Post-traumatic stress disorder in the Australian Defence Force: estimating prevalence from defence electronic health system records.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in serving members of the Australian Defence Force (ADF) in the year 2015-2016.

Methods: The electronic health records of serving members of the ADF were screened for the term PTSD over a 12-month period. A 10% sample of these records were examined alongside a randomised matched sample of records.

Rates of colorectal cancer diagnosis and mortality in people with severe mental illness: results from Australia's National Bowel Cancer Screening Programme.

Aims: Studies show that people with severe mental illness (SMI) have a greater risk of dying from colorectal cancer (CRC). These studies mostly predate the introduction of national bowel cancer screening programmes (NBCSPs) and it is unknown if these have reduced disparity in CRC-related mortality for people with SMI.

Methods: We compared mortality rates following CRC diagnosis at colonoscopy between a nationally representative sample of people with and without SMI who participated in Australia's NBCSP.

Alcohol-attributed disease burden and formal alcohol policies in the Nordic countries (1990-2019): an analysis using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

It is still unclear how changes in alcohol control policies may have contributed to changes in overall levels of alcohol-attributed harm between and within the Nordic countries. We modified and applied the Bridging the Gap (BtG)-scale to measure the restrictiveness of a set of alcohol control policies for each Nordic country and each year between 1990 and 2019. Alcohol-attributed harm was measured as total and sex-specific alcohol-attributed disease burden by age-standardized years of life losts (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100 000 population from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD).

Cognitive behavioural therapy versus other interventions on mental health in people with sensory impairments: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Sensory impairments can negatively affect people's quality of life and daily functioning, including anxiety and depression symptoms. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) could be an effective intervention to alleviate these, however its effectiveness compared to other interventions have not been examined. The aim of this review was to examine the effectiveness of CBT versus other interventions on anxiety and depression symptoms in people with hearing, visual, and other sensory impairments.

Prevalence and characteristics of online child sexual victimization: Findings from the Australian Child Maltreatment Study.

Background: Online child sexual victimization is increasingly facilitated by technology, but evidence of its prevalence and characteristics remains scarce. Reliable population-based data is critical to understand the magnitude and nature of the problem, and inform evidence-based prevention.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of nonconsensual sharing of sexual images of the child by any perpetrator, and of online sexual solicitation by any adult perpetrator; and to determine the characteristics of these experiences.

Disclosure and non-disclosure of childhood sexual abuse in Australia: Results from a national survey.

Background: Little population-based evidence exists about prevalence of lifetime disclosure and non-disclosure of child sexual abuse (CSA). Evidence is lacking about disclosure by girls and women compared with boys and men, and gender diverse individuals. It is unclear if disclosure is more common in contemporary society, and if disclosure is influenced by abuse severity and perpetrator type.

The Use of a Digital Well-Being App (Stay Strong App) With Indigenous People in Prison: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Indigenous Australians in custody experience much greater rates of poor mental health and well-being than those of the general community, and these problems are not adequately addressed. Digital mental health strategies offer innovative opportunities to address the problems, but little is known about their feasibility in or impact on this population.

Objective: This study aims to conduct a pilot trial evaluating the impact of adding the Stay Strong app to mental health and well-being services for Indigenous women and men in custody.

Antipsychotic medications and risk of respiratory failure in the respiratory high dependency unit.

Background: There is a high incidence of serious mental illness (SMI) and antipsychotic use in the respiratory high dependence unit (HDU) compared with the general population. However, there is a paucity of data in the extant literature evaluating the relationships between respiratory failure and antipsychotics.

Aims: To investigate the relationship between antipsychotics and respiratory failure in people admitted to a respiratory HDU, and to gain a better understanding of the potential impact of antipsychotic medications on respiratory outcomes.

Mental Health Disorder Trends in Denmark According to Age, Calendar Period, and Birth Cohort.

Importance: Research suggests an increase in mental disorder incidence in recent years, but this trend remains unexplained, and there is a lack of large studies based on a representative sample that investigate mental disorders over the full spectrum.

Objective: To explore sex- and age-specific incidence of any mental disorder and 19 specific disorders according to birth cohort and calendar period.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a population-based cohort study among 5 936 202 individuals aged 1 to 80 years living in Denmark at some point between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2021.

Taking a strengths-based approach to mental health in rural communities: A systematic literature review.

Objectives: This review aimed to 1) identify existing rural strengths in the literature that proposed a relationship to mental health, 2) classify strengths into a socioecological framework, and 3) identify which strengths make a conceptual link to improved mental health.

Methods: Literature was systematically reviewed using online databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Scopus). Applicable original research studies that met the inclusion criteria, published (1990-2022) from Australia, Canada, and the United States were thematically analysed.

Service coverage for major depressive disorder: estimated rates of minimally adequate treatment for 204 countries and territories in 2021.

Background: Access to effective treatment for major depressive disorder remains limited and difficult to track across place and time. We analysed the available data on minimally adequate treatment (MAT) for major depressive disorder globally with the aim of providing a useful metric against which to monitor national responses to the growing public health burden imposed by major depressive disorder.

Methods: MAT was defined as pharmacotherapy (1 month of medication, plus four visits to a medical doctor) or psychotherapy (eight visits with any professional).

Policy implications of the 2020-22 Australian study of mental health and wellbeing.

The objective of this paper is to summarise the policy implications of key findings from the 2020-22 Australian National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing (NSMHWB). We provide an analysis of policy implications of four papers in this issue of the journal from the 2020-22 NSMHWB ( = 15,893) and the 2007 NSMHWB ( = 8841). The 2020-2022 NSMHWB reported a lifetime prevalence rate of common mental disorders of 40.

Dimensions of Child Maltreatment in Australians With a History of Out-of-Home Care.

Research suggests that the dimensions of childhood maltreatment (type, age of onset, duration, frequency and perpetrator) play an important role in determining health and wellbeing outcomes, though little information is available on these dimensions for any care experienced cohorts. This study aimed to determine if any variation in maltreatment dimensions were experienced between two subsets of the nationally representative Australian Child Maltreatment Study, both of which reported childhood maltreatment histories: care-experienced ( = 358) and non-care-experienced ( = 4922). Using a series of independent t-tests and chi-square tests, we compared the two groups on seven dimensions (number of maltreatment types, range of maltreatment items, age of onset, duration, frequency, perpetrator number, and perpetrator type) for the five child maltreatment types (physical, emotional, sexual abuse, neglect, and exposure to domestic violence).

Risk factors associated with child maltreatment in the second generation of a prospective longitudinal Australian birth cohort: A MUSP study.

Background: Abuse and neglect affect over 1.7 billion children worldwide. While the consequences of child maltreatment (CM) across the life course are well understood, there remains ambiguity surrounding the risk factors associated with CM.

The association between respiratory failure and psychotropic medications: A systematic review.

Objective: To examine the association between psychotropic medication usage and respiratory failure.

Methods: A systematic search of Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Trial Registry databases for publications that evaluated the association between respiratory failure and the use of psychotropic medications in patients with chronic mental health disorders was performed.

Results: Nine studies were included, with a total of 170,435 participants.

Protocol for Cancloz: multicentre randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group adaptive trial of cannabidiol for clozapine-resistant schizophrenia.

Background: Although clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic for people with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), only 40% of people with TRS respond, and there is limited evidence for augmentation agents. Cannabidiol (CBD) reduces positive symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia, but no trials have specifically examined its efficacy in those with clozapine-resistant schizophrenia.

Aims: To examine the clinical efficacy of CBD augmentation in people with clozapine-resistant schizophrenia.