Differential Associations of Cigar, Pipe, and Smokeless Tobacco Use Versus Combustible Cigarette Use With Subclinical Markers of Inflammation, Thrombosis, and Atherosclerosis: The Cross-Cohort Collaboration-Tobacco Working Group.

Background: Understanding the association of tobacco product use with subclinical markers is essential in evaluating health effects to inform regulatory policy. This is particularly relevant for noncigarette products (eg, cigars, pipes, and smokeless tobacco), which have been understudied because of their low prevalence in individual cohort studies.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 98 450 participants from the Cross-Cohort Collaboration-Tobacco data set.

Modeling effects of climate change on crop phenology and yield of wheat-maize cropping system and exploring sustainable solutions.

Background: Wheat-maize cropping systems in semi-arid regions are expected to be affected by climate change in the future, which is alarming for global food security, environmental sustainability and socioeconomic development. Therefore, management practices like optimized plant geometry and fertilization need to be explored to counter these expected threats. To do this, the APSIM model was calibrated using 5-year data (from 2017/2018 to 2022) regarding yield, biomass, plant height, emergence, anthesis and crop maturity of wheat and maize from farmer fields.

Effects of porous hedgehog-like morphology and graphene oxide on the cycling stability and rate performance of CoO/NiO microspheres.

A porous hedgehog-like CoO/NiO/graphene oxide (denoted as PHCNO/GO) microsphere was prepared by a facile solvothermal method, followed by an annealing treatment under argon atmosphere. Benefiting from the thin CoO/NiO nanosheets with a large specific surface area, abundant pores distributed between the CoO/NiO nanosheets, and GO firmly wrapped around the surface of PHCNO microspheres, the PHCNO/GO microspheres showed excellent lithium storage performance. The CoO/NiO nanosheets provided numerous active sites, achieving a high reversible specific capacity.

Developing tough, fatigue-resistant and conductive hydrogels growth of metal dendrites.

Developing hydrogels with high conductivity and toughness a facile strategy is important yet challenging. Herein, we proposed a new strategy to develop conductive hydrogels by growing metal dendrites. Water-soluble Sn ions were soaked into the gel and then converted to Sn dendrites an electrochemical reaction; the excessive Sn ions were finally removed by water dialysis, accompanied by dramatic shrinkage of the gel.

An isolable boron-centered radical anion stabilized by a carbazole moiety.

The isolation of a stable persistent carbazole-stabilized boron-centered monoradical anion 1˙, which has a high spin density at the B atom, has been reported. It is characterized using the crystal structure and UV-vis absorption spectrum, as well as electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Interestingly, the B-N bond was activated by the boron-centered radical anion 1˙, which had not been reported before.

A non-derivatized high-performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous quantification of hydroxyl acids and amino acids in ammonolysis reactions.

A non-derivatized high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of hydroxyl acids and their amination products in ammonolysis reaction mixtures. By optimizing the mobile phase composition and pH (0.04 M KHPO-5% methanol, pH = 2.

A Ralstonia effector RipAU impairs peanut AhSBT1.7 immunity for pathogenicity via AhPME-mediated cell wall degradation.

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating disease affecting a great many crops including peanut. The pathogen damages plants via secreting type Ш effector proteins (T3Es) into hosts for pathogenicity. Here, we characterized RipAU was among the most toxic effectors as ΔRipAU completely lost its pathogenicity to peanuts.

Dietary and nutritional interventions for human diseases: their modulatory effects on ferroptosis.

A balanced diet is essential for maintaining human health. Increasing evidence suggests that dietary and nutritional interventions contribute to disease management and are associated with reduced healthcare costs and economic burden. Ferroptosis, a novel type of regulated cell death (RCD) driven by lipid peroxidation, has been shown to be involved in various pathological conditions, including diabetes, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, inflammation-related diseases, and cancer.

Heteroatom number-dependent cluster frameworks in structurally comparable Pd-Au nanoclusters.

