertion for Stable and Fast-Charging Aqueous Zn-Mn Batteries.

Proton insertion mechanism with fast reaction kinetics is attracting more and more attention for high-rate and durable aqueous Zn─MnO batteries. However, hydrated Zn insertion reaction accompanied with Jahn-Teller effect and Mn disproportionation generally leads to sluggish rate capability and irreversible structure transformation. Here, carboxyl-carbon nanotubes supported α-MnO nanoarrays (C─MnO) cathode is successfully fabricated by a convent grinding process for high-performance Zn batteries.

March2 Alleviates Aortic Aneurysm/Dissection by Regulating PKM2 Polymerization.

Background: Aortic aneurysm/dissection (AAD) is a life-threatening disease lacking effective pharmacological treatment. Protein ubiquitination plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular diseases. However, the possible contribution of the E3 ubiquitin ligase March2 (membrane-associated RING finger protein 2) to the cause of AAD remains elusive.

Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Vein Remodeling.

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) plays a crucial, yet underexplored, role in vein remodeling, which occurs after bypass surgery using a venous graft or creation of arteriovenous fistulae for hemodialysis access. PVAT exhibits significant heterogeneity in phenotype and tissue composition depending on the vascular bed, as well as its anatomic location within the vasculature. Through the excretion of adipokines, cytokines, and chemokines, PVAT can shape the vascular response to local and systemic perturbations.

Murine Aortic Valve Cell Heterogeneity at Birth.

Background: Heart valve function requires a highly organized ECM (extracellular matrix) network that provides the necessary biomechanical properties needed to withstand pressure changes during each cardiac cycle. Lay down of the valve ECM begins during embryogenesis and continues throughout postnatal stages when it is remodeled into stratified layers and arranged according to blood flow. Alterations in this process can lead to dysfunction and, if left untreated, heart failure.

Differences in Pulmonary Artery Stiffness Measured by CMR in Preterm-Born Young Adults With and Without Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Background: Very preterm-born infants are at risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease. Nowadays, the majority of these infants reach adulthood. Very preterm-born young adults are at risk for developing pulmonary arterial (PA) hypertension later in life.

Cascade-Responsive Nanoprodrug Disrupts Immune-Fibroblast Communications for Potentiated Cancer Mechanoimmunotherapy.

The abnormal tumor mechanical microenvironment due to specific cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) subset and low tumor immunogenicity caused by inefficient conversion of active chemotherapeutic agents are two key obstacles that impede patients with desmoplastic tumors from achieving stable and complete immune responses. Herein, it is demonstrated that FAP-αCAFs-induced stromal stiffness accelerated tumor progression by precluding cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Subsequently, a cascade-responsive nanoprodrug capable of re-educating FAP-αCAFs and amplifying tumor immunogenicity for potentiated cancer mechanoimmunotherapy is ingeniously designed.

Heteroatom Introduction and Electrochemical Reconstruction on Heterostructured Co-Based Electrocatalysts for Hydrogenation of Quinolines.

Electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) of quinoline provides an eco-friendly and prospective route to achieve the highly value-added generation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ). Co element has been proven to be the efficient catalytic site for ECH of quinoline, but the rational regulation of the electronic structure of active Co site to improve the activity is still a challenge. Herein, the hierarchical core-shell structure consisting of NiCo-MOF nanosheets encapsulated Cu(OH) nanorods (Cu(OH)@CoNi-MOF) is constructed.

Nanofibrous Hydrogel with Highly Salt-Resistant Radial/Vertical-Combined Structure for Efficient Solar Interfacial Evaporation.

Hydrogel-based solar interfacial evaporators, featuring various channels such as random, unidirectional, and radial array, are considered effective for seawater desalination owing to their porous structure, lower evaporation enthalpy, and controllable water transport capacity. However, each individual array structure has its own strengths and limitations, influencing water transportation, thermal management, and salt rejection. By combining the benefits of each array configuration into a single evaporator, the evaporation performance can be maximized.

Impact of geo-climatic factors on the prevalence and diversity of tick fauna in Achai cattle of the northern Hindukush Mountains, Khyber pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Background: Ticks are blood-feeding ectoparasites that can transmit different diseases in livestock and humans. Globally, 994 tick species are recognized, belonging to three families, that is, Argasidae (220 species), Ixodidae (773 species) and Nuttalliellidae (one species). The current study investigated the impact of geo-climatic conditions on the prevalence and distribution of ticks in Achai cattle of the northern Hindukush Mountains of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Dual-Carriers of Tartary Buckwheat-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles Synergistically Regulate Glucose Metabolism in the Intestine-Liver Axis.

