MOF-derived nanozyme CuOx@C and its application for cascade colorimetric detection of phytosterols.

Phytosterols (PSs), a class of naturally occurring bioactive lipid compounds, have been found to possess a significant cholesterol-lowering effect. In developing countries, the consumption of rapeseed oil is the primary pathway of PS intake for the general population. However, developing low-cost, real-time, and high-throughput screening techniques for PSs remains a challenge.

Discrimination between the Triglyceride Form and the Ethyl Ester Form of Fish Oil Using Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

Although the triglyceride form is the natural form of fish oil found in fish, the ethyl ester form of fish oil, which is used during processing to save costs, is also present on the market. In this study, fatty acids and lipids were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-LIT/MS), respectively, according to developed methods. The identification of fatty acids was based on the mass spectral characteristics and equivalent chain lengths.

A study of the pesticide residues in rapeseeds in China: Levels, distribution and health risk assessment.

The aim of this survey was to evaluate the residue levels, distribution and exposure risk of the 38 most commonly used pesticides in rapeseed samples collected from the main production areas in China over a two-year period. The sampling area covered 12 provinces, including Guizhou, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu provinces. The pesticide residues were determined using a QuEChERS (Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe) method coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Simultaneous removal of aflatoxin B and zearalenone in vegetable oils by hierarchical fungal mycelia@graphene oxide@FeO adsorbent.

Physical adsorbents for detoxification are widely used in vegetable oil industry. So far, the high-efficiency and low-cost adsorbents have not been well explored. Here, a hierarchical fungal mycelia@graphene oxide@FeO (FM@GO@FeO) was fabricated as an efficient adsorbent for simultaneous removal of aflatoxin B (AFB) and zearalenone (ZEN).

Fe-N-C single-atom nanozyme for ultrasensitive, on-site and multiplex detection of mycotoxins using lateral flow immunoassay.

Sensitive, on-site and multiple detection of mycotoxins is a vital early-warning tool to minimize food losses and protect human health and the environment. Although paper-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has been extensively applied in mycotoxins monitoring, low-cost, portable, ultrasensitive and quantitative detection is still a formidable challenge. Herein, a series of Fe-N-C single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) were synthesized and systematic characterized.

Mass spectrometry in food authentication and origin traceability.

Food authentication and origin traceability are popular research topics, especially as concerns about food quality continue to increase. Mass spectrometry (MS) plays an indispensable role in food authentication and origin traceability. In this review, the applications of MS in food authentication and origin traceability by analyzing the main components and chemical fingerprints or profiles are summarized.

Screen-printed electrochemical immunosensor based on a novel nanobody for analyzing aflatoxin M in milk.

This study aimed to devise a nontoxic electrochemical immunosensor to quantitatively determine aflatoxin M by chronoamperometry with novel anti-idiotypic nanobody-functionalized screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). Anti-idiotype nanobodies (AIdnb) were developed to replace the high toxic chemically synthesized antigen. AIdnb was immobilized on the surface of SPCE via covalent coupling as capture reagent.

A Sensitive Aptasensor Using Biotin-Streptavidin System for Patulin Detection in Apple Juice.

Patulin contamination in fruits, vegetables, and their products is considered a serious health risk factor for food safety and human health. Thus, a rapid, simple detection method for patulin is becoming important, which could provide a tool for routine screening and food surveys. The objective of this study was to develop a sensitive aptamer-based lateral flow assay (FLA) using Streptavidin functionalized gold nanoparticles for sensitive patulin detection.

Simultaneous determination of aflatoxins, fumonisin B, T-2 and cyclopiazonic acid in agri-products by immunomagnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS.

In the present study, a rapid and sensitive determination method of seven mycotoxins was developed using immunomagnetic solid-phase extraction (IMPSE) coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS. Monoclonal antibodies were conjugated with CNBr superparamagnetic beads, and the major parameters affecting the IMPSE efficiency were systematically investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the mycotoxins were purified with the IMSPE procedure within 15 min and simultaneously quantified by UHPLC-MS/MS.

