Does ethnicity influence bone health index in children? A pilot study.

Background: Several pathological conditions can lead to variations in bone mineral content during growth. When assessing bone age, bone mineral content can be estimated without supplementary cost and irradiation. Manual assessment of bone quality using the Exton-Smith index (ESI) and automated assessment of the bone health index (BHI) provided by the BoneXpert® software are available but still not validated in different ethnic groups.

Fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion vs expectant management for fetuses with severe left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Background: The treatment of fetuses with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia is challenging, but there is evidence that fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion has a benefit over expectant care. In addition, standardization and expertism have a great impact on survival and are probably crucial in centers that rely on expectant management with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after birth.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the survival and morbidity rates of fetuses with a severe isolated left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia who underwent fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion vs expectant management in high-volume centers.

Asymptomatic Scalp Carriage among Household Contacts of Children Affected by Tinea Capitis: A Prospective Study in the Metropolitan Area of Brussels, Belgium.

Introduction: Tinea capitis (TC) is a superficial fungal infection affecting the scalp. The existence of asymptomatic carriers (ACs) could represent a potential reservoir responsible of (re)contamination and failure of treatment. No prospective studies on ACs in household contacts of TC patients in Europe have been published to date.

Carbamazepine efficacy in a severe electro-clinical presentation of SLC13A5-epilepsy.

Recessive mutations in the SLC13A5 gene encoding the sodium-dependent citrate transporter are a recently identified cause of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Here, we describe a child harboring a novel homozygous loss-of-function mutation in the SLC13A5 gene (c.1496C>T-p.

Management of COVID-19-Positive Pediatric Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures: Systematic Review and Recommendations of the Board of European Society of Pediatric Endoscopic Surgeons.

Hospital response to the COVID-19 outbreak has involved the cancellation of elective, deferrable surgeries throughout Europe in order to ensure capacity for emergent surgery and a selection of elective but non-deferrable surgeries. The purpose of this document is to propose technical strategies to assist the pediatric surgeons to minimize the potential aerosolization of viral particles in COVID-19 patients undergoing urgent or emergent surgical treatment using laparoscopic approaches, based on the currently available literature. The situation and recommendations are subject to change with emerging information.

Measuring the nursing workload in intensive care with the Nursing Activities Score (NAS): A prospective study in 16 hospitals in Belgium.

Purpose: The evaluation of nursing workload is a common practice in intensive care units (ICUs). It allows the calculation of an optimal nurse/patient ratio (N/P) which is a major challenge to ensuring the quality of care while controlling the costs of health care. The objectives of this study were, therefore, to evaluate the N/P ratio and to study nursing activities in intensive care in French-speaking Belgium.

Multidisciplinary surgical strategy for dumbbell neuroblastoma: A single-center experience of 32 cases.

Introduction: Prognosis of dumbbell neuroblastoma (NBL) is mainly determined by the sequelae induced by the tumor itself and the neurosurgical approach. However, after primary chemotherapy, surgical management of the residual tumor, especially the spinal canal component, remains controversial.

Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study over the last 15 years (2002-2017) including patients treated for NBL with spinal canal extension focusing on timing and type of surgery, complications, and functional and oncological follow-up.

Adapted first-line treatment of infection in Algerian children.

Background: () infection is acquired in early life and continues to have a high prevalence, especially in developing countries. Growing antibiotic-resistant strains necessitate adapted treatments. This study aimed to compare the efficacy, side effects, and influence of resistance of strains between two different treatments.

Implementation of Robotic Surgery in a Pediatric Hospital: Lessons Learned.

Background: Since the late 1980s, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been one of the fastest growing approaches for surgical procedures. However, its development has reached a plateau. One of the reasons is the difficulty to operate on more complex cases, such as neonatal procedures.

Misuse of antenatal care and its association with adverse outcomes of pregnancy in a Southern rural area of Vietnam.

Researchers in Vietnam reported a high percentage of pregnant women attending ANC at least once, but an insufficient utilization of ANC services remains. The evidence demonstrating how the utilization of these services affect pregnancy outcome is not documented in Vietnam. We investigated the association between the misuse of ANC services and pregnancy outcome, and assessed other determinants associated with ANC services utilization.

Effective tranexamic acid concentration for 95% inhibition of tissue-type plasminogen activator induced hyperfibrinolysis in children with congenital heart disease: A prospective, controlled, in-vitro study.

Background: Although recent studies have assessed tranexamic acid (TXA) pharmacokinetics in different subgroups, the effective concentration of TXA required to completely inhibit fibrinolysis remains to be determined.

Objective: An in-vitro determination of the effective TXA concentration needed for 95% inhibition (EC95) of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) activated fibrinolysis, using an experimental model designed for thromboelastometry (ROTEM).

Design: A prospective interventional study.

Comparison of the EANM and SNM guidelines on diuretic renography in children.

Objective: When taking into account the Society of Nuclear Medicine (SNM) and European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) guidelines on diuretic renography in children, we see important divergences in the preparation, acquisition, processing, and interpretation of the results. In this study, we estimated the quality of renal drainage according to these two guidelines.

Patients And Methods: Ninety kidneys with hydronephrosis or severe vesicorenal reflux were processed and analyzed according to the SNM (estimation of the T1/2 of the washout curve and conclusions about the possible existence of obstruction) and EANM guidelines (estimation of normalized residual activity or NORA, and output efficiency or OE on the late postmicturition images, without any conclusion about the possible existence of obstruction).

Vitamin B12 deficiency in a 9-month-old boy.

Unlabelled: We present a 9-month-old boy with megaloblastic anaemia, neutropenia and hypogammaglobulinaemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency. The deficiency was secondary to prolonged exclusive breastfeeding with inadequate nutritional amounts of vitamin B12 from the mother. There were no clinical or biological signs of maternal anaemia or macrocytosis.

Improvement of the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori gastritis in children is by adjunction of omeprazole to a dual antibiotherapy.

Aim: The possible improvement of efficacy and tolerability of a 7-day dual antibiotherapy amoxicillin-clarithromycin (AC) on the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) gastritis in children by the adjunction of omeprazole (OAC) was studied.

Methods: Forty-six children presenting with H.

Food allergy and constipation in childhood: how functional is it?

An increasing incidence of food allergy, especially to cow's milk proteins, is observed in children living in the industrialized regions of the world. In some cases responding to an eviction diet excluding offending foods, the 'functional' constipation can be caused by inflammation of the intestinal wall infiltrated by eosinophils. Understanding the complex mechanisms involved could help to improve the management of idiopathic functional constipation in children by addressing the aetiology instead of treating the symptoms.

Type 1 primary hyperoxaluria in pediatric patients: renal sonographic patterns.

Objective: Our aim was to review the sonographic features of type I primary hyperoxaluria in children and to correlate the sonographic patterns with the clinical development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the clinical and imaging files of 13 patients with type I primary hyperoxaluria who were treated in one institution and of the sonographic patterns and the clinical follow-up reports.

Results: We encountered the following two sonographic patterns: medullary nephrocalcinosis in eight patients and cortical nephrocalcinosis in five patients.