Evaluating the Impact of Climate Change on the Asia Habitat Suitability of Using the MaxEnt Model.

Butterflies are highly sensitive to climate change, and , as an endangered butterfly species, is also affected by these changes. To enhance the conservation of and effectively plan its protected areas, it is crucial to understand the potential impacts of climate change on its distribution. This study utilized a MaxEnt model in combination with ArcGIS technology to predict the global potential suitable habitats of under current and future climate conditions, using the species' distribution data and relevant environmental variables.

An AI-Based Digital Scanner for Detection in Beekeeping.

Beekeeping is a crucial agricultural practice that significantly enhances environmental health and food production through effective pollination by honey bees. However, honey bees face numerous threats, including exotic parasites, large-scale transportation, and common agricultural practices that may increase the risk of parasite and pathogen transmission. A major threat is the mite, which feeds on honey bee fat bodies and transmits viruses, leading to significant colony losses.

Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table of (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Experiencing Cadmium Stress.

Cadmium in agricultural soils has emerged as a substantial threat to crop health and yields through its bioaccumulation along the food chain, with further repercussions for the growth, development, and population dynamics of herbivorous insects. In this study, potted potato plants were treated with Cd solutions at concentrations of 0 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, 90 mg/kg, and 120 mg/kg. Colorado potato beetles () were fed on potato leaves exposed to these varying concentrations of cadmium, and the effects on their growth and development were assessed.

Assessment of Different Conventional and Biofortified Wheat Genotypes Based on Biology and Damage Pattern of and .

The lesser grain borer, (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and khapra beetle, E. (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) are primary stored-grain insect pests.

High Antennal Expression of and Participate in the Recognition of Alarm Pheromones by Buren.

Insects have highly developed olfactory systems in which cytochrome P450s (CYPs) were involved as odor-degrading enzymes throughout the olfactory recognition of odor compounds by insects to avoid continuous stimulation of signaling molecules and thus damage to the olfactory nervous. To understand whether the highly expressed CYPs in the antennae play an olfactory function in worker, in this study, we find six highly expressed antennal CYPs from the transcriptome of . Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis divided them into two families: the CYP3 family (, ) and the CYP4 family (, , , ).

Pheromones in Crane Flies: Behaviorally Active Cuticular Compounds in Loew (Diptera: Tipulidae).

The pheromones of crane flies (Tipulidae), one of the largest families within the order Diptera (over 15,000 species), are unknown. The aim of our study was to identify the chemical compounds involved in communication in , a representative species of the family. Female cuticular washes were found to be attractive to males in a bioassay.

Life History Parameters of the Invasive Cotton Mealybug on Tomato at Four Constant Temperatures.

The cotton mealybug, Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is an invasive polyphagous pest that has been reported in several tomato-producing Mediterranean countries. However, information regarding the impact of temperature variations on its potential damage and population dynamics on this crop is limited. The effect of four temperatures (20 ± 1 °C, 25 ± 1 °C, 30 ± 1 °C and 35 ± 1 °C) on the development, reproduction, and population growth parameters of on tomatoes under controlled laboratory conditions was investigated using age-stage two-sex life tables.

Effects of Novaluron Exposure on the Oviposition and Expression of Ovarian Development Related Genes in Silkworm, (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae).

(Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is an important economic insect, which mainly feeds on mulberry leaves and is widely used in many research fields. The growth and development of silkworm larvae are easily affected by the use of chemical insecticides such as novaluron, a benzoylurea insecticide. However, the effect of novaluron exposure on the reproduction of silkworms has not yet been studied.

Black Soldier Fly Larvae's Optimal Feed Intake and Rearing Density: A Welfare Perspective (Part II).

The large-scale insect rearing sector is expected to grow significantly in the next few years, with L. (black soldier fly, BSF) playing a pivotal role. As with traditional livestock, it is essential to improve and ensure BSF welfare.

