Global epidemiologic patterns of oropharyngeal cancer incidence trends.

Background: The emergence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal cancer and evolving tobacco use patterns have changed the landscape of head and neck cancer epidemiology internationally. We investigated updated trends in oropharyngeal cancer incidence worldwide.

Methods: We analyzed cancer incidence data between 1993 and 2012 from 42 countries using the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents database volumes V through XI.

Low-density granulocytes display immature cells with enhanced NET formation in people living with HIV.

While the protective role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in limiting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) spread to susceptible cells has been documented, there is comparatively little insight into whether NET formation is harmful in people living with HIV (PLWH). To gain insight into neutrophil dysregulation and the pathological role of NETs in HIV, we examined expressions of NET-associated markers [cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3)] in the plasmas from a cohort of the Hawaii Aging with HIV-cardiovascular and HIV-seronegative (HIV-) individuals. In a subset of participants, circulating low-density granulocyte (LDG) levels and their maturation and activation status were analyzed via flow cytometry.

Venous Pathologies and Interventions of the Head.

Intracranial venous pathologies are a historically underrecognized group of disorders that can have a devastating impact on patients. Despite advancements in peripheral venous disorders and arterial neurointerventions, intracranial venous pathologies have received comparatively little attention. Understanding the anatomy, physiology, clinical relevance, and treatment options of intracranial venous pathologies is fundamental to evolving therapies and research priorities.

Incidence of Alzheimer's Disease in Men with Late-Life Hypertension Is Ameliorated by FOXO3 Longevity Genotype.

Background: It is well established that mid-life hypertension increases risk of dementia, whereas the association of late-life hypertension with dementia is unclear.

Objective: To determine whether FOXO3 longevity-associated genotype influences the association between late-life hypertension and incident dementia.

Methods: Subjects were 2,688 American men of Japanese ancestry (baseline age: 77.

Lumbar Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy (PSO): A Novel Surgical Technique for Correction of Sagittal and Coronal Imbalance Using Laterally Based Satellite Rods.

Study Design: Operative video and supplemental manuscript.

Objective: To present a novel step-by-step approach to performing a lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) using laterally based satellite rods.

Summary Of Background Data: Multi-rod constructs have demonstrated paramount for decreasing rates of pseudarthrosis after PSOs.

Cognition and dementia with Raymond and Brain: Curriculum development and evaluation using interactive animated flipped-classroom modules to impact nursing students' attitude toward dementia care.

Aim: To design a modular, flipped-classroom curriculum using character animations to improve knowledge and attitudes regarding dementia care among pre-clinical nursing students.

Background: Demographic trends suggest an urgent, unmet need for nurses with interest and adequate training in caring for people with dementia and other disorders of cognition. While flipped classrooms using video show promise, little is known about specific animation techniques to impact knowledge and attitudes in preclinical nursing education.

The perils and promises of generative artificial intelligence in neurointerventional surgery.

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) holds great promise in neurointerventional surgery by providing clinicians with powerful tools for improving surgical precision, accuracy of diagnoses, and treatment planning. However, potential perils include biases or inaccuracies in the data used to train the algorithms, over-reliance on generative AI without human oversight, patient privacy concerns, and ethical implications of using AI in medical decision-making. Careful regulation and oversight are needed to ensure that the promises of generative AI in neurointerventional surgery are realized while minimizing its potential perils.

Distinct Features of Vascular Diseases in COVID-19.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was declared in early 2020 after several unexplained pneumonia cases were first reported in Wuhan, China, and subsequently in other parts of the world. Commonly, the disease comprises several clinical features, including high temperature, dry cough, shortness of breath, and hypoxia, associated with findings of interstitial pneumonia on chest X-ray and computer tomography. Nevertheless, severe forms of acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are not limited to the respiratory tract but also may be extended to other systems, including the cardiovascular system.

A Multi-Institutional Study of Barriers to Cervical Cancer Care in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Purpose: The global rise in cancer incidence has been accompanied by disproportionately high morbidity and mortality rates in low- and middle-income countries. Many patients who are offered potentially curative treatment for cervical cancer in low- and middle-income countries never return to start treatment for reasons that are poorly documented and little understood. We investigated the interplay of sociodemographic, financial, and geographic factors as barriers to care among such patients in Botswana and Zimbabwe.

Use of an over-the-scope clip in managing adult anastomotic ulcer bleeding.

Bleeding from anastomotic ulcers following surgical procedures such as ileocolonic resection in patients without Crohn's disease is a rare occurrence and difficult to manage. Although a number of treatment options have been explored, they have all had varying success. This case characterizes the first reported successful treatment of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in an adult due to an anastomotic ulcer with an over-the-scope clip.

Automated catheter segmentation and tip detection in cerebral angiography with topology-aware geometric deep learning.

Background: Visual perception of catheters and guidewires on x-ray fluoroscopy is essential for neurointervention. Endovascular robots with teleoperation capabilities are being developed, but they cannot 'see' intravascular devices, which precludes artificial intelligence (AI) augmentation that could improve precision and autonomy. Deep learning has not been explored for neurointervention and prior works in cardiovascular scenarios are inadequate as they only segment device tips, while neurointervention requires segmentation of the entire structure due to coaxial devices.

Drugs acting at TRPM7 channels inhibit seizure-like activity.

Transient receptor potential cation subfamily M7 (TRPM7) channels are ion channels permeable to divalent cations. They are abundantly expressed with particularly high expression in the brain. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of TRPM7 channels in brain diseases such as stroke and traumatic brain injury, yet evidence for a role in seizures and epilepsy is lacking.

Homemade Dart Attacks in Hawai'i.

Over a 4.5-year period (September 2014 to March 2019), 7 patients presented to the State's only Level I Trauma Center with penetrating injuries inflicted by homemade metallic darts. Previously described in Micronesia, these are the first domestic cases of assaults utilizing this type of weaponry.

The Effect of Proton Pump Inhibitor Use on Survival of Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A Study of a Racially Diverse Population.

Introduction Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use is increasing in the general population. Chronic PPI use can lead to hypergastrinemia, which has been purported to increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Several studies have failed to report any association between PPI use and the risk of CRC.

Prevalence and Prognosis of Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The prevalence and its impact on mortality of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM) remain controversial. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated the prevalence and prognosis of SICM. We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase.