Combining Hyperpolarized Xe MR Imaging and Spectroscopy to Non-Invasively Estimate Pulmonary Vascular Resistance.

Hyperpolarized Xe MRI/MRS enables quantitative mapping of function in lung airspaces, membrane tissue, and red blood cells (RBCs) within the pulmonary capillaries. The RBC signal also exhibits cardiogenic oscillations that are reduced in pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension (PH). This effect is obscured in patients with concomitant defects in transfer from airspaces to RBCs, which increase RBC oscillation amplitudes.

Resistance Analyses in Heavily Treatment-Experienced People with HIV Treated with the Novel HIV Capsid Inhibitor Lenacapavir After 2 years.

Background: Lenacapavir is a highly potent first-in-class inhibitor of HIV-1 capsid approved for the treatment of heavily treatment-experienced (HTE) people with HIV-1 (PWH) harboring multidrug resistant (MDR) virus, in combination with an optimized background regimen (OBR). Resistance analyses conducted after 2 years of lenacapavir treatment in the phase 2/3 CAPELLA study are described.

Methods: CAPELLA enrolled viremic HTE PWH with resistance to 2 or more drugs per class in at least 3 of the 4 main drug classes.

Validating Centralized Biobanking Workflows for NMR Metabolomics Using the PRIMA Panel.

The quality of biological samples used in metabolomics research is significantly influenced by preanalytical factors, such as the timing of centrifugation and freezing. This study aimed to evaluate how preanalytical factors, like delays in centrifugation and freezing, affect metabolomics research. Blood samples, collected in various tube types, were subjected to controlled pre- and postcentrifugation delays.

Implant stability quotient and osteogenic process in dental implant sites prepared using piezoelectric technique: A study in minipigs.

Purpose: Few studies have explored the bone response in dental implant sites prepared using a piezoelectric device, indicating moderate effectiveness in enhancing secondary stability and osteogenesis. This study seeks to expand our understanding of the changes in biological, clinical, and radiographic parameters, during the initial phases of osseointegration in sites prepared with piezoelectric surgery.

Materials And Methods: Two implant sites were prepared in the tibia of four minipigs.

Cardiac dilation, energy stress and ventricular remodeling: insights from prolonged voluntary exercise in male mice with TAC-induced HFpEF.

Exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains a hot topic, although current treatment strategies have not been shown to improve the long-term prognosis of HFpEF. Previous studies have mostly focused on the roles of endurance training, the mechanisms underlying long-term voluntary exercise have not been elucidated. The purpose of the present analysis was to evaluate alterations in cardiac function in HFpEF mice (HFpEF-Sed) after 6 weeks of voluntary running (HFpEF-Ex), investigate mechanisms, and compare the effects with fluoxetine (HFpEF-FLX).

Measurement of multidifferential cross sections for dijet production in proton-proton collisions at .

A measurement of the dijet production cross section is reported based on proton-proton collision data collected in 2016 at by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 36.3 . Jets are reconstructed with the anti- algorithm for distance parameters of and 0.

Halting Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression and Metastasis by Neuron-Inhibitory Liposomes.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains an aggressive malignancy. The occurrence of perineural invasion is associated with neuropathic pain and poor prognosis of PDAC, underscoring the active participation of nerves and their potential as therapeutic targets. Lidocaine is a local anesthetic with antitumor properties in some tumors in the clinic.

Development of Triphenylamine Derived Photosensitizers for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution from Water.

A series of new (donor)₂-donor-π-acceptor (D2-D-π-A) and (acceptor)₂-donor-π-acceptor (A2-D-π-A) organic photosensitizers based on the framework of (Z)-2-cyano-3-(5-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)acrylic acid have been synthesized and characterized. By incorporating groups with different electron-donating or withdrawing abilities, such as dibenzothiophene (DBT), dibenzofuran (DBF), and triazine (TA), into the triphenylamine segment, their photophysical properties have been regulated.  Theoretical calculations were used to explore how various donor-acceptor combinations influence their hydrogen production performance.

A novel artificial intelligence-powered tool for automated root canal segmentation in single-rooted teeth on cone-beam computed tomography.

Aim: To develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered tool based on convolutional neural network (CNN) for automatic segmentation of root canals in single-rooted teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methodology: A total of 69 CBCT scans were retrospectively recruited from a hospital database and acquired from two devices with varying protocols. These scans were randomly assigned to the training (n = 31, 88 teeth), validation (n = 8, 15 teeth) and testing (n = 30, 120 teeth) sets.