The utilization of plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (ELNs) as nanocarriers for oral delivery of bioactives has garnered significant attention. However, their distinctive lipid membrane composition may result in elevated membrane permeability within the gastrointestinal environment, leading to the leakage of carried bioactives. Inspired by the concept of projectile design, Tartary buckwheat-derived ELNs (TB-ELNs) based dual-carriers are fabricated by loading chlorogenic acid (CGA) into the cores and bonding selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) to the lipid membrane.

Tetramethylurea Based Intermediate Phase Engineering for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are emerging photovoltaic devices renowned for their high efficiency and low cost. Efficient and stable PSCs depend on high-quality perovskite films, which are strongly influenced by the excellent nucleation and growth. The choice of solvent is critical for the crystallization behavior of perovskite films.

Residual Al Adatoms Driven Epitaxy of AlGaN QWs for High-Performance UV LEDs.

AlGaN-based ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) experience a notable reduction in efficiency within the 280-330 nm wavelength range, known as the "UVB gap". Given the extensive applications of UV LEDs in this wavelength range, it is imperative to bridge this efficiency gap. In this study, a strategy facilitated by the presence of residual Al adatoms is introduced to simultaneously improve the integration of Ga-adatoms and the migration of Al/Ga-adatoms during the growth of low-Al-composition AlGaN quantum wells (QWs) even at high temperatures comparable to those used for high-Al-composition AlGaN quantum barriers.

Advances in Polymer-Based Self-Adjuvanted Nanovaccines.

Nanovaccines, as a new generation of vaccines, have garnered significant interest due to their exceptional potential in enhancing disease prevention and treatment. Their unique features, such as high stability, antigens protection, prolonged retention, and targeted delivery to lymph nodes, immune cells, and tumors, set them apart as promising candidates in the field of immunotherapy. Polymers, with their superior degradability, capacity to mimic pathogen characteristics, and surface functionality that facilitates modifications, serve as ideal carriers for vaccine components.

Layered-Hierarchical Dual-Lattice Strain Suppresses NiSe Surface Reconstruction for Stable OER in Alkaline Fresh/Seawater Splitting.

Transition metal selenides (TMSe) are promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts but act as precursors rather than the actual active phase, transforming into amorphous oxyhydroxides during OER. This transformation, along with the formation of selenium oxyanions and unstable heterointerfaces, complicates the structure-activity relationship and reduces stability. This work introduces novel "layered-hierarchical dual lattice strain engineering" to inhibit the surface reconstruction of NiSe by modulating both the nickel foam (NF) substrate with MoN nanosheets (NM) and the NiSe nanorods-nanosheets catalytic layer (NiSe-NiSe-NiO, NSN) with ultrafast interfacial bimetallic amorphous NiFeOOH coating, achieving the optimized NM/NSN/NiFeOOH configuration.

Recent Advances for Cation-Anion Aggregates in Solid Polymer Electrolytes: Mechanism, Strategies, and Applications.

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have garnered significant attention from both academic and industrial communities due to their high safety feature and high energy density in combination with lithium(Li) metal anode. Nevertheless, their practical applications remain constrained by the relatively low room-temperature ionic conductivity and interface issues. Anion-derived cation-anion aggregates (AGGs), derived from high-concentration liquid electrolytes, promote a stable solid-electrolyte interphase layer, which have gradually propelled their application in SPEs.

MXenes and MXene-based composites for biomedical applications.

MXenes, a novel class of two-dimensional materials, have recently emerged as promising candidates for biomedical applications due to their specific structural features and exceptional physicochemical and biological properties. These materials, characterized by unique structural features and superior conductivity, have applications in tissue engineering, cancer detection and therapy, sensing, imaging, drug delivery, wound treatment, antimicrobial therapy, and medical implantation. Additionally, MXene-based composites, incorporating polymers, metals, carbon nanomaterials, and metal oxides, offer enhanced electroactive and mechanical properties, making them highly suitable for engineering electroactive organs such as the heart, skeletal muscle, and nerves.