TRIM44 alleviates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting pyroptosis through the NLRP3 pathway.

Background: Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a prevailing manifestation of acute kidney injury (AKI) with limited treatment options. TRIM44 has emerged as a possible target for treatment due to its regulatory function in inflammatory pathways.

Methods: In vivo and in vitro models were employed to ascertain the TRIM44 impact on renal IRI.

Impact of land conversion on environmental conditions and methane emissions from a tropical peatland.

Tropical peatlands are significant sources of methane (CH₄), but their contribution to the global CH₄ budget remains poorly quantified due to the lack of long-term, continuous and high-frequency flux measurements. To address this gap, we measured net ecosystem CH exchange (NEE-CH) using eddy covariance technique throughout the conversion of a tropical peat swamp forest to an oil palm plantation. This encompassed the periods before, during and after conversion periods from 2014 to 2020, during which substantial environmental shifts were observed.

It's all about scale: The landscape effect on avian haemosporidians.

Environmental characteristics drastically shape the host-parasite associations under natural conditions. This is the case of parasites such as avian haemosporidians which naturally infect birds and are transmitted by insect vectors. Landscape characteristics are known to determine the epidemiology of transmission of these parasites in the wild, but the strength of these factors may differ at different spatial scales.

Modeling and control of a sperm-inspired robot with helical propulsion.

Efficient propulsion has been a central focus of research in the field of biomimetic underwater vehicles. Compared to the prevalent fish-like reciprocating flapping propulsion mode, the sperm-like helical propulsion mode features higher efficiency and superior performance in high-viscosity environments. Based on the previously developed sperm-inspired robot, this paper focuses on its dynamic modeling and depth control research.

Visual collective behaviors on spherical robots.

The implementation of collective motion, traditionally, disregard the limited sensing capabilities of an individual, to instead assuming an omniscient perception of the environment. This study implements a visual flocking model in a ``robot-in-the-loop'' approach to reproduce these behaviors with a flock composed of 10 independent spherical robots. The model achieves robotic collective motion by only using panoramic visual information of each robot, such as retinal position, optical size and optic flow of the neighboring robots.

Therapeutic effects of CGS21680, a selective A receptor agonist, via BDNF-related pathways in R106W mutation Rett syndrome model.

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurological disorder caused by a mutation in the X-linked methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2), leading to cognitive and motor skill regression. Therapeutic strategies aimed at increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels have been reported; however, BDNF treatment has limitations, including the inability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, a short half-life, and potential for adverse effects when administered via intrathecal injection, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. In this study, we focused on the adenosine A receptor (AR), which modulates BDNF and its downstream pathways, and investigated the therapeutic potential of CGS21680, an AR agonist, through in vitro and in vivo studies using R106W RTT model.

Robust and Regular Micronano Binary Texture on the Complex Curved Surface for Enhanced Reendothelialization and Antithrombotic Performance.

Blood-contacting medical devices can easily trigger immune responses, leading to thrombosis and hyperblastosis. Constructing microtexture that provides efficient antithrombotic and rapid reendothelialization performance on complex curved surfaces remains a pressing challenge. In this work, we present a robust and regular micronano binary texture on the titanium surface, characterized by exceptional mechanical strength and precisely controlled wettability to achieve excellent hemocompatibility.

ALC-0315 Lipid-Based mRNA LNP Induces Stronger Cellular Immune Responses Postvaccination.

At the end of 2019, SARS-CoV-2 emerged and rapidly spread, having a profound negative impact on human health and socioeconomic conditions. In response to this unprecedented global health crisis, significant advancements were made in the mRNA vaccine technology. In this study, we have compared the difference between two SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) mRNA-Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccines prepared from two different ionizable cationic lipids: ALC-0315 and MC3.

A phase 1 trial of prizloncabtagene autoleucel, a CD19/CD20 CAR T-cell therapy for relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Prizloncabtagene autoleucel (prizlon-cel), a novel bispecific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell, targets and eliminates CD19/CD20 positive tumor cells. This phase 1, open-label study investigated the safety and efficacy of prizlon-cel in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (r/r B-NHL). Patients with CD19 and/or CD20-positive r/r B-NHL received a 3-day lymphodepletion (cyclophosphamide: 300 mg/m2/d; fludarabine: 30 mg/m2/d) followed by an intravenous dose of prizlon-cel.

Effectiveness of Remote Patient Monitoring Equipped With an Early Warning System in Tertiary Care Hospital Wards: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Monitoring vital signs in hospitalized patients is crucial for evaluating their clinical condition. While early warning scores like the modified early warning score (MEWS) are typically calculated 3 to 4 times daily through spot checks, they might not promptly identify early deterioration. Leveraging technologies that provide continuous monitoring of vital signs, combined with an early warning system, has the potential to identify clinical deterioration sooner.

Weight Loss Patterns and Outcomes Over 12 Months on a Commercial Weight Management Program (CSIRO Total Wellbeing Diet Online): Large-Community Cohort Evaluation Study.

Background: A greater understanding of the effectiveness of digital self-management programs and their ability to support longer-term weight loss is needed.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the total weight loss and patterns of weight loss of CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) Total Wellbeing Diet Online members during their first 12 months of membership and examine the patterns of platform use associated with greater weight loss.

Methods: Participants were Australian adults who joined the program between October 2014 and June 2022 and were classified as longer-term members, meaning they completed at least 12 weeks of the program, had baseline and 12-week weight data, and had a paid membership of ≥1 year (N=24,035).

Enormous Out-of-Plane Charge Rectification and Conductance through Two-Dimensional Monolayers.

Heterogeneous integration of emerging two-dimensional (2D) materials with mature three-dimensional (3D) silicon-based semiconductor technology presents a promising approach for the future development of energy-efficient, function-rich nanoelectronic devices. In this study, we designed a mixed-dimensional junction structure in which a 2D monolayer (e.g.

Survival with Trastuzumab Emtansine in Residual HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.

Background: Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive early breast cancer with residual invasive disease after neoadjuvant systemic therapy have a high risk of recurrence and death. The primary analysis of KATHERINE, a phase 3, open-label trial, showed that the risk of invasive breast cancer or death was 50% lower with adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) than with trastuzumab alone.

Methods: We randomly assigned patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer with residual invasive disease in the breast or axilla after neoadjuvant systemic treatment with taxane-based chemotherapy and trastuzumab to receive T-DM1 or trastuzumab for 14 cycles.

Fracture Prevention with Infrequent Zoledronate in Women 50 to 60 Years of Age.

Background: Zoledronate prevents fractures in older women when administered every 12 to 18 months, but its effects on bone density and bone turnover persist beyond 5 years. Whether infrequent zoledronate administration would prevent vertebral fractures in early postmenopausal women is unknown.

Methods: We conducted a 10-year, prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving early postmenopausal women (50 to 60 years of age) with bone mineral density T scores lower than 0 and higher than -2.

Anchoring of Probiotic-Membrane Vesicles in Hydrogels Facilitates Wound Vascularization.

Inadequate vascularization significantly hampers wound recovery by limiting nutrient delivery. To address this challenge, we extracted membrane vesicles from (LMVs) and identified their angiogenic potential via transcriptomic analysis. We further developed a composite hydrogel system (Gel-LMVs) by anchoring LMVs within carboxylated chitosan and cross-linking it with oxidized hyaluronic acid through a Schiff base reaction.

Sex Differences in Natural History and Health Outcomes Among Individuals With Tic Disorders.

Objectives: To analyze sex differences in outcomes in Tourette syndrome (TS) and Persistent Motor or Vocal tic disorders (PMVT) in the Tourette Association of America International Consortium for Genetics (TAAICG) dataset.

Methods: The relationship between sex and clinical measures was explored in 2,403 participants (N = 2,109 with TS; N = 294 with PMVT) from the TAAICG dataset using generalized estimating equation regression models, and adjusted for age and family relationships.

Results: Female (vs male) participants with TS (25.

α-Actinin-1 deficiency in megakaryocytes causes low platelet count, platelet dysfunction, and mitochondrial impairment.

Cytoskeletal remodeling and mitochondrial bioenergetics play important roles in thrombocytopoiesis and platelet function. Recently, α-actinin-1 mutations have been reported in patients with congenital macrothrombocytopenia. However, the role and underlying mechanism of α-actinin-1 in thrombocytopoiesis and platelet function remain elusive.

Quantitative Analysis of Multi-Elements in a Micron-Sized Single Particle Based on Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Signal Enhancement of an Optical Fiber Collimated System.

With rapid, energy-intensive, and coal-fueled economic growth, global air quality is deteriorating, and particulate matter pollution has emerged as one of the major public health problems worldwide. It is extremely urgent to achieve carbon emission reduction and air pollution prevention and control, aiming at the common problem of weak and unstable signals of characteristic elements in the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology for trace element detection. In this study, the influence of the optical fiber collimation signal enhancement method on the LIBS signal was explored.

Design, Synthesis, and Imaging of a Stable Xanthene-Based Dye with NIR-II Emission up to 1450 nm.

The development of long-wavelength near-infrared II (NIR-II, 900-1700 nm) dyes is highly desirable but challenging. To achieve both red-shifted absorption/emission and superior imaging capabilities, a donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) xanthene core was strategically modified by extending π-conjugated double bonds and enhancing electron-donating properties. Two dyes named and were synthesized and exhibited notably red-shifted absorption/emission peaks at 942/1250 and 1098/1450 nm, respectively.

Proper timing or ERCP and cholecystectomy on acute cholecystitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To determine if endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) should be performed with surgery or as a different step, on acute cholecystitis, and which strategy has the least complications and morbimortality.

Methods: Various databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, clinical trials, Google Scholar) were searched for randomized trials comparing the different timings for ERCP and cholecystectomy. No language or time restrictions were applied.

Three-dimensional measurement of the depth of invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma samples using Lugol's iodine-enhanced micro-computed tomography: an original study.

Objectives: Depth of invasion (DOI) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) guides treatment and prognosis but lacks three-dimensional (3D) insight. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of Lugol's iodine-enhanced micro-computed tomography (CT) for the 3D measurement of DOI in OSCC samples.

Methodology: In total, 50 in vitro OSCC samples from Nanjing Stomatological Hospital (July 2022 to January 2024) were subjected to micro-CT imaging with a slice thickness of 50 μm following 3% Lugol iodine staining for 12 h, followed by pathological examination and staining.

Evaluation of scarification in seed germination and characterization of the early stages of seedling development of Rubus erythroclados.

The shrub Rubus erythroclados Mart. ex Hook.f.