Tissue-invasive Pathogens in Periodontitis Patients and Their Correlation with Pro-inflammatory Markers: An Analytical Case-control Study.

Aim: Tissue-invasive bacteria have been proposed to be a crucial factor in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis, with the probable interaction of tissue-invasive bacteria with the innate immune response through inflammasomes, perpetuating periodontal attachment loss. This study aims to reveal the correlation between such tissue-invasive bacteria in upregulating inflammasomes and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Materials And Methods: This study recruited a total of 10 patients with stage III/IV and grade C periodontitis based on the bone loss to age ratio.

Impact of Maxillomandibular Sagittal Variations on Upper Airway Dimensions: A Retrospective Cross-sectional CBCT Evaluation.

Aim: This study aimed to analyze the upper airway dimensions in adult patients with different anteroposterior (sagittal) skeletal malocclusions (class I, II, and III) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study involved 90 CBCT records from adult subjects who were categorized into three skeletal groups based on their ANB values: Class I ( = 30), class II ( = 30), and class III ( = 30) and were evaluated. The following upper airway measurements were considered: oropharyngeal airway volume, hypopharyngeal airway volume, pharyngeal airway volume, oropharyngeal airway length, hypopharyngeal airway length, pharyngeal airway length, the most constricted site of the pharyngeal airway, and the most constricted cross-sectional area (MIN-CSA) of the pharyngeal airway.

Comparative Evaluation of 4% Articaine and 2% Lignocaine Anesthetic Agents in Children: A Split-mouth Randomized Control Trial.

Aim: The objective of the present study is to assess and compare the effectiveness of two different anesthetic agents, namely, 4% articaine and 2% lignocaine, in the extraction of primary molar teeth in children.

Materials And Methods: The study included 25 children requiring bilateral extractions of primary molar, with extraction performed on one side with 4% articaine and the contralateral side extraction with 2% lignocaine at two separate appointments. The anesthetic efficacy was evaluated objectively by assessing pain and the child's behavior at baseline, during injection and during extraction using the sound, eye, and motor (SEM) scale objectively, and subjectively using the faces pain rating scale (FPS).

A Scientometric Exploration of the Socket-shield Technique in Oral Implantology: Trends and Spatiotemporal Dynamics.

Aim: The socket-shield technique arises from the efforts to stop the dimensional changes of the bone crest and gingival tissues. This technique consists of leaving a vestibular fragment of a naturally attached root with the purpose of keeping the crestal bone nourished through the periodontium. The aim of this research was to perform a scientometric analysis of the scientific production on the socket-shield technique in oral implantology.

Comparative Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Color Stability of Polyetheretherketone with Conventional Interim Prosthetic Materials: An Study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the surface roughness and color stability of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with those of conventional interim prosthetic materials like polymethylmethacrylate, bis-acrylic composite, and rubberized diurethane dimethacrylate, following immersion in solutions of varying pH value.

Materials And Methods: A total of 320 circular discs with 10 mm diameter and 2 mm height were divided based on the fabrication ( = 80)-group A: polymethylmethacrylate; group B: bis-acrylic composite; group R: rubberized diurethane; and group P: hot-pressed PEEK-and were subjected to baseline measurement of roughness ( = 40) and color ( = 40) using 3D profilometer and UV-Vis spectrophotometer, respectively. Later, 10 samples from each group were immersed in distilled water, black coffee, green tea, and Pepsi, respectively, for 120 days, and measurements of roughness and color were repeated.

Copper-Mediated Three-Component Synthesis of Diverse Perfluoroalkylated Fullerenes.

The synthesis of perfluoroalkylated fullerenes (PFAFs) holds significant importance due to their enhanced molecular stability, increased lipophilicity, and high electron affinity. Herein, we report a copper-catalyzed multicomponent reaction conducted under aerobic conditions, which enables the production of highly soluble PFAFs with half-wave reduction potentials similar to those of C. Furthermore, the challenges posed by C-F coupling in carbon signal assignment were addressed through fluorine-decoupled carbon spectroscopy, facilitating precise structural characterization of the perfluoroalkyl moieties.

Carbon nanofibre frameworks based on a π-extended oligo(perylene) diimide for high-rate lithium-ion batteries.