Nanozyme-strip based on MnO nanosheets as a catalytic label for multi-scale detection of aflatoxin B with an ultrabroad working range.

Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is the most effective real-time detection method for aflatoxin B (AFB). Here, we constructed a nanozyme-strip based on MnO nanosheets (MnO NSs) as a catalytic label for detection of AFB. By taking advantage of the MnO-TMB catalytic amplified system, the new test achieves rapid detection with high sensitivity and ultrawide range.

Topography effect on Aspergillus flavus occurrence and aflatoxin B1 contamination associated with peanut.

Aflatoxin B is a strong carcinogenic and toxic fungal toxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and other Aspergillus species, and can seriously threaten the health of consumers and the safety and quality of agricultural products. Aspergillus in agricultural products are closely related to topography and symbiotic microbes. It is not fully clear that how topography affects the assembly process of A.

A direct competitive nanozyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on MnO nanosheets as a catalytic label for the determination of fumonisin B.

A direct competitive nanozyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dcNLISA) based on MnO nanosheets (MnO NSs) as a nanozyme label was developed for the highly sensitive determination of fumonisin B (FB). MnO NS-labeled fumonisin B-bovine serum albumin was easily synthesized as a competing antigen for the dcNLISA. And color changes derived from the MnO-3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) system were exploited as the output signals of the dcNLISA.

Adulteration detection of essence in sesame oil based on headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry.

Sesame oil is a traditional and delicious edible oil in China and Southeast Asia with a high price. However, sesame oil essence was often illegally added to cheaper edible oils to counterfeit sesame oil. In this study, a rapid and accurate headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) method was proposed to detect the counterfeit sesame oil where the other cheap oils were adulterated with essence.

Fungi population metabolomics and molecular network study reveal novel biomarkers for early detection of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species.

Mycotoxins threaten global food safety, public health and cause huge socioeconomic losses. Early detection is an effective preventive strategy, yet efficient biomarkers for early detection of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species are lacking. Here, we proposed to use untargeted metabolomics and machine learning to mine biomarkers of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species.

Adsorptive removal of aflatoxin B from vegetable oils via novel adsorbents derived from a metal-organic framework.

Vegetable oils are essential daily diet, but they are simply contaminated with aflatoxin B (AFB), a serious toxic compound to human health. Adsorption method due to the easy operation, high efficiency and low costing is set to become a main detoxification technique for AFB. Unfortunately, previous reported adsorbents were rarely used for detoxification in food industry since they cannot meet the criteria of large-scale production of edible oils.

's Response to Antagonism Bacterial Stress Sheds Light on a Regulation and Metabolic Trade-Off Mechanism for Adversity Survival.

Biocontrol to combat the menace of has gained considerable attention. However, the molecular mechanisms of 's response to antagonism biotic stress are poorly deciphered. Here, we discovered that switches an adaptive metabolic reprogramming to ensure its adversity survival by multiomics analyses (including four omics platform).

Simultaneous determination for A. flavus-metabolizing mycotoxins by time-resolved fluorescent microbead or gold-enabling test strip in agricultural products based on monoclonal antibodies.

To simultaneously detect two metabolites of Aspergillus flavus, namely, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) and aflatoxin (AFT), an ultrasensitive monoclonal antibody (mAb) YTT-2 against CPA was developed and characterized, with sensitivity to CPA of 1.32 ng mL. Along with the previously homemade mAb 1C11 against AFT, two mAbs were used to develop time-resolved fluorescence immunoprobes or gold immunoprobes.

Multiplex PCR assay to detect and species simultaneously.

A wide variety of mycotoxins is produced by mycotoxigenic fungi and naturally contaminates food and feed products worldwide. Synergistic effects of multi-toxins are potentially more harmful than exposure to a single compound and can induce acute and chronic toxicity to animals and humans. The aim of the present study is to timely and simultaneously identify the multiple mycotoxigenic fungi capable of causing synergistic toxicity to improve the safety level of food and feedstuff.

