Prolonged persistence of mutagenic DNA lesions in somatic cells.

DNA is subject to continual damage, leaving each cell with thousands of individual DNA lesions at any given moment. The efficiency of DNA repair means that most known classes of lesion have a half-life of minutes to hours, but the extent to which DNA damage can persist for longer durations remains unknown. Here, using high-resolution phylogenetic trees from 89 donors, we identified mutations arising from 818 DNA lesions that persisted across multiple cell cycles in normal human stem cells from blood, liver and bronchial epithelium.

Carbon emission of urban vehicles based on carbon emission factor correlation analysis.

The CO emission factor is the basis for analyzing vehicle CO emissions. This study establishes a correlation model between the fuel CO emission factor and the mileage-based CO emission factor using fuel consumption data, then analyzes the fuel consumption and CO emission situation of vehicles in Beijing with the established models. The main research conclusions are as follows: The proposed correlation models are effective for analyzing urban vehicle CO emissions.

Optimizing ternary hybrid nanofluids using neural networks, gene expression programming, and multi-objective particle swarm optimization: a computational intelligence strategy.

The performance of nanofluids is largely determined by their thermophysical properties. Optimizing these properties can significantly enhance nanofluid performance. This study introduces a hybrid strategy based on computational intelligence to determine the optimal conditions for ternary hybrid nanofluids.

Reconfigured single- and double-diode models for improved modelling of solar cells/modules.

Proper modeling of PV cells/modules through parameter identification based on the real current-voltage (I-V) data is important for the efficiency of PV systems. Most related works have concentrated on the classical single-diode model (SDM) and double-diode model (DDM) and their parameter extraction by various metaheuristic algorithms. In order to render more accurate and representative modeling, this paper adds a small resistance in series with the diodes in SDM and DDM.

Antibacterial and antioxidant potentials, detection of host origin compounds, and metabolic profiling of endophytic Bacillus spp. isolated from Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz.

The research highlights the importance of exploring endophytic microbiomes of medicinal plants to uncover their potential for secondary metabolite production and their role in the biosynthesis of host-derived compounds. This study was aimed to isolate leaf endophytic bacteria of Rauvolfia serpentina, investigate their antibacterial, antioxidant potentials and detect host-origin compound reserpine using Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RPHPLC). Untargeted analysis via Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) was conducted for profiling main phytochemicals in the leaves and to explore potential bioactive compounds in bacterial extracts.

Human neural rosettes secrete bioactive extracellular vesicles enriched in neuronal and glial cellular components.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a critical role in the development of neural cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Human neural rosettes (hNRs) are radial cell structures that assemble from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and recapitulate some stages of neural tube morphogenesis. Here we show that hiPSCs and hNRs secrete EVs (hiPSC-EVs and hNR-EVs) with distinctive protein cargoes.

Delayed onset of ocean acidification in the Gulf of Maine.

The Gulf of Maine holds significant ecological and economic value for fisheries and communities in north-eastern North America. However, there is apprehension regarding its vulnerability to the effects of increasing atmospheric CO. Substantial recent warming and the inflow of low alkalinity waters into the Gulf of Maine have raised concerns about the impact of ocean acidification on resident marine calcifiers (e.

A human single-neuron dataset for object recognition.

Object recognition is fundamental to how we interact with and interpret the world around us. The human amygdala and hippocampus play a key role in object recognition, contributing to both the encoding and retrieval of visual information. Here, we recorded single-neuron activity from the human amygdala and hippocampus when neurosurgical epilepsy patients performed a one-back task using naturalistic object stimuli.

Cyclodehydrogenation of molecular nanographene precursors catalyzed by atomic hydrogen.

Atomically precise synthesis of graphene nanostructures on semiconductors and insulators has been a formidable challenge. In particular, the metallic substrates needed to catalyze cyclodehydrogenative planarization reactions limit subsequent applications that exploit the electronic and/or magnetic structure of graphene derivatives. Here, we introduce a protocol in which an on-surface reaction is initiated and carried out regardless of the substrate type.

Accelerating Tumor Immunotherapy Through a Synergistic Strategy of Increasing Throttle and Relaxing Brake.

Tumor immunotherapy has been widely used clinically, but it is still hindered by weak antitumor immunity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, a kind of simple disodium hydrogen phosphate nanoparticle (Na2HPO4 NP) is prepared to "accelerate" tumor immunotherapy by "increasing throttle" and "relaxing brake" simultaneously. The obtained Na2HPO4 NPs release a large amount of Na+ and HPO42- ions within tumor cells, thereby activating the caspase 1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis pathway to achieve immune activation.

PPDock: Pocket Prediction-Based Protein-Ligand Blind Docking.

Predicting the docking conformation of a ligand in the protein binding site (pocket), i.e., protein-ligand docking, is crucial for drug discovery.

Evaluation of the endocranial anatomy of the early Paleogene north African gavialoid crocodylian Argochampsa krebsi and evolutionary implications for adaptation to salinity tolerance in marine crocodyliforms.

Argochampsa krebsi is a gavialoid crocodylian from the early Paleogene of North Africa. Based on its recovered phylogenetic relationship with South American species, it has been inferred to have been capable of transoceanic dispersal, but potential anatomical correlates for a marine lifestyle have yet to be identified. Based on CT scans of a mostly complete and well-preserved skull, we reconstruct the endocranial anatomy of Argochampsa and compare it to that of other gavialoids.

Can large language models fully automate or partially assist paper selection in systematic reviews?

Background/aims: Large language models (LLMs) have substantial potential to enhance the efficiency of academic research. The accuracy and performance of LLMs in a systematic review, a core part of evidence building, has yet to be studied in detail.

