17,280 results match your criteria: "Queen Elizabeth Hospital.[Affiliation]"

Apicomplexa are single-celled eukaryotes that can infect humans and include the mosquito-borne parasite , the cause of malaria. Increasing rates of drug resistance in human-only species are reducing the efficacy of control efforts and antimalarial treatments. There are also rising cases of , the only zoonotic species that causes severe disease and death in humans.

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Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is frequently associated with stroke due to debris embolization. Although the risk of stroke with newer-generation devices is lower, stroke still represents a significant cause of mortality and morbidity post-TAVR. The Sentinel cerebral embolic protection device (CEPD) is a dual-embolic filter device designed to capture debris dislodged during TAVR.

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The Role of Breastmilk in Macrophage-Tumour Cell Interactions in Postpartum Breast Cancer.

Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)

September 2024

Discipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.

Background: Lactation is associated with long-term reduced risk of breast cancer. However, there is a transient increased risk of breast cancer in the 5 to 10 years postpartum and this is associated with a high incidence of metastasis and mortality. Breastmilk is a physiological fluid secreted by the mammary glands intimately connected with breast cells and the microenvironment that may affect postpartum breast cancer development and progression.

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The chromatin landscape of high-grade serous ovarian cancer metastasis identifies regulatory drivers in post-chemotherapy residual tumour cells.

Commun Biol

September 2024

Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Infection, Inflammation and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

Disease recurrence following chemotherapy is a major clinical challenge in ovarian cancer (OC), but little is known regarding how the tumour epigenome regulates transcriptional programs underpinning chemoresistance. We determine the single cell chromatin accessibility landscape of omental OC metastasis from treatment-naïve and neoadjuvant chemotherapy-treated patients and define the chromatin accessibility profiles of epithelial, fibroblast, myeloid and lymphoid cells. Epithelial tumour cells display open chromatin regions enriched with motifs for the oncogenic transcription factors MEIS and PBX.

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Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) improves disease control and reduces treatment-related toxicity in patients with localized nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, due to the proximity of the auditory apparatus to the treatment volume and the frequent incorporation of cisplatin-based chemotherapy, treatment-related sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) remains a common debilitating complication among NPC survivors. The reported crude incidence of SNHL following IMRT for NPC varies widely at 1-46% due to differences in auditory assessment methods and thresholds, follow-up durations, chemotherapy usage, and patient compositions.

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Breast cancer, the most prevalent and aggressive tumor affecting women, requires identification of disease determinants to facilitate the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2), an ion channel highly permeable for calcium (Ca), is implicated in physiological and pathological processes. Nevertheless, the role of TRPV2 in breast cancer remains poorly elucidated.

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Article Synopsis
  • Melioidosis is a serious tropical infection with limited understanding of how it affects the mediastinum, leading to a study that aimed to categorize its radiological features and assess patient demographics.
  • A retrospective analysis of CT scans from 70 out of 486 melioidosis patients identified 41 with mediastinal involvement, revealing diverse morphological presentations including necrotic lymph nodes and fluid collections.
  • Half of the patients had diabetes, and the study suggests that further research is needed to understand the implications of these findings and the prognosis of mediastinal melioidosis.
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Feasibility, safety and outcomes of stereotactic radiotherapy for ultra-central thoracic oligometastatic disease guided by linear endobronchial ultrasound-inserted fiducials.

Radiother Oncol

December 2024

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Australia.

Background & Purpose: Local treatment of oligometastases has been found to improve survival and prognosis. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has emerged as a treatment option for oligometastases but its use in ultra-central (UC) areas can cause significant toxicity and mortality. Fiducial markers (FM) can be used to improve SBRT accuracy, and can be inserted in the central thorax using linear endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) bronchoscopy.

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Introduction & Importance: Situs Inversus Abdominalis (SIA) & Paraduodenal Hernias (PDH) are extremely rare causes acute surgical emergencies among adults. We present a case of an adult patient with intestinal obstruction secondary to PDH through the fossa of Landzert with concurrent SIA.

Presentation Of Case: A thirteen-year-old Southeast Asian female with situs inversus abdominalis due to Kartagener syndrome presented with bowel obstruction.

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High-cost medicines (HCMs) can be clinically impactful for individual patients but are also subject to variable funding mechanisms. Public hospitals and health services are often asked to fund HCMs, but inconsistent processes frequently create large variations in care. CATAG (Council of Australian Therapeutic Advisory Groups) is the Australian peak national advisory body for the quality use of medicines in hospitals and health services, with all states and territories collaborating to support Drug and Therapeutics Committees (DTCs).

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Effect of adequacy of empirical antibiotic therapy for hospital-acquired bloodstream infections on intensive care unit patient prognosis: a causal inference approach using data from the Eurobact2 study.

Clin Microbiol Infect

December 2024

OUTCOMEREA Research Group, Drancy, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Infection Antimicrobial Modelisation Evolution, U1137, Team Decision Science in Infectious Diseases, Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat hospital, Medical and infectious diseases ICU, F75018, Paris France. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSI) in ICU patients can be life-threatening, and this study aimed to see how early adequate antibiotic treatment affects 28-day mortality rates for patients who survive at least one day after infection onset.
  • Using data from a multicenter study with 2,418 patients, researchers found that those who received adequate treatment within 24 hours had a lower 28-day mortality rate (32.8%) compared to those who were inadequately treated (40%).
  • The study concluded that inadequate antibiotic therapy within 24 hours contributes significantly to 28-day mortality, indicating that quicker treatment could greatly improve patient outcomes in cases of HA-BSI.
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Advances in understanding and management of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease.

Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)

October 2024

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address:

Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) is an emerging, immune-mediated fibroinflammatory orbital disease, characterized by tumefactive lesions with noticeable IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration and distinctive pathohistological features. This disease is often associated with elevated serum IgG4 concentrations. IgG4-ROD may affect any ophthalmic tissues, particularly the lacrimal gland, extraocular muscles, and trigeminal nerves.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study focuses on short- and long-term antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccines in HIV-infected adults, comparing two types of vaccines: Pneumovax-23 (PPV) and Prevenar-13 (PCV).
  • A subgroup of 152 participants from a larger study had their antibody levels measured before and after vaccination, with ongoing assessments for four years. Results indicated that those vaccinated with PCV had a higher likelihood of achieving the World Health Organization's antibody threshold than those who received PPV.
  • Specifically, 54% of PCV recipients reached the target after one dose compared to 33% with PPV, and this advantage continued with booster doses, showing better cumulative rates
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During discourse comprehension, every new word adds to an evolving representation of meaning that accumulates over consecutive sentences and constrains the next words. To minimize repetition and utterance length, languages use pronouns, like the word "she," to refer to nouns and phrases that were previously introduced. It has been suggested that language comprehension requires that pronouns activate the same neuronal representations as the nouns themselves.

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Introduction: Total ankle replacements (TARs) is emerging as a successful alternate treatment option to arthrodesis for surgical treatment of end stage ankle arthritis. This has led to manufacturers producing a selection of implants. There is wide variations in post-operative rehab protocols being adopted for treatment following TAR surgery.

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Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) loss is a key event in the natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. The rate and determinants of HBeAg loss depend upon cohort characteristics at baseline. Few studies have examined the age-dependent rate, and none have examined the effect of patient sex and ethnicity on the age-dependant rate.

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The normative role of the World Health Organization (WHO) involves creating evidence-based, principled guidelines to guide its Member States in making well-informed public health decisions. While these guidelines often need to be adapted to ensure contextual relevance, foster better implementation and adherence, adapting existing guidelines is more efficient than creating new ones. Here we describe the adaptation of the WHO coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) living guideline on pharmacological interventions for the Caribbean using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE)-ADOLOPMENT method.

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Sumatriptan-naproxen sodium in migraine: A review.

Eur J Neurol

September 2024

Headache Group, NIHR King's Clinical Research Facility and SLaM Biomedical Research Centre, The Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.

Article Synopsis
  • Over one-third of patients with migraines experience inadequate relief from acute medications, highlighting the need for more effective treatments.
  • Sumatriptan-naproxen sodium, a combined medication, was studied in 14 clinical trials to assess its effectiveness for migraine relief among adults and adolescents.
  • The results showed that sumatriptan-naproxen sodium provided significantly superior pain relief within 2 hours and sustained pain freedom for up to 24 hours compared to other treatments, demonstrating its potential in enhancing acute migraine care.
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Demystifying the challenging diagnosis of post-radiation nasopharyngeal necrosis on multimodality imaging.

J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol

October 2024

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Post-radiation nasopharyngeal necrosis (PRNN) is a rare but life-threatening condition that often poses a diagnostic challenge in imaging studies owing to its overlapping features with recurrent nasopharyngeal tumours. We herein describe the characteristic imaging appearance of PRNN on post-contrast T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/CT which may provide insights into its pathological findings.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study is the first to examine out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Bahrain, revealing an annual incidence of about 21 cases per 100,000 people, predominantly affecting older males.
  • The research found that most cases were witnessed and occurred at home, but bystander CPR and AED usage were significantly low, leading to poor survival rates.
  • The results highlight the urgent need for improved community training in CPR and AED usage, better EMS evaluation, and the establishment of an OHCA registry to enhance outcomes.
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Introduction: Updated guidelines for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and acute decompensation have improved outcomes, but ongoing efforts are focused on uncovering new evidence and developing novel therapies. This review examines the limitations of current treatments and the potential impact of emerging therapies.

Areas Covered: A literature search focused on studies investigating drugs for HFrEF.

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Article Synopsis
  • Nephropathy, a common complication of diabetes, was studied to estimate its prevalence among diabetic patients in North America.
  • The analysis included 11 studies and revealed a pooled prevalence of 28.2% for nephropathy in diabetic patients across the region, with varying rates in the USA (24.2%), Canada (31.2%), and Mexico (31.1%).
  • The overall prevalence was lower in North America compared to regions like Africa, Europe, and Asia, highlighting the need for improved diagnostics, healthcare access, and awareness to address this issue.
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The liver as a central "hub" of the immune system: pathophysiological implications.

Physiol Rev

April 2025

Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), IRCCS Fondazione San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.

Article Synopsis
  • This review talks about how the liver helps protect the body and what happens when it doesn't work right, especially in diseases.
  • It explains how the liver can normally stay calm and not cause problems, but can get confused and become reactive in chronic liver diseases.
  • The review will also look at liver transplants, why the body might reject a new liver, and how autoimmune diseases can make the liver attack itself.
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Given their frontline role in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand (ANZ) healthcare, trainee medical officers (TMOs) will play a crucial role in the development and use of artificial intelligence (AI) for clinical care, ongoing medical education and research. As 'digital natives', particularly those with technical expertise in AI, TMOs should also be leaders in informing the safe uptake and governance of AI within ANZ healthcare as they have a practical understanding of its associated risks and benefits. However, this is only possible if a culture of broad collaboration is instilled while the use of AI in ANZ is still in its initial phase.

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Background: The surgical technique in large hiatal hernia (HH) repair is controversially discussed and the outcome measures and follow-up schemes are highly heterogeneous. The aim of this study is to assess the true recurrence rate using computed tomography (CT) in patients with standardized large HH repair.

Methods: Prospective single-center study investigating the outcome after dorsal, mesh-enforced large HH repair with anterior fundoplication.

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