Enhancing HDAC Inhibitor Screening: Addressing Zinc Parameterization and Ligand Protonation in Docking Studies.

Precise binding free-energy predictions for ligands targeting metalloproteins, especially zinc-containing histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, require specialized computational approaches due to the unique interactions at metal-binding sites. This study evaluates a docking algorithm optimized for zinc coordination to determine whether it could accurately differentiate between protonated and deprotonated states of hydroxamic acid ligands, a key functional group in HDAC inhibitors (HDACi). By systematically analyzing both protonation states, we sought to identify which state produces docking poses and binding energy estimates most closely aligned with experimental values.

Proteins and DNA Sequences Interacting with Tanshinones and Tanshinone Derivatives.

Tanshinones, biologically active diterpene compounds derived from , interact with specific proteins and DNA sequences, influencing signaling pathways in animals and humans. This study highlights tanshinone-protein interactions observed at concentrations achievable in vivo, ensuring greater physiological relevance compared to in vitro studies that often employ supraphysiological ligand levels. Experimental data suggest that while tanshinones interact with multiple proteomic targets, only a few enzymes are significantly affected at biologically relevant concentrations.

Biomarkers of Intrathecal Synthesis May Be Associated with Cognitive Impairment at MS Diagnosis.

The pathophysiology of cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unclear. Meningeal B cell aggregates may contribute to cortical grey matter pathology. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), kappa free light chains (KFLC), and KFLCs-Index (kappa-Index) are reliable quantitative markers of intrathecal synthesis, but few data have been presented exploring the association with CI, and no data are present for lambda FLC (LFLC) in MS.

Nicking Activity of M13 Bacteriophage Protein 2.

Gene II Protein (Gp2/P2) is a nicking enzyme of the M13 bacteriophage that plays a role in the DNA replication of the viral genome. P2 recognizes a specific sequence at the f1 replication origin and nicks one of the strands and starts replication. This study was conducted to address the limitations of previous experiments, improve methodologies, and precisely determine the biochemical activity conditions of the P2 enzyme in vitro.

Role of miRNAs in Regulating Ascending Aortic Dilation in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Patients Operated for Aortic Stenosis.

Deregulation of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to mechanisms of injury in the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Our objective was to investigate the expression of miRNAs in aortic tissue from patients who underwent aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis and its relationship with aortic dilatation. The study included 78 patients, 40 with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and 38 with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV).

Mechanism of Transcription Factor ChbZIP1 Enhanced Alkaline Stress Tolerance in .

Alkaline environments such as alkaline lands, lakes, and industrial wastewater are not conducive to the growth of plants and microorganisms due to high pH and salinity. ChbZIP1 is a bZIP family transcription factor isolated from an alkaliphilic microalgae ( sp. BLD).

Exploring the Link Between Renal Function Fluctuations Within the Physiological Range and Serum/CSF Levels of NfL, GFAP, tTAU, and UCHL1.

Impaired renal function can influence biomarker levels through mechanisms involving blood-brain barrier integrity and clearance pathways; however, the impact of variations within normal renal function remains unclear. The main aim of this study was to determine whether adjustment for the specific level of renal function is necessary when renal function remains within physiological levels. We studied n = 183 patients (NID n = 122; other neurological diseases n = 39; somatoform controls n = 22) who underwent lumbar puncture at University Hospital Frankfurt.

Soy Isoflavone Genistein Enhances Tamoxifen Sensitivity in Breast Cancer via microRNA and Glucose Metabolism Modulation.

Breast cancer treatment has advanced significantly, particularly for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors. Tamoxifen, an estrogen antagonist, is widely used; however, approximately 40% of patients develop resistance. Recent studies indicate that microRNAs, especially miR-155, play a critical role in this resistance.

Haplotype Analysis and Gene Pyramiding for Pre-Harvest Sprouting Resistance in White-Grain Wheat.

