Longitudinal study for the early detection of autism in children with very preterm birth.

Introduction: Very preterm birth is an important risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of this study is the early detection of ASD risk, using a follow-up protocol, in children weighing less than 1500 g at birth or born before 32 weeks of gestation.

Methods: This is a prospective longitudinal study in which a total of 133 very premature babies were monitored to the age of 2 years with the M-CHAT autism screening test and, in the event of a positive result, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2).

Sacituzumab govitecan for hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative advanced breast cancer.

Introduction: Initial treatment for hormone-receptor positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer (ABC) typically involves endocrine therapy (ET) combined with different targeted agents. When hormonal therapies fail, until recently, the only option available was chemotherapy (ChT), presenting a significant therapeutic challenge. However, the recent introduction of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) has provided new treatment alternatives in this context.

A Phase I Study of the Pan-Notch Inhibitor CB-103 for Patients with Advanced Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma and Other Tumors.

Purpose: CB-103 selectively inhibits the CSL-NICD (Notch intracellular domain) interaction leading to transcriptional downregulation of oncogenic Notch pathway activation. This dose-escalation/expansion study aimed to determine safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor activity.

Experimental Design: Patients ≥18 years of age with selected advanced solid tumors [namely, adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC)] and hematologic malignancies were eligible.

Isolated Adductor Magnus Injuries in Athletes: A Case Series.

Background: Little is known about injuries to the adductor magnus (AM) muscle and how to manage them.

Purpose: To describe the injury mechanisms of the AM and its histoarchitecture, clinical characteristics, and imaging features in elite athletes.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Correlation of Pre- and Post-radio-chemotherapy MRI Texture Features With Tumor Response in Rectal Cancer.

Background/aim: The present study aimed to investigate radiomics features derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated data of 53 patients (32 males, 21 females) with T3/T4 or N+ rectal cancer who underwent MRI before and after CRT. Twenty-seven texture radiomics features were extracted from regions of interest, delimiting the tumor on T2-weighted images.

Consensus and Diversity in the Management of Varicocele for Male Infertility: Results of a Global Practice Survey and Comparison with Guidelines and Recommendations.

Purpose: Varicocele is a common problem among infertile men. Varicocele repair (VR) is frequently performed to improve semen parameters and the chances of pregnancy. However, there is a lack of consensus about the diagnosis, indications for VR and its outcomes.

Prevalence of inappropriate prescribing in complex chronic patients: Time trends in a health department of Valencia, Spain (2015-2019).

Background And Objective: Inappropriate prescribing (IP) is an important cause of health problems among elderly and complex chronic patients (CCPs).

Objective: Surveillance of IP prevalence among elderly and CCPs in a health department. IP time trends across the period 2015-2019.

Nicotinamide Riboside and Pterostilbene Cooperatively Delay Motor Neuron Failure in ALS SOD1 Mice.

Oxidative stress-induced damage is a major mechanism in the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A recent human clinical trial showed that the combination of nicotinamide riboside (NR) and pterostilbene (PT), molecules with potential to interfere in that mechanism, was efficacious in ALS patients. We examined the effect of these molecules in SOD1 transgenic mice, a well-stablished model of ALS.

Oral Manifestations of Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome: Genotype-Phenotype Correlation Analysis.

Background: Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a rare disease caused by deletion in the distal moiety of the short arm of chromosome 4. The objectives of this study were to report the most representative oral findings of WHS, relate them with other clinical characteristics of the disease, and establish possible phenotype-genotype correlation.

Methods: The study was conducted at 6 reference centers distributed throughout Spain during 2018-2019.

Using Genetics in Periodontal Disease to Justify Implant Failure in Down Syndrome Patients.

Unlabelled: Peri-implant bone loss leading to dental implant failure does not develop in the same way across subjects who apparently present the same condition-specifically, in the case of Down syndrome patients with the same genetic disorder-given that they do not necessarily develop immune-inflammatory disorders to the same extent.

Methods: This retrospective case-control study was aimed at identifying the possible genes involved in implant failure in Down syndrome patients by matching the periodontal disease variable by means of a retrospective case-control study. This process involved using the functional analysis of gene expression software Transcriptome Analysis Console (TAC, Affymetrix, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and a search for the possible candidate genes involved.

Melanoma in the liver: Oxidative stress and the mechanisms of metastatic cell survival.

Metastatic melanoma is a fatal disease with a rapid systemic dissemination. The most frequent target sites are the liver, bone, and brain. Melanoma metastases represent a heterogeneous cell population, which associates with genomic instability and resistance to therapy.

Glucocorticoid receptor antagonism overcomes resistance to BRAF inhibition in BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma.

Clinical applications of glucocorticoids (GC) in Oncology are dependent on their pro-apoptotic action to treat lymphoproliferative cancers, and to alleviate side effects induced by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. However, the mechanism(s) by which GC may also promote tumor progression remains unclear. GC receptor (GR) knockdown decreases the antioxidant protection of highly metastatic B16-F10 melanoma cells.

