Physicians' and patients' perceived risks of chronic pain medication and co-medications in Quebec, Canada: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The risks associated with medications and co-medications for chronic pain (CP) can influence a physician's choice of drugs and dosages, as well as a patient's adherence to the medication. High-quality care requires patients to participate in medication decisions. This study aimed to compare perceived risks of medications and co-medications between physicians and persons living with CP.

Fluorescence angiography with indocyanine green for low anterior resection in patients with rectal cancer: a prospective before and after study.

Background: Inadequate bowel perfusion is among risk factors for colorectal anastomotic leaks. Perfusion can be assessed with indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG) during colon resections. Possible benefits from its systematic use in high-risk patients with rectal cancer remain inconsistent.

Systems immunology integrates the complex endotypes of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.

Endotypes are characterized by the immunological, inflammatory, metabolic, and remodelling pathways that explain the mechanisms underlying the clinical presentation (phenotype) of a disease. Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a severe blistering disease caused by COL7A1 pathogenic variants. Although underscored by animal studies, the endotypes of human RDEB are poorly understood.

Wildlife policy, the food system and One Health: a complex systems analysis of unintended consequences for the prevention of emerging zoonoses in China, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Philippines.

Introduction: Evolving human-wildlife interactions have contributed to emerging zoonoses outbreaks, and pandemic prevention policy for wildlife management and conservation requires enhanced consideration from this perspective. However, the risk of unintended consequences is high. In this study, we aimed to assess how unrecognised complexity and system adaptation can lead to policy failure, and how these dynamics may impact zoonotic spillover risk and food system outcomes.

Exploring novel antifungal peptides from peptic hydrolysis of chicken cruor protein via regression-based machine learning approach.

There is a growing interest in natural preservatives driven by consumer demand for clean-label products. In Canada, approximately 48 million liters of blood are produced annually during chicken slaughter, offering an opportunity to valorize cruor, the solid blood component rich in hemoglobin, for use in food preservation. This study investigated the hydrolysis of chicken cruor with pepsin at pH 2, 3, 4, and 5 for 180 min to produce antimicrobial peptides.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for World Health Organization Grade 2 and 3 Oligodendroglioma: An International Multicenter Study.

Background And Objectives: Oligodendrogliomas are primary brain tumors classified as isocitrate deshydrogenase-mutant and 1p19q codeleted in the 2021 World Health Organization Classification of central nervous system tumors. Surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are well-established management options for these tumors. Few studies have evaluated the efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for oligodendroglioma.

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes after Multiple General Anesthetic Exposures before 5 Years of Age: A Cohort Study.

Background: The general anaesthesia or awake-regional anaesthesia in infancy (GAS) trial demonstrated evidence that most neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 and 5 yr of age in infants who received a single general anesthetic for elective inguinal herniorrhaphy were clinically equivalent when compared to infants who did not receive general anesthesia. More than 20% of the children in the trial had at least one subsequent anesthetic exposure after their initial surgery. Using the GAS database, this study aimed to address whether multiple (two or more) general anesthetic exposures compared to one or no general anesthetic exposure in early childhood were associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes at 5 yr.

Promotion of Cardiometabolic Health: A Personal Journey.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Narrative review of the author's main contributions to the field of cardiovascular health spanning four decades, with a focus on findings related to 1- the pathophysiology of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and 2- the management/prevention of these conditions. Particular attention is given to the importance of regular physical activity. RECENT FINDINGS: Because behaviors and their physiological consequences are still not measured in clinical practice, it is proposed to systematically assess and target "lifestyle vital signs" (waist circumference, cardiorespiratory fitness, food-based diet quality and level of leisure-time physical activity) in primary care.

Optimizing automated photo identification for population assessments.

Several legal acts mandate that management agencies regularly assess biological populations. For species with distinct markings, these assessments can be conducted noninvasively via capture-recapture and photographic identification (photo-ID), which involves processing considerable quantities of photographic data. To ease this burden, agencies increasingly rely on automated identification (ID) algorithms.

Non-native species have higher consumption rates than their native counterparts.