Investigating the impact of heteroatom alloying extents on regulating the cluster structures is crucial for the fabrication of cluster-based nanomaterials with customized properties. Herein, two structurally comparable PdAu ( = 1, 2) nanoclusters with a uniform surface environment but completely distinct kernel configurations were controllably synthesized and structurally determined. The single Pd-alloyed Pd1Au12 nanocluster retained an icosahedral metal framework, while the Pd2Au12 nanocluster with two Pd heteroatoms exhibited a unique toroidal configuration.

Construction of organic heterojunctions as metal-free photocatalysts for enhancing water splitting and phenol degradation by regulating charge flow.

Metal-free photocatalysts derived from earth-abundant elements have drawn significant attention owing to their ample supply for potential large-scale applications. However, it is still challenging to achieve highly efficient photocatalytic performance owing to their sluggish charge separation and lack of active catalytic sites. Herein, we designed and constructed a series of covalently bonded organic semiconductors to enhance water splitting and phenol degradation.

Lead Phosphate Material for Exclusive Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide Gas.

Efficient gas sensors that can accurately detect and identify hydrogen sulfide are essential for various practical applications. Conventional resistive sensors often lack the necessary selectivity, which hampers timely and effective HS detection. This study presents lead phosphate-based gas sensors specifically designed for HS detection, which effectively eliminate interference effects.

Platinum/(Carbon-Nanotube) Electrocatalyst Boosts Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Acidic, Neutral and Alkaline Solutions.

Widely used catalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen (H) evolution reaction (HER) have high platinum (Pt) contents and show low efficiencies in neutral and alkaline solutions. Herein, a carbon nanotube (CNT) supported Pt catalyst (Pt/CNT45) with 1 wt.% Pt is fabricated.

Weak Antilocalization and Negative Magnetoresistance of the Gate-Tunable PbTe Thin Films.

We have systematically studied the electromagnetic transport properties of PbTe thin films under gate voltage modulation. The system demonstrates pronounced electron-electron interactions exclusively within the gate voltage range where only hole carriers are present. Furthermore, the Berry phase is utilized to qualitatively elucidate the transition between weak antilocalization (WAL) and weak localization (WL) through the regulation of gate voltage and temperature.

Atmospheric oxygen mediated oxidation coupling of primary and secondary alcohols: synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-]pyrimidines.

An atmospheric oxygen-mediated oxidative coupling of primary and secondary alcohols for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles has been developed. This method utilizes atmospheric oxygen as the sole, environmentally friendly oxidant to convert a variety of alkyl and aromatic primary alcohols into aldehyde equivalents, avoiding over-oxidation to carboxylic acids. Notably, these mild oxidation conditions are compatible with both primary and secondary alkyl alcohols as substrates.

Hollow TiO@TpPa S-Scheme Photocatalyst for Efficient HO Production Through O in Deionized Water Using Phototautomerization.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) production through photocatalytic O reduction reaction (ORR) is a mild and cost-efficient alternative to the anthraquinone oxidation strategy. Of note, singlet state oxygen (O) plays a crucial role in ORR. Herein, a hollow TiO@TpPa (TOTP) S-scheme heterojunction by the Schiff base reactions involving 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and paraphenylenediamine (Pa) for efficient photocatalytic HO production in deionized water has been developed.

Interfacial Work Function Modulation of Wide Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cell for Efficient Perovskite/CIGS Tandem Solar Cell.

Wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), a promising top-cell candidate for high-performance tandem solar cells, often suffer from larger open-circuit voltage (V) deficits as the bandgap increases. Surface passivation is a common strategy to mitigate these V deficits. However, understanding the mechanisms underlying the differences in passivation effects among various types of molecules remains limited, which is crucial for developing universal interface passivation strategies and guiding the design of passivation molecules.

Instar identification and weight prediction of (Guenée) larvae using machine learning.

