Prevalence and characteristics of online child sexual victimization: Findings from the Australian Child Maltreatment Study.

Background: Online child sexual victimization is increasingly facilitated by technology, but evidence of its prevalence and characteristics remains scarce. Reliable population-based data is critical to understand the magnitude and nature of the problem, and inform evidence-based prevention.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of nonconsensual sharing of sexual images of the child by any perpetrator, and of online sexual solicitation by any adult perpetrator; and to determine the characteristics of these experiences.

Disclosure and non-disclosure of childhood sexual abuse in Australia: Results from a national survey.

Background: Little population-based evidence exists about prevalence of lifetime disclosure and non-disclosure of child sexual abuse (CSA). Evidence is lacking about disclosure by girls and women compared with boys and men, and gender diverse individuals. It is unclear if disclosure is more common in contemporary society, and if disclosure is influenced by abuse severity and perpetrator type.

The Use of a Digital Well-Being App (Stay Strong App) With Indigenous People in Prison: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Indigenous Australians in custody experience much greater rates of poor mental health and well-being than those of the general community, and these problems are not adequately addressed. Digital mental health strategies offer innovative opportunities to address the problems, but little is known about their feasibility in or impact on this population.

Objective: This study aims to conduct a pilot trial evaluating the impact of adding the Stay Strong app to mental health and well-being services for Indigenous women and men in custody.

RESILIENCE (Retrospective Linkage Study of Autoimmune Encephalitis): protocol for an Australian retrospective cohort study of outcomes in autoimmune encephalitis using data linkage techniques.

Introduction: The autoimmune encephalitides (AE) are a heterogeneous group of neurological disorders with significant morbidity and healthcare costs. Despite advancements in understanding their pathophysiology, uncertainties persist regarding long-term prognosis and optimal management. This study aims to address these gaps, focusing on immunotherapeutic strategies, neoplastic associations and functional outcomes.

A global survey addressing sustainability of pollen monitoring.

Background: Contemporary airborne pollen records underpin environmental health warnings, yet how pollen monitoring networks are sustained is poorly understood. This study investigated by whom and how pollen monitoring sites across the globe are managed and funded.

Methods: Coordinators listed in the Worldwide Map of Pollen Monitoring Stations were invited to complete a digital questionnaire designed to survey the people and organisations involved, types, and duration of funding sources, as well as uses, purpose, and sharing of pollen information.

Effect of introduction of a rapid response system and increasing Medical Emergency Team (MET) activity on mortality over a 20-year period in a paediatric specialist hospital.

Background: Rapid Response Systems are hospital-wide patient-focused systems aiming to improve recognition of acute deterioration in patients and trigger a rapid response aimed at preventing potentially avoidable adverse events such as cardiac arrest and death. In 1994, the Royal Children's Hospital in Brisbane, Australia, was one of the first institutions to adopt a paediatric rapid response system (RRS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of both introduction of a paediatric RRS and increasing RRS activations (MET dose) on hospital mortality.

Pyroptotic cell corpses are crowned with F-actin-rich filopodia that engage CLEC9A signaling in incoming dendritic cells.

While apoptosis dismantles the cell to enforce immunological silence, pyroptotic cell death provokes inflammation. Little is known of the structural architecture of cells undergoing pyroptosis, and whether pyroptotic corpses are immunogenic. Here we report that inflammasomes trigger the Gasdermin-D- and calcium-dependent eruption of filopodia from the plasma membrane minutes before pyroptotic cell rupture, to crown the resultant corpse with filopodia.

Challenges in management of abnormal thyroid function tests in unwell infants: A tertiary centre real-world experience.

Aim: Abnormal thyroid function tests (TFTs) are found in a wide range of settings in hospitalised infants. This retrospective descriptive study reviewed management decisions and outcomes of these infants, identifying factors influencing clinicians' decision to treat with thyroxine.

Methods: Data were collected for all infants referred to the on-call endocrinology service at a tertiary Australian centre for thyroid dysfunction between 1 July 2019 and 30 June 2021.

Modular design workflow for 3D printable bioresorbable patient-specific bone scaffolds: extended features and clinical validation.