Differential Expression of Inflammation-Related Genes in Down Syndrome Patients with or without Periodontal Disease.

Aim: Aware that Down Syndrome patients present among their clinical characteristics impaired immunity, the aim of this study is to identify the statistically significant differences in inflammation-related gene expression by comparing Down Syndrome patients with Periodontal Disease (DS+PD+) with Down Syndrome patients without Periodontal Disease (DS+PD-), and their relationship with periodontitis as a chronic oral inflammatory clinical feature.

Materials And Methods: Case study and controls on eleven Down Syndrome patients (DS+PD+ vs. DS+PD-).

Development of a Scale to Measure an Unemployment Syndrome: Items Generation and Content Validity.

Purpose: To develop a scale for a group of symptoms based on the unemployment syndrome.

Methods: The development consisted of four phases: (I) review of literature, (II) concept elicitation, (III) concept selection and item construction, and (IV) content validation.

Findings: Twenty final items that were established as adequate for being included in the instrument.

Metallothioneins in Failure of Dental Implants and Periodontitis Down Syndrome Patients.

Background: Sometimes dental implants seem to be the only therapeutic alternative for the oral rehabilitation of patients with Down syndrome, given that they usually lose all their teeth early due to suffering aggressive periodontitis and they do not usually have the skills required to wear removable prostheses. However, the evolution of dental implants in these patients shows very adverse results. It is possible that basal genetic alterations, or at least some characteristics of these, may underlie these clinical results.

The prognosis of patients hospitalized with a first episode of heart failure, validation of two scores: PREDICE and AHEAD.

Purpose: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic, frequent and disabling condition but with a modifiable course and a large potential for improving. The aim of this study was to validate the two available clinical prediction rules for mortality at one year in patients with primo-hospitalization for decompensated HF: PREDICE and AHEAD. The secondary aim was to evaluate in our setting the changes in the clinical pattern of HF in the last decade in patients hospitalized for a first episode of the disease.

Auditory hallucinations in first-episode psychosis: A voxel-based morphometry study.

Background: Auditory hallucinations (AH) are a core symptom of psychosis. The brain abnormalities responsible for AH remain controversial due to inconsistent and conflicting findings across studies, with substantial confounding factors, such as chronicity. Few studies have examined the pathological changes that occur in the gray matter (GM) of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and AH.

Longitudinal studies of functional magnetic resonance imaging in first-episode psychosis: A systematic review.

Background: Little is known about changes in brain functioning after first-episode psychosis (FEP). Such knowledge is important for predicting the course of disease and adapting interventions. Functional magnetic resonance imaging has become a promising tool for exploring brain function at the time of symptom onset and at follow-up.

Increased rotational flow in the proximal aortic arch is associated with its dilation in bicuspid aortic valve disease.

Aims: Aortic dilation in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) might extend to the proximal arch. Arch flow dynamics and their relationship with this segment dilation are still unexplored. Using 4D-flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance, we analysed flow dynamics in the arch for each BAV morphotype and their association with this segment dilation.

Changes of salivary biomarkers under different storage conditions: effects of temperature and length of storage.

Introduction: In this report, we aimed to examine the stability of various analytes in saliva under different storage conditions.

Materials And Methods: Alpha-amylase (AMY), cholinesterase (CHE), lipase (Lip), total esterase (TEA), creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), lactate (Lact), adenosine deaminase (ADA), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing ability (FRAS), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), uric acid (UA), catalase (CAT), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and hydrogen peroxide (HO) were colorimetrically measured in saliva obtained by passive drool from 12 healthy voluntary donors at baseline and after 3, 6, 24, 72 hours, 7 and 14 days at room temperature (RT) and 4 ºC, and after 14 days, 1, 3 and 6 months at - 20 ºC and - 80 ºC.

Results: At RT, changes appeared at 6 hours for TEA and HO; 24 hours for Lip, CK, ADA and CUPRAC; and 72 hours for LD, Lact, FRAS, UA and AOPP.

Is there a role for immunotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer?

Although the prognosis and prediction of therapeutic benefit for breast cancer patients overexpressing the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) have dramatically changed with the administration of anti-HER2-targeted therapies, HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer is still an incurable disease. Thus, new and better therapeutic options are urgently needed. Among them, are the agents stemming from the field of immunology that have been the focus of impressive scientific progress and new therapeutic opportunities seem to emerge "every day" in a variety of tumor types.

Changes in lactate, ferritin, and uric acid in saliva after repeated explosive effort sequences.

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in a panel of biomarkers including lactate, ferritin, and uric acid in saliva of untrained and trained subjects after repeated explosive effort sequences, and to analyze the differences in interpretation of these biomarkers depending on the way the data is expressed (without any correction or corrected by protein content or flow).

Methods: Eighteen volunteers (11 untrained and 7 trained) performed 8 consecutive explosive effort sequences (60-meters sprints). Blood and saliva samples were collected before and after each sequence.