Anodes play an important role in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and have received much attention as ideal carbon anode materials for meeting the needs for high-rate capability, long-term stability, and high energy density. In this study, a π-extended oligo(perylene) diimide (PTN) is synthesized by using a solvothermal reaction with NH·HO as the decarboxylation reaction catalyst and perylene anhydride as the precursor. A nanocarbon fiber framework can be produced through self-assembly during the carbonization process of π-extended perylene diimide oligomers.

Microfluidic-assisted sol-gel preparation of monodisperse mesoporous silica microspheres with controlled size, surface morphology, porosity and stiffness.

The controllable synthesis of monodisperse mesoporous silica microspheres with unique physicochemical properties is becoming increasingly important for a variety of applications such as catalysts, chromatography, drug delivery and sensors. Here, we report a facile microfluidic-assisted sol-gel method for the preparation of silica microspheres with precisely controlled properties such as the size of the microspheres, the surface morphology, porosity and stiffness. All these properties can be manipulated by changing specific synthesis parameters, such as changing the microfluidic channels to tune the size of the microdroplets (tens to hundreds of microns), changing the contents of the precursor solution to manipulate the surface morphology (wrinkled to smooth surface) and changing the gelation/annealing conditions to tune the porosity (surface area up to 1021 m g) and stiffness of the microspheres (elastic modulus tunable from 0.

Suckling Rat Pup Model: Do Caprine Milk Lactoferrin and Immunoglobulins Have Different Digestion and Absorption Properties from That of Human and Bovine Species?

This study aimed to investigate the digestion and absorption properties of caprine milk serum proteins in comparison to human and bovine species by using rat pups to mimic preterm infants. The results indicate that caprine lactoferrin (LTF) had a shorter retention time in the intestine and released a greater number of fragments, resembling human milk LTF more closely. In contrast, caprine immunoglobulins (Igs) were similar to bovine Igs and both exhibited a longer retention time in the intestine.

Delving Into lncRNA-Mediated Regulation of Autophagy-Associated Signaling Pathways in the Context of Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer is a multifaceted and prevalent malignancy, impacting a considerable proportion of women globally. Numerous signaling pathways intricately regulate cellular functions such as growth, proliferation, and survival. Among the various regulators, lncRNAs have emerged as significant players despite their inability to encode proteins.

Underwater Superoleophobic and Transparent Films with Mechanical Robustness and High Durability in Harsh Environments.

Underwater superoleophobic and transparent (UST) films are promising in applications, such as advanced optical devices in marine environments. However, the mechanical robustness and durability in harsh environments of the existing UST films are still unsatisfactory. In this work, we present a free-standing nacre-inspired mineralized UST (NIM-UST) film with high aragonite content and excellent mechanical properties toward robust underwater superoleophobicity on two surfaces and transparency (94%) in harsh seawater environments.

Pharmacophore-based virtual screening of the chromone derivatives as potential therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease is one of the most complex neurological disorders and millions of people are suffering from this disease all over the world. In the past two decades acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been the most explored pathological hallmark. The generation of potent AChE inhibitors has grown as a rapid pathological tool for the efficacious treatment of the disease.

Emerging biological treatments for asthma.

Introduction: Severe asthma is a chronic airway disease characterized by many pathomechanisms known as endotypes. Biological therapies targeting severe asthma endotypes have significantly improved the treatment of this disease, thus remarkably bettering patient quality of life.

Areas Covered: This review aims to describe current biological therapies for severe asthma, highlighting emerging ones.

Valvular heart disease and heart-related disease: a bibliometric and visual analysis from 2000 to 2023.

Background: Previous studies have shown that valvular heart disease (VHD) is closely related to the development of heart-related disease (HRD). However, the current research for the relationship between VHD and HRD is complex and poorly targeted. Meanwhile, these studies lack the support of bibliometric analysis results.

Efficacy and Safety of Different Acupuncture Treatments for Cancer-Related Pain: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: Cancer pain is a prevalent and persistent issue, and while there have been some observations of the possible benefits of acupuncture in managing cancer pain, there is still debate regarding its safety and effectiveness. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of different acupuncture modalities in the treatment of cancer pain through a network meta-analysis.

Methods: Between the time each database was created and June 3, 2024, eight databases were queried: PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and China Biomedicine.

Advances in the use of nanotechnology for treating gout.

Gout is a commonly occurring form of inflammatory arthritis caused by persistently elevated levels of uric acid. Its incidence rate rises with the increases of living standards and poor dietary habits, which has a considerable impact on the quality of life of the patients. Although there is a wide assortment of drugs available for the management of gout, the effectiveness and security of these drugs are limited by their poor chemical stability and insufficient targeting.