Non-native species can be major drivers of ecosystem alteration, especially through changes in trophic interactions. Successful non-native species have been predicted to have greater resource use efficiency relative to trophically analogous native species (the Resource Consumption Hypothesis), but rigorous evidence remains equivocal. Here, we tested this proposition quantitatively in a global meta-analysis of comparative functional response studies.

Minimally Invasive vs Open Surgery for Thoracolumbar Fractures Treatment: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Prospective Studies.

Study Design: Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to pool the available data comparing MIS to open surgery for thoracolumbar fractures and provide a more comprehensive assessment on this topic.

Background: There remains a debate over whether minimally invasive surgery (MIS) or open fixation provides superior outcomes for patients with thoracolumbar fractures.

[Perceived effect of a training activity for medical students in community organizations].

Background: Community service-learning activities (CSL) have been integrated into medical schools for several years. However, little data exists to understand the impact of this type of activity on students and communities. The purpose of this research was to explore the effect of a mandatory community-based training activity offered to medical students.

Virtual patients with substance use disorders in healthcare professional education: a scoping review.

Background And Objective: Virtual patient simulations are cost-effective methods for training health professionals. Yet, this teaching method is rarely used with clinicians who work or plan on working with people with substance use disorders. This scoping review summarizes the current state of the literature concerning virtual substance use disorder patient simulations in health professionals' training and provides suggestions for future directions.

Resident perceptions of learning challenges in concussion care education.

Background: Resident-focused curricula that support competency acquisition in concussion care are currently lacking. We sought to fill this gap by developing and evaluating Spiral Integrated Curricula (SIC) using the cognitive constructivism paradigm and the Utilization-Focused Evaluation (UFE) framework. The evidence-based curricula consisted of academic half-days (AHDs) and clinics for first- and second-year family medicine residents.

Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Motivation in Police Cadets: A Self-Determination Study.

Several studies have highlighted the importance of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) for the health and performance of law enforcement officers. Nevertheless, a considerable proportion of officers still fail to engage in any LTPA. There is a clear need to identify correlates of physical activity among this specific occupational group to help the design of workplace physical activity interventions.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on primary care for hypertension in the UK: a population-based cohort study.

Objectives: To describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hypertension diagnosis and management in UK primary care.

Design: Population-based cohort study.

Setting: Over 2000 general practices across the UK contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Perturbs the Brain-Wide Excitation-Inhibition Balance: Associations with Microcircuit Organization, Clinical Parameters, and Cognitive Dysfunction.

Excitation-inhibition (E/I) imbalance is theorized as a key mechanism in the pathophysiology of epilepsy, with ample research focusing on elucidating its cellular manifestations. However, few studies investigate E/I imbalance at the macroscale, whole-brain level, and its microcircuit-level mechanisms and clinical significance remain incompletely understood. Here, the Hurst exponent, an index of the E/I ratio, is computed from resting-state fMRI time series, and microcircuit parameters are simulated using biophysical models.

Radiation tolerance and biodegradation performance of a marine bacterium Acinetobacter sp. Y9 in radioactive composite oil-contaminated wastewater.

The tolerance and degradation characteristics of a marine oil-degrading strain Acinetobacter sp. Y9 were investigated in the presence of diesel oil and simulated radioactive nuclides (Mn, Co, Ni, Sr, Cs) at varying concentrations, as well as exposure to γ-ray radiation (Co-60). The maximum tolerable concentrations for Coand Ni were found to be 5 mg/l and 25 mg/l, respectively, while the tolerable concentrations for Mn, Sr, and Cs exceeded 400 mg/l, 1000 mg/l, and 1000 mg/l, respectively.

Poorer objective but not subjective driving performance in drivers vulnerable to sleep loss effects during extended wake.

Sleepiness-related errors are a leading cause of driving accidents, requiring drivers to effectively monitor sleepiness levels. However, there are inter-individual differences in driving performance after sleep loss, with some showing poor driving performance while others show minimal impairment. This research explored if there are differences in self-reported sleepiness and driving performance in healthy drivers who exhibited vulnerability or resistance to objective driving impairment following extended wakefulness.