Large language models in periodontology: Assessing their performance in clinically relevant questions.

Statement Of Problem: Although the use of artificial intelligence (AI) seems promising and may assist dentists in clinical practice, the consequences of inaccurate or even harmful responses are paramount. Research is required to examine whether large language models (LLMs) can be used in accessing periodontal content reliably.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the evidence-based potential of answers provided by 4 LLMs to common clinical questions in the field of periodontology.

Clinical and radiographic assessment of the association between orthodontic mini-screws and periodontal health.

Objectives: Proper anchorage control is crucial for predictable tooth movement and preventing inadequate torque during orthodontic treatment. Through clinical and radiographic parameters; this study assesses the association between mini-screws and periodontal health.

Materials And Methods: A prospective observational study included 16 systemically healthy non-smoking individuals requiring mini-screws.

Goal commitment is supported by vmPFC through selective attention.

When striking a balance between commitment to a goal and flexibility in the face of better options, people often demonstrate strong goal perseveration. Here, using functional MRI (n = 30) and lesion patient (n = 26) studies, we argue that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) drives goal commitment linked to changes in goal-directed selective attention. Participants performed an incremental goal pursuit task involving sequential decisions between persisting with a goal versus abandoning progress for better alternative options.

Local drug delivery in the treatment of furcation defects in periodontitis: a systematic review.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of subgingival administration of various antimicrobials and host-modulating agents in furcation defects as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) compared to SRP alone or combined with placebo.

Methods: A systematic review was carried out using MEDLINE-PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for articles up to October 2022 in addition to hand searches. All longitudinal studies that evaluated the effect of subgingival application of antimicrobial and host-modulating agents in furcation defects as adjuncts to SRP compared to SRP alone or SRP + placebo with at least 3 months of follow-up were eligible for inclusion.

Association between periodontal inflamed surface area and serum acute phase biomarkers in patients with sickle cell anemia.

Objectives: The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) and serum inflammatory biomarkers in patients with sickle cell anemia.

Design: Patients with sickle cell anemia (n = 80) and systemically healthy individuals (n = 80) were enrolled in the study. Crisis episodes were recorded and blood samples were collected from patients with sickle cell anemia.

Periodontitis and implant complications in diabetes.

Epidemiologic evidence indicates that periodontitis is more frequent in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus than in healthy controls, suggesting that it could be considered the "sixth complication" of diabetes. Actually, diabetes mellitus and periodontitis are two extraordinarily prevalent chronic diseases that share a number of comorbidities all converging toward an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Periodontal treatment has recently been shown to have the potential to improve the metabolic control of diabetes, although long-term studies are lacking.

Expression of Wnt signaling agonists and antagonists in periodontitis and healthy subjects, before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment: A systematic review.

Periodontitis is a preventable and treatable multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease that can lead to irreversible periodontal destruction and tooth loss. Wnt signaling and its regulators play an important role in periodontal inflammation, destruction, regeneration, and reconstruction. This systematic review aimed at investigating the involvement of Wnt signaling agonists and antagonists in periodontitis and healthy subjects, before and after periodontal treatment.

Postextraction ridge preservation by using dense PTFE membranes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Statement Of Problem: The use of dense polytetrafluoroethylene (dPTFE) membranes in alveolar ridge preservation may help reduce the risk of bacterial contamination and infection, maintaining the soft-tissue anatomy. However, systematic reviews on their efficacy in postextraction sites are lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of alveolar ridge preservation with dPTFE membranes when used alone or in combination with bone grafting materials in postextraction sites.

Effects of calcium silicate-based cements on odonto/osteogenic differentiation potential in mesenchymal stem cells.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological effects and odonto/osteogenic differentiation potential of Biodentine, NeoMTA Plus and TheraCal LC in tooth germ-derived stem cells (TGSCs). TGSCs were exposed to the material extracts. Biocompatibility was tested with MTS cell proliferation assay.

Patterns of subgingival microbiota in different periodontal phenotypes.

Objectives: To compare the subgingival microbiota of patients with aggressive (AgP) or chronic periodontitis (CP) to healthy (H), non-periodontitis patients as well as to explore their relevant associations to different host genetic variants.

Methods: Following clinical examination, blood and subgingival plaque sampling of 471 study participants (125 AgP, 121 CP, 225 H), subgingival community analysis was performed by next generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA. Microbial data from 266 participants (75 AgP, 95 CP, 98 H) were available for analysis.

The cytotoxic effects of various endodontic irrigants on the viability of dental mesenchymal stem cells.

This study aimed to evaluate cytotoxic effects of various irrigation solutions used in regenerative endodontic treatments (RETs) on mesenchymal stem cells, and further examine the long-term effect of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) on the cell viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Stem cells were exposed to various concentrations of NaOCl, EDTA, chlorhexidine (CHX), etidronic acid (HEDP)/NaOCl combination and HOCl. HOCl was tested for its effects on ALP activity up to 21 days.

