Tongue Pressure Resistance Training for Post-Stroke Dysphagia: A Case Study.

Introduction: Swallowing outcomes regarding lingual resistance training have been mixed due to variability in methods, leading to ambiguity concerning the utility of this intervention. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of a lingual resistance training protocol on the swallowing function of an individual presenting with dysphagia and reduced tongue pressure following a supratentorial ischemic stroke.

Methods: A study involving a lingual resistance training protocol with videofluoroscopy to measure outcomes comparing different parameters to ASPEKT normative reference values at three timepoints: baseline (videofluoroscopic swallowing study [VFSS] A), following a 4-week lead-in period to control for spontaneous recovery (VFSS B), and at the 8-week endpoint of treatment (VFSS C).

A standardized workflow for long-term longitudinal actigraphy data processing using one year of continuous actigraphy from the CAN-BIND Wellness Monitoring Study.

Monitoring sleep and activity through wearable devices such as wrist-worn actigraphs has the potential for long-term measurement in the individual's own environment. Long periods of data collection require a complex approach, including standardized pre-processing and data trimming, and robust algorithms to address non-wear and missing data. In this study, we used a data-driven approach to quality control, pre-processing and analysis of longitudinal actigraphy data collected over the course of 1 year in a sample of 95 participants.

Post-stroke delirium and challenges for the rehabilitation setting: A narrative review.

Introduction: Post-stroke delirium (PSD) is a common yet underrecognized complication following stroke, with its effect on stroke rehabilitation being the subject of limited attention. The objective of this narrative review is to provide an overview of core issues in PSD including epidemiology, diagnostic challenges, and management considerations, with an emphasis on the rehabilitation phase.

Methods: Ovid Medline and Google Scholar were searched through February 2023 using keywords related to delirium, rehabilitation, and the post-stroke period.

White matter microstructure in youth at risk for serious mental illness: A comparative analysis.

Identifying biomarkers of serious mental illness, such as altered white matter microstructure, can aid in early diagnosis and treatment. White matter microstructure was assessed using constrained spherical deconvolution of diffusion imaging data in a sample of 219 youth (age 12-25 years, 64.84% female) across 8 sites.

THE DEPRESSION INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT SCALE: Assessment of Psychometric Properties Using Classical and Modern Measurement Theory in a CAN-BIND Trial.

The goal of the Depression Inventory Development (DID) project is to develop a comprehensive and psychometrically sound rating scale for major depressive disorder (MDD) that reflects current diagnostic criteria and conceptualizations of depression. We report here the evaluation of the current DID item bank using Classical Test Theory (CTT), Item Response Theory (IRT) and Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT). The present study was part of a larger multisite, open-label study conducted by the Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression (ClinicalTrials.

Structural covariance pattern abnormalities of insula in major depressive disorder: A CAN-BIND study report.

Background And Methods: Investigation of the insula may inform understanding of the etiopathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). In the present study, we introduced a novel gray matter volume (GMV) based structural covariance technique, and applied it to a multi-centre study of insular subregions of 157 patients with MDD and 93 healthy controls from the Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression (CAN-BIND, https://www.canbind.

An investigation of cortical thickness and antidepressant response in major depressive disorder: A CAN-BIND study report.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is considered a highly heterogeneous clinical and neurobiological mental disorder. We employed a novel layered treatment design to investigate whether cortical thickness features at baseline differentiated treatment responders from non-responders after 8 and 16 weeks of a standardized sequential antidepressant treatment. Secondary analyses examined baseline differences between MDD and controls as a replication analysis and longitudinal changes in thickness after 8 weeks of escitalopram treatment.

Neurostimulation in Anxiety Disorders, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Many pharmacological treatments were proved effective in the treatment of panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); still many patients do not achieve remission with these treatments. Neurostimulation techniques have been studied as promising alternatives or augmentation treatments to pharmacological and psychological therapies. The most studied neurostimulation method for anxiety disorders, PTSD, and OCD was repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).

Reliability of a functional magnetic resonance imaging task of emotional conflict in healthy participants.

Task-based functional neuroimaging methods are increasingly being used to identify biomarkers of treatment response in psychiatric disorders. To facilitate meaningful interpretation of neural correlates of tasks and their potential changes with treatment over time, understanding the reliability of the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal of such tasks is essential. We assessed test-retest reliability of an emotional conflict task in healthy participants collected as part of the Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression.

Hippocampal tail volume as a predictive biomarker of antidepressant treatment outcomes in patients with major depressive disorder: a CAN-BIND report.

Finding a clinically useful neuroimaging biomarker that can predict treatment response in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is challenging, in part because of poor reproducibility and generalizability of findings across studies. Previous work has suggested that posterior hippocampal volumes in depressed patients may be associated with antidepressant treatment outcomes. The primary purpose of this investigation was to examine further whether posterior hippocampal volumes predict remission following antidepressant treatment.

White Matter Indices of Medication Response in Major Depression: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.

Background: While response to antidepressants in major depressive disorder is difficult to predict, characterizing the organization and integrity of white matter in the brain with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may provide the means to distinguish between antidepressant responders and nonresponders.

Methods: DTI data were collected at 6 sites (Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression-1 [CAN-BIND-1 study]) from 200 (127 women) depressed and 112 (71 women) healthy participants at 3 time points: at baseline, 2 weeks, and 8 weeks following initiation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment. Therapeutic response was established by a 50% reduction of symptoms at 8 weeks.

Integrating digital phenotyping in clinical characterization of individuals with mood disorders.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are still under recognized and undertreated, especially in primary care settings. One of the challenges faced by clinicians is the remarkable inter-individual variability among patients with these conditions. In addition, each patient with MDD and BD experiences a unique pattern of longitudinal changes across time, i.

Testing a deep convolutional neural network for automated hippocampus segmentation in a longitudinal sample of healthy participants.

Subtle changes in hippocampal volumes may occur during both physiological and pathophysiological processes in the human brain. Assessing hippocampal volumes manually is a time-consuming procedure, however, creating a need for automated segmentation methods that are both fast and reliable over time. Segmentation algorithms that employ deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) have emerged as a promising solution for large longitudinal neuroimaging studies.

Symptomatic and Functional Outcomes and Early Prediction of Response to Escitalopram Monotherapy and Sequential Adjunctive Aripiprazole Therapy in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: A CAN-BIND-1 Report.

Objective: To report the symptomatic and functional outcomes in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) during a 2-phase treatment trial and to estimate the value of early improvement after 2 weeks in predicting clinical response to escitalopram and subsequently to adjunctive treatment with aripiprazole.

Methods: Participants with MDD (N = 211) identified with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and confirmed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview were recruited from 6 outpatient centers across Canada (August 2013 through December 2016) and treated with open-label escitalopram (10-20 mg) for 8 weeks (Phase 1). Clinical and functional outcomes were evaluated using the MADRS, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Rated (QIDS-SR), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), and Lam Employment Absence and Productivity Scale (LEAPS).

The Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression (CAN-BIND): magnetic resonance imaging protocols.

Studies of clinical populations that combine MRI data generated at multiple sites are increasingly common. The Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression (CAN-BIND; www.canbind.