A previously in-house developed patient-specific scaffold design workflow was extended with new features to overcome several limitations and to broaden its adaptability to diverse bone defects, thereby enhancing its fit for routine clinical use. It was applied to three clinical cases for further validation. A virtual surgical resection tool was developed to remove regions of the bone defect models.

A Scoping Review of Intervention Outcomes for School Students With Communication Difficulties.

Purpose: For speech-language pathologists (SLPs) working in schools, outcome measurement is an important element of practice, enabling us to evaluate the efficacy of our service provision and guiding future decision making, funding, and resource allocation. When selecting outcomes to measure, it is helpful to consider both the level at which change may be occurring and the extent or impact of that change. The primary aim of this review was to identify the outcomes measured in intervention studies for school-aged children with speech, language, and communication difficulties (SLCD) using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health to classify the outcomes.

RANZCP Position Statement 46: A missed opportunity to provide sophisticated guidance on asylum seeker and refugee policy.

Objective: To stimulate discussion on how the RANZCP can contribute more constructively to the debate over Australia's immigration policies.

Conclusions: Updated in March 2024, RANZCP Position Statement 46, titled: 'The provision of mental health services for asylum seekers and refugees', continues the College's advocacy for a compassionate stance towards asylum seekers and refugees on the grounds of preventing or improving their mental health. College statements over the last decade have raised concerns about policies that are designed to deter boat arrivals; and recently, have endorsed the High Court's NZYQ decision to mandate community release of detained non-Australian citizens deemed to have failed 'the character test' under the .

Neurological Monitoring and Management for Adult Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients: Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Consensus Guidelines.

Background: Critical care of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with acute brain injury (ABI) is notable for a lack of high-quality clinical evidence. Here, we offer guidelines for neurological care (neurological monitoring and management) of adults during and after ECMO support.

Methods: These guidelines are based on clinical practice consensus recommendations and scientific statements.

Exploring the journey to genomic testing and genetic services: A qualitative study of parental perspectives of children with rare conditions.

Despite affecting a small portion of the population, rare conditions have a significant impact, collectively affecting around 300 million people worldwide. Historically, early diagnosis has been impeded by failure to recognize rare conditions and order/refer for appropriate genomic testing. The advancements in genome sequencing offer a more agnostic and accelerated approach to the identification and diagnosis of rare disorders, potentially improving health outcomes, reducing the impact of disability, and reducing financial and psychological burdens on families.

Australian general practice registrars' billing patterns: a cross-sectional analysis from the Registrars Clinical Encounters in Training (ReCEnT) study.

Background: In Australia, a government insurance scheme (Medicare) pays set rebates for a range of distinct general practitioner (GP) services. GPs may 'bulk-bill' and accept the Medicare rebate fee directly, or 'privately-bill' by charging the patient a higher fee that is partially reimbursed by Medicare. The billing behaviour of Australian GP registrars (trainees) and their decision to bulk- or privately-bill patients is an evidence gap.

Community-associated methicillin-resistant in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, epidemiology and burden on hospitals.

This study presents surveillance data from 1 July 2003 to 30 June 2023 for community-associated methicillin-resistant (CA-MRSA) notified in the Kimberley region of Western Australia (WA) and describes the region's changing CA-MRSA epidemiology over this period. A subset of CA-MRSA notifications from 1 July 2003 to 30 June 2015 were linked to inpatient and emergency department records. Episodes of care (EOC) during which a positive CA-MRSA specimen was collected within the first 48 hours of admission and emergency presentations (EP) during which a positive CA-MRSA specimen was collected on the same day as presentation were selected and analysed further.

Clinical Snapshot of Group A Streptococcal Isolates from an Australian Tertiary Hospital.

(Group A , GAS) is a human-restricted pathogen that causes a wide range of diseases from pharyngitis and scarlet fever to more severe, invasive infections such as necrotising fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. There has been a global increase in both scarlet fever and invasive infections during the COVID-19 post-pandemic period. The aim of this study was the molecular characterisation of 17 invasive and non-invasive clinical non-1 GAS isolates from an Australian tertiary hospital collected between 2021 and 2022.