Quantification of phenolic compounds in vegetable oils by mixed-mode solid-phase extraction isotope chemical labeling coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS.

In the present work, a rapid, accurate and cost-effective method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of phenolic compounds in oil using mixed-mode solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with chemical labeling UHPLC-MS/MS. Mix-mode SPE weak cation cartridges were selected to enrich and purify phenolic compounds in oil, and hydroxyl moiety was dansylation as stable-isotope internal standard. The major parameters that affected the extraction and chemical labeling efficiency were investigated, and the method was fully validated.

Extraction and Quantification of Sulforaphane and Indole-3-Carbinol from Rapeseed Tissues Using QuEChERS Coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS.

Rapeseed ( L.) is rich in phenols, vitamins, carotenoids, and mineral elements, such as selenium. Additionally, it contains the active ingredients sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol, which have been demonstrated to have pharmacological effects.

Change of Amino Acid Residues in Idiotypic Nanobodies Enhanced the Sensitivity of Competitive Enzyme Immunoassay for Mycotoxin Ochratoxin A in Cereals.

Anti-idiotypic nanobodies, usually expressed by gene engineering protocol, has been shown as a nontoxic coating antigen for toxic compound immunoassays. We here focused on how to increase immunoassay sensitivity by changing the nanobody's primary sequence. In the experiments, two anti-idiotype nanobodies against monoclonal antibody 1H2, which is specific to ochratoxin A, were obtained and named as nontoxic coating antigen 1 (NCA1) and nontoxic coating antigen 2 (NCA2).

Small Molecular Contaminant and Microorganism Can Be Simultaneously Detected Based on Nanobody-Phage: Using Carcinogen Aflatoxin and Its Main Fungal Section spp. in Stored Maize for Demonstration.

Simultaneous detection technology has become a hot topic in analytical chemistry; however, very few reports on how to simultaneously detect small molecular contaminants and microorganisms have been in place. Aflatoxins are a group of highly toxic and carcinogenic compounds, which are produced mainly by and from section responsible for aflatoxin accumulation in stored cereals. Both aflatoxins and section were used to demonstrate the duplex real-time RCR method of simultaneously detecting small molecular contaminants and microorganisms.

Control of Aflatoxigenic Molds by Antagonistic Microorganisms: Inhibitory Behaviors, Bioactive Compounds, Related Mechanisms, and Influencing Factors.

Aflatoxin contamination has been causing great concern worldwide due to the major economic impact on crop production and their toxicological effects to human and animals. Contamination can occur in the field, during transportation, and also in storage. Post-harvest contamination usually derives from the pre-harvest infection of aflatoxigenic molds, especially aflatoxin-producing such as and .

Determination of Aflatoxin B and B in Vegetable Oils Using FeO/rGO Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction Coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Fluorescence with Post-Column Photochemical Derivatization.

In this study, magnetic graphene nanocomposite FeO/rGO was synthesized by facile one-pot solvothermal method. The nanocomposite was successfully used as magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) adsorbents for the determination of aflatoxins in edible vegetable oils through the π-π stacking interactions. MSPE parameters including the amount of adsorbents, extraction and desorption time, washing conditions, and the type and volume of desorption solvent were optimized.

Anti-idiotypic nanobody-phage display-mediated real-time immuno-PCR for sensitive, simultaneous and quantitative detection of total aflatoxins and zearalenone in grains.

An anti-idiotypic nanobody-phage display-mediated immuno-polymerase chain reaction (PD-IPCR) method was developed for simultaneous quantitative detection of total aflatoxins and zearalenone in cereals. Two phages, displaying the variable domain of the heavy chain anti-idiotypic nanobody that binds aflatoxin- or zearalenone-specific monoclonal antibody (1C11 or 2D3), were used as competitors for corresponding analytes. Specific DNA sequences encoding anti-idiotypic nanobodies were used to design the primers for PCR amplification.