The Asian corn borer, (Guenée), emerges as a significant threat to maize cultivation, inflicting substantial damage upon the crops. Particularly, its larval stage represents a critical point characterised by significant economic consequences on maize yield. To manage the infestation of this pest effectively, timely and precise identification of its larval stages is required.

Isolated Metal Centers Activate Small Molecule Electrooxidation: Mechanisms and Applications.

Electrochemical oxidation of small molecules shows great promise to substitute oxygen evolution reaction (OER) or hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) to enhance reaction kinetics and reduce energy consumption, as well as produce high-valued chemicals or serve as fuels. For these oxidation reactions, high-valence metal sites generated at oxidative potentials are typically considered as active sites to trigger the oxidation process of small molecules. Isolated atom site catalysts (IASCs) have been developed as an ideal system to precisely regulate the oxidation state and coordination environment of single-metal centers, and thus optimize their catalytic property.

Nucleation-Controlled Crystallization of Chiral 2D Perovskite Single Crystal Thin Films for High-Sensitivity Circularly Polarized Light Detection.

2D Dion-Jacobson (DJ) chiral perovskite materials exhibit significant promise for developing high-performance circularly polarized light (CPL) photodetectors. However, the inherently thick nature of DJ-phase 2D perovskite single crystal limits their ability to differentiate CPL photons with the two opposite polarization states. In addition, the growth of DJ-phase perovskite single crystal thin films (SCTFs) has proven challenging due to the strong interlayer electronic coupling.

Advancing Room-Temperature Magnetic Semiconductors with Organic Radical Charge Transfer Cocrystals.

Developing purely organic room-temperature magnetic semiconductors has been a long-sought goal in the material community toward the simultaneous control of spin and charge. Organic cocrystals, known for their structural versatility and multifunctionality, are ideal candidates for these magnetoelectric coupling applications. However, organic room-temperature magnetic semiconductor cocrystals have rarely been reported, and their mechanisms remain poorly understood due to the complexity of cocrystal structures.

Size-Controllable High-Entropy Alloys Toward Stable Hydrogen Production at Industrial-Scale Current Densities.

Efficient and stable electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at high current densities is highly desirable for industrial-scale hydrogen production, which is yet challenging, because of the electrocatalyst with short lifespans during the acidic HER process. Here, a controllable preparation technique is successfully developed to synthesize PdPtRuRhAu high-entropy alloys (HEAs) of various sizes, within the 3.14 nm particles (HEA-3.

Protective Role of Oxycodone in Myocardial Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion.

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a significant clinical problem impacting the heart and other organs, such as the kidneys and liver. This study explores the protective effects of oxycodone on myocardial I/R injury and its underlying mechanisms. Using a myocardial I/R model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in H9c2 cells, we administered oxycodone and inhibited AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) with Compound C (C.

Linkage Microenvironment Modulation in Triazine-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), known for the precise tunability of molecular structures, hold significant promise for photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (HO) production. Herein, by systematically altering the quinoline (QN) linkages in triazine (TA)-based COFs via the multi-component reactions, six R-QN-TA-COFs are synthesized with identical skeletons but different substituents. The fine-tuning of the optoelectronic properties and local microenvironment of COFs is allowed, thereby optimizing charge separation and improving interactions with dissolved oxygen.

Digested Ingredients as Substitute for Ileal Digesta in Assessing Protein Fermentation Potential in Growing Pigs.

Understanding protein fermentation in the hindgut of pigs is essential due to its implications for health, and ileal digesta is commonly used to study this process . This study aimed to assess the feasibility of utilizing digested residues as a replacement for ileal digesta in evaluating the protein fermentation potential. residues from cottonseed meal, maize germ meal, peanut meal, rapeseed cake, rapeseed meal, soybean meal and sunflower meal were analysed using a modified gas production (GP) technique and curve fitting model to determine their fermentation dynamics and compare with the use of ileal digesta.