Expression of inflammatory biomarkers and growth factors in gingival crevicular fluid at different healing intervals following non-surgical periodontal treatment: A systematic review.

Background: Non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) is widely employed for the treatment of periodontal disease and yields significant clinical improvements. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) can be used to profile health and disease, and recent technological advances, such as multiplex bead immunoassays, are promising in identifying a wider array of GCF factors with the ultimate aim to predict the treatment response.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to compare the expression of GCF markers using multiplex bead immunoassays before treatment and during early, average, or late healing period, following non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT).

Association of oral health-related quality of life measures with aggressive and chronic periodontitis.

Background And Objective: Evidence suggests that periodontitis has a negative effect on the quality of life of an individual, with increased impacts by greater disease severity. The aim of this study was to assess the association between quality of life and the presence of different severity and forms of periodontitis (aggressive and chronic), compared to a disease-free control group.

Materials And Methods: Four hundred and seventy one study participants were classified according to periodontal diagnosis using the 1999 Consensus Classification into chronic periodontitis (CP), aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and periodontally healthy.

Regenerative surgery versus access flap for the treatment of intra-bony periodontal defects: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The aim of this systematic review was to compare clinical, radiographic and patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) in intra-bony defects treated with regenerative surgery or access flap.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review protocol was written following the PRISMA checklist. Electronic and hand searches were performed to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on regenerative treatment of deep intra-bony defects (≥3 mm) with a follow-up of at least 12 months.

Heritability of periodontitis: A systematic review of evidence from animal studies.

Objective: The aim of this study was to quantify the heritability of periodontitis via a systematic appraisal of the existing evidence derived from animal studies.

Design: A search was conducted through the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, Cochrane Library, Open Grey, Google Scholar and ResearchGate, complemented by a hand search, for studies reporting measures of heritability of periodontitis. After full-text reading, 7 studies conducted on animal models met the inclusion criteria.

Expression of gingival crevicular fluid markers during early and late healing of intrabony defects after surgical treatment: a systematic review.

Background: Surgical treatments such as guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and access flap surgery are widely employed for the treatment of intrabony defects. However, little is known regarding the postoperative expression of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) markers.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to compare the expression of GCF markers following treatment of periodontal intrabony defects with guided tissue regeneration or access surgery.

Periodontal status of children with primary immunodeficiencies: a systematic review.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to appraise the existing literature on periodontal disease in children affected by different types of neutrophil-associated primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs).

Methods: A PRESS-validated search strategy was developed to search through databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS, Google Scholar and Open Grey. All included studies were assessed for methodological quality and risk of bias.

Empirical or microbiologically guided systemic antimicrobials as adjuncts to non-surgical periodontal therapy? A systematic review.

Background: It is unclear whether patients with specific subgingival microbiological profiles benefit more from adjunctive systemic antibiotics.

Aims: To answer the question: "What is the clinical benefit in periodontitis patients taking adjunctive systemic antimicrobials to non-surgical therapy, depending on pre-treatment detection of periodontopathogenic bacteria?"

Materials And Methods: A search was conducted in four electronic databases for randomized controlled trials reporting clinical outcomes following adjunctive antibiotic therapy for patients divided by baseline microbiological profiles.

Results: The initial search resulted in 643 papers, reduced to five after screening and author contact.

Anemia of inflammation associated with periodontitis: Analysis of two clinical studies.

Background: While leukocytosis is a common feature of severe periodontitis, a smaller amount of evidence has been produced on erythrocytes counts in periodontitis, suggesting a possible tendency to anemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between periodontitis and circulating leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets.

Methods: The study included 471 patients with periodontitis (including aggressive periodontitis [AgP], and chronic periodontitis [CP]) and periodontal health.

"The Longest Way Round Is The Shortest Way Home": An Overhaul of Surgical Ward Rounds.

Background: Ward rounds, a keystone of hospital surgical practice, have recently been under the spotlight. Poor-quality ward rounds can lead to a greater number of adverse events, thereby cascading to an increased financial strain on our already burdened healthcare systems. Faced with mounting pressures from both outside and inside health organizations, concerted efforts are required to restore it back into prominence where it can no longer take a backseat to the other duties of a surgeon.

The effect of furcation involvement on tooth loss in a population without regular periodontal therapy.

Aim: We aimed to assess the association between furcation involvement (FI) and tooth loss for subjects not undergoing regular periodontal treatment.

Materials And Methods: Data from 2333 subjects participating in the baseline and 11-year follow-up of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) were used. All subjects had half-mouth periodontal examinations, including FI in one upper and one lower molar, at baseline.