The Huanghuai winter wheat region, China's primary wheat-producing area, predominantly cultivates white-grained wheat. Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) significantly impacts yield and quality, making the breeding of PHS-resistant varieties crucial for ensuring China's wheat production security. This study evaluated the PHS rate of 344 white-grained wheat varieties over two consecutive growing seasons (2022/2023 and 2023/2024).

Acute Severe Hypoxia Decreases Mitochondrial Chain Complex II Respiration in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells' (PBMCs) mitochondrial respiration is impaired and likely involved in myocardial injury and heart failure pathophysiology, but its response to acute and severe hypoxia, often associated with such diseases, is largely unknown in humans. We therefore determined the effects of acute hypoxia on PBMC mitochondrial respiration and ROS production in healthy volunteers exposed to controlled oxygen reduction, achieving an inspired oxygen fraction of 10.5%.

The Impact of Nanoparticles and Molecular Forms of TiO on the Rhizosphere of Plants in the Example of Common Wheat ( L.)-Shifts in Microbiome Structure and Predicted Microbial Metabolic Functions.

This study investigated the effects of various titanium nanoparticles (TiONPs) on the structure, function, and trophic levels of the wheat rhizobiome. In contrast to the typically toxic effects of small nanoparticles (~10 nm), this research focused on molecular TiO and larger nanoparticles, as follows: medium-sized (68 nm, NPs1) and large (>100 nm, NPs2). The results demonstrated significant yet diverse impacts of different TiO forms on the rhizosphere microbiota.

Characterizing SV40-hTERT Immortalized Human Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cells as Model System for Mechanical Stretch-Induced Lung Injury.

Drug development for human disease relies on preclinical model systems such as human cell cultures and animal experiments before therapeutic treatments can ultimately be tested on humans in clinical studies. We here describe the generation of a novel human cell line (HLMVEC/SVTERT289) that we generated by transfection of microvascular endothelial cells from healthy donor lung tissue with the catalytic domain of telomerase and the SV40 large T/small t-antigen. These cells exhibited satisfactory growth characteristics and largely maintained their native characteristics, including morphology, cell surface marker expression, angiogenic potential and the protein composition of secreted extracellular vesicles.

Irisin and Metastatic Melanoma: Selective Anti-Invasiveness Activity in BRAF Wild-Type Cells.

Irisin is a newly discovered 12 kDa messenger protein involved in energy metabolism. Irisin affects signaling pathways in several types of cancer; however, the role of irisin in metastatic melanoma (MM) has not been described yet. We explored the biological effects of irisin in in vitro models of MM cells (HBL, LND1, Hmel1 and M3) capable of the oncogenic activation of BRAF.

Re-Examination Characterization and Screening of Stripe Rust Resistance Gene of Wheat Gene Family Based on the Transcriptome in Xinchun 32.

Pathogenesis-related protein-1 (PR1) encodes a water-soluble protein produced in plants after pathogen infection or abiotic stimulation. It plays a crucial role in plant-induced resistance by attacking pathogens, degrading cell wall macromolecules and pathogen toxins, and inhibiting the binding of viral coat proteins to plant receptor molecules. Compared to model plants, the mechanism of action of PR1 in wheat remains underexplored.

Characterizing Circulating microRNA Signatures of Type 2 Diabetes Subtypes.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Recent studies suggest that T2D subtypes may exhibit distinct gene expression profiles. In this study, we aimed to identify T2D cluster-specific miRNA expression signatures for the previously reported five clinical subtypes that characterize the underlying pathophysiology of long-standing T2D: severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD), severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD), mild age-related diabetes (MARD), mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD), and mild early-onset diabetes (MEOD).

Deciphering the Proteome and Phosphoproteome of Peanut ( L.) Pegs Penetrating into the Soil.

Peanut ( L.) is one of the most important crops for oil and protein production. The unique characteristic of peanut is geocarpy, which means that it blooms aerially and the peanut gynophores (pegs) penetrate into the soil, driving the fruit underground.