40 results match your criteria: "Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham[Affiliation]"

Threonine and tyrosine kinase (TTK) mRNA and protein expression in breast cancer; prognostic significance in the neoadjuvant setting.

Histopathology

January 2025

Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.

Aims: Threonine and tyrosine kinase (TTK) is up-regulated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), yet its expression in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) remains unexplored. This investigation aims to assess TTK protein expression in treatment-naïve pre-treatment cores and paired pre- and post-NACT breast cancer (BC) cohorts, as well as its correlation with microcephaly 1 (MCPH1) protein expression.

Methods And Results: Transcriptomic data were sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus microarray database for mRNA expression analysis.

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Evidence-based clinical guidelines are essential to maximize patient benefit and to reduce clinical uncertainty and inconsistency in clinical practice. Gaps in the evidence base can be addressed by data acquired in routine practice. At present, there is no international consensus on management of women diagnosed with atypical lesions in breast screening programmes.

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Purpose: The introduction of breast screening in the UK led to an increase in the detection of non-invasive breast neoplasia, predominantly ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a non-obligatory precursor of invasive breast cancer. The Sloane Project, a UK prospective cohort study of screen-detected non-invasive breast neoplasia, commenced in 2003 to evaluate the radiological assessment, surgical management, pathology, adjuvant therapy and outcomes for non-invasive breast neoplasia. Long-term follow-up and accurate data collection are essential to examine the clinical impact.

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Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has become the standard of care for high-risk breast cancer, including triple-negative (TNBC) and HER2-positive disease. As a result, handling and reporting of breast specimens post-NACT is part of routine practice, and it is important for pathologists to recognise the changes in tumour cells, tumour-associated stroma and background breast tissue induced by NACT. Familiarity with characteristic stromal features enables identification of the pre-treatment tumour site and allows confident diagnosis of pathological complete response (pCR) which is important for decisions concerning adjuvant therapy.

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Introduction: Androgen receptor (AR) is one of the predominant nuclear hormone receptors in invasive breast cancer and can be explored as a biomarker of response for targeted anti-androgen therapy, especially in the setting of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Luminal AR is a distinct subtype amongst TNBC cases following gene expression studies. TNBC is higher in Africans (23%-82%) and African-Americans (29.

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Background: The diagnosis, management and prognosis of microinvasive breast carcinoma remain controversial.

Methods: We analysed the outcomes of patients with DCIS with and without microinvasion diagnosed between 2003 and 2012 within the Sloane project.

Results: Microinvasion was recorded in 521 of 11,285 patients (4.

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Genomic analysis defines clonal relationships of ductal carcinoma in situ and recurrent invasive breast cancer.

Nat Genet

June 2022

School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK.

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most common form of preinvasive breast cancer and, despite treatment, a small fraction (5-10%) of DCIS patients develop subsequent invasive disease. A fundamental biologic question is whether the invasive disease arises from tumor cells in the initial DCIS or represents new unrelated disease. To address this question, we performed genomic analyses on the initial DCIS lesion and paired invasive recurrent tumors in 95 patients together with single-cell DNA sequencing in a subset of cases.

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Article Synopsis
  • The EPHOS-B trial aimed to evaluate the effects of perioperative anti-HER2 therapy on tumor growth and cell death in women with HER2-positive breast cancer before surgery.
  • In a multicenter study involving 257 patients, various treatment groups including trastuzumab and lapatinib were tested, revealing that lapatinib led to a higher percentage of tumor response compared to trastuzumab or no treatment.
  • The study found that early decreases in tumor proliferation (Ki67) are linked to better long-term outcomes, supporting a potential individualized approach to reduce treatment intensity for certain patients.
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Background And Aim: The natural history of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is poorly understood. The aim of this cohort study was to determine the outcomes of women who had no surgery for screen-detected DCIS in the 6 months following diagnosis.

Methods: English breast screening databases were retrospectively searched for women diagnosed with DCIS without invasive cancer at screening and who had no record of surgery within 6 months of diagnosis.

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Aim: To identify the baseline demographic and clinical characteristics associated with diabetes-related distress (DRD) and factors associated with improvement in DRD after initiating use of the FreeStyle Libre (FSL) in people living with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: The study was performed using baseline and follow-up data from the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists nationwide audit of people with diabetes who initiated use of the FSL in the United Kingdom. DRD was assessed using the two-item diabetes-related distress scale (DDS; defined as the average of the two-item score ≥3).

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Background: Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) is increasingly used in the treatment of breast cancer, yet it is clear that there is significant geographical variation in its use in the UK. This study aimed to examine stated practice across UK breast units, in terms of indications for use, radiological monitoring, pathological reporting of treatment response, and post-treatment surgical management.

Methods: Multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) from all UK breast units were invited to participate in the NeST study.

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Histopathology during the COVID-19 pandemic: resilience through adaptation and innovation.

Diagn Histopathol (Oxf)

March 2021

Consultant Pathologist and Peninsula Clinical Lead, Department of Diagnostic and Molecular Pathology, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Truro, UK.

Histopathology departments have adapted to the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic by a variety of changes including working pattern alterations, technology adoptions and incorporation of techniques. This article summarizes these adaptations and provides references to guide pathologists through the continuing pandemic.

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Background: The Sloane audit compares screen-detected ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) pathology with subsequent management and outcomes.

Methods: This was a national, prospective cohort study of DCIS diagnosed during 2003-2012.

Results: Among 11,337 patients, 7204 (64%) had high-grade DCIS.

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Introduction: Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) has several potential advantages in the treatment of breast cancer. However, there is currently considerable variation in NST use across the UK. The NeST study is a national, prospective, multicentre cohort study that will investigate current patterns of care with respect to NST in the UK.

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Poor-prognosis breast cancers are treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy, but often without any guidance from therapy predictive markers because universally accepted markers are not currently available. Treatment failure, in the form of recurrences, is relatively common. We aimed to identify chemotherapy predictive markers and resistance pathways in breast cancer.

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Article Synopsis
  • The report talks about how drinking alcohol is increasing in the UK and causing more liver disease, which makes people go to the hospital a lot.
  • It suggests that the UK Government should make new rules to help reduce overall drinking, like bringing back certain taxes and setting a minimum price for alcohol.
  • It also highlights the need to address obesity (being very overweight) because it leads to many health issues, including liver disease and cancers, and mentions that new medicines for hepatitis C are showing promise.
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Background: The clinical effectiveness of treating ipsilateral multifocal (MF) and multicentric (MC) breast cancers using breast-conserving surgery (BCS) compared with the standard of mastectomy is uncertain. Inconsistencies relate to definitions, incidence, staging and intertumoral heterogeneity. The primary aim of this systematic review was to compare clinical outcomes after BCS versus mastectomy for MF and MC cancers, collectively defined as multiple ipsilateral breast cancers (MIBC).

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Breast cancer can occur in either gender; however, it is rare in men, accounting for <1% of diagnosed cases. In a previous transcriptomic screen of male breast cancer (MBC) and female breast cancer (FBC) occurrences, we observed that Stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) was overexpressed in the former. The aim of this study was to confirm the expression of STC2 in MBC and to investigate whether this had an impact on patient prognosis.

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Introduction: Breast cancer outcomes vary across different ethnic groups. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression across a range of pathologies, including breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and expression of miRs in breast cancer samples from different ethnic groups.

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