Methods: We introduced two LLM-based approaches of systematic review: an LLM-enabled fully automated approach (LLM-FA) utilising three different GPT-4 plugins (Consensus GPT, Scholar GPT and GPT web browsing modes) and an LLM-facilitated semi-automated approach (LLM-SA) using GPT4's Application Programming Interface (API).

Disease activity indices used in axial spondyloarthritis perform similarly in real-life clinical settings.

Objective: Monitoring of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) activity using validated indices (BASDAI/ASDAS) is widely recommended but rarely followed in practice. The reasons, although varied, may be found in the scarcity of studies comparing the performance of these indices in daily practice. Here we compare the performance of activity indices in clinical practice.

Clinical characteristics and influencing factors of hyperkyphosis in a Chinese Cohort with axial spondyloarthritis: a multicentre retrospective study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and influencing factors of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) hyperkyphosis in a Chinese cohort.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 607 patients with axSpA attending 12 hospitals across 11 centers from March 2022 to March 2024.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relevant influencing factors of hyperkyphosis.

A novel method for the rapid determination of phenolic compounds based on the nanozyme with laccase-like activity.

Phenolic compounds are prevalent in domestic and industrial effluents, leading a serious environmental hazard. Paper-based analysis device mediated by nanozymes has shown great potential in portable visual determination of phenolic compounds in the environment. In this work, we used nicotinic acid derivatives such as pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 2-methylnicotinic acid and 2-aminonicotinic acid by coordinating copper (II) acetate monohydrate coordination to obtain Cu2-COOHNA, Cu2-CHNA, Cu2-ANA nanozymes with laccase-activity.

The structural organisation of pentraxin-3 and its interactions with heavy chains of inter-α-inhibitor regulate crosslinking of the hyaluronan matrix.

Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) is an octameric protein, comprised of eight identical protomers, that has diverse functions in reproductive biology, innate immunity and cancer. PTX3 interacts with the large polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) to which heavy chains (HCs) of the inter-α-inhibitor (IαI) family of proteoglycans are covalently attached, playing a key role in the (non-covalent) crosslinking of HC•HA complexes. These interactions stabilise the cumulus matrix, essential for ovulation and fertilisation in mammals, and are also implicated in the formation of pathogenic matrices in the context of viral lung infections.

Structure-guided mining of stereoselective reductive aminases for biocatalytic stereodivergent synthesis of chiral piperidinamine and derivatives.

Chiral azacyclic amine derivatives occupy a vital role of nitrogen-containing compounds, due to serve as foundational motifs in numerous pharmaceuticals and bioactive substances. Novel complementary enantioselective reductive aminases IRED9 and IRED11 were unveiled through comprehensive gene mining from Streptomyces viridochromogenes and Micromonospora echinaurantiaca, respectively, which both demonstrated enantiomeric excess (ee) values and conversion ratio up to 99% towards N-Boc-3-pyridinone (NBPO) and cyclopropylamine. IRED9 exhibited the highest activity at pH 8.

Restorative properties of chronic lurasidone treatment on emotional dysfunction in rats exposed to chronic unavoidable stress: a role for medial prefrontal cortex - nucleus accumbens network.

Anhedonia, a transdiagnostic symptom prevalent in depressive and psychotic disorders, poses a significant challenge for pharmacological intervention due to its association with impaired motivation. Understanding how psychotropic drugs can modulate this pathological domain and elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying such effects are crucial endeavors in psychiatric research. In this study, we aimed to investigate the pro-motivational properties of lurasidone in a rat (Sprague Dawley males) model of anhedonia and to unravel the interplay between lurasidone and the brain regions critical for reward processing.

Prediction of lower-limb isokinetic strength from functional fitness tests in older adults: A 550-participant cross-sectional study.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the association and prediction of hip abduction-adduction and knee flexion-extension isokinetic absolute and relative strength and power at 60°/s and 180°/s from functional tests performance (i.e., Up-and-Go Test [seconds], 30-Second Chair Stand Test [repetitions and relative and allometric power], 30-Second Arm Curl Test [repetitions], and 6-Minute Walk Test [meters]) in older adults.

Detecting copy-number alterations from single-cell chromatin sequencing data by AtaCNA.

Single-cell assay of transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) unbiasedly profiles genome-wide chromatin accessibility in single cells. In single-cell tumor studies, identification of normal cells or tumor clonal structures often relies on copy-number alterations (CNAs). However, CNA detection from scATAC-seq is difficult due to the high noise, sparsity, and confounding factors.

Cu-EAB zeolite catalyst: A promising candidate with excellent SO poisoning resistance for NH-SCR reaction.

In this work, we synthesized Cu-EAB catalysts with an EAB topology for the NH-SCR of NO and evaluated their resistance to SO poisoning for the first time. The Cu-EAB catalyst showed superior NO conversion and selectivity for N, along with a notable tolerance to high space velocities and SO, outperforming the commercial Cu-CHA catalyst. This enhanced resistance was attributed to the Cu species formation at the 2.

Maternal derived antibodies and avian β-defensins expression patterns and their correlation in the yolk sac tissue of different chicken breeds (Gallus gallus).

The expression of maternal derived antibodies (MDAs) and avian β-defensins (AvBDs) in yolk sac tissue may be age-specific and influenced by breed, thereby immunological window difference in hatchlings. This study investigated the mRNA expression of MDAs and AvBDs in the yolk sac tissues of Beijing You and Hy-Line Gray chickens from the embryonic day (ED)7 to 3 days after hatch (DAH). Hy-Line showed a higher embryo bodyweight and a lower residual yolk weight at ED17 (P < 0.