Novel approach to retrograde ureterorenoscopy: a case report of laparoscopic-assisted ureterorenoscopy for minor calyx stone removal.

A 16-year-old male presented to OPD with right-sided flank pain associated with lower urinary tract symptoms. CT scan and ultrasound findings demonstrated a 12.9 mm renal stone in the lower calyx and moderate hydronephrosis, respectively.

Thrombocytosis and Thrombocytopenia in Treatment-Naïve Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Single-Centre Retrospective Data-Based Study From Pakistan.

Background and objective This study aims to investigate thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia in treatment-naïve rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, addressing the lack of data on their prevalence and clinical significance. By focusing on untreated patients, this study seeks to clarify the disease's natural course without confounding factors from prior therapies. The research is particularly important in the Pakistani context, where regional variations in RA presentation are underexplored.

Impact of Chronic Noise Stress on Thyroid Health: A Comparative Histomorphological and Endocrine Study in Adult Male and Female Rats.

Objective: To compare the effect of varying durations of noise exposure on the histomorphological and endocrine profile of the thyroid gland in male and female adult rats.

Study Design: An experimental study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Anatomy, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi / NUMS, from January to December 2020.

Correlation Between Transient Elastography and Non-invasive Biomarker Scores for the Detection of Liver Fibrosis.

Background and aim The study aimed to address the need for reliable and non-invasive biomarkers (NIBM) for detecting fibrosis among patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Material and methods This was a diagnostic validation study executed at the Department of Gastroenterology, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. The study was carried out from July 2023 to June 2024, enrolling a total of 88 patients using non-probability consecutive sampling.

Management of recurrent end-stage achalasia with robotic-assisted esophagectomy: a case report and literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Achalasia, an uncommon esophageal motility disorder, presents therapeutic challenges, especially in refractory cases with a history of multiple surgeries. Here, we present a complex case illustrating the dilemmas and multidisciplinary approach required in managing such patients. This case underscores the relevance of newer techniques like robotic-assisted esophagectomy in refractory achalasia management.

Transformative Deep Vein Thrombosis Prophylaxis With Sequential Compression Devices in the Care of Hospitalized Patients.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a critical complication and concern in hospitalized patients due to its significant morbidity and mortality. Given the complex and multifaceted pathophysiology surrounding DVT formation, patients who have had surgical interventions faced acute or chronic trauma and prolonged immobility are at substantially high risk. Identifying these risk factors early is essential for early intervention and prophylaxis.

Advanced Oesophageal Cancer: A Step Forward in Chemotherapy-Free Treatment.

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A Critical Analysis of "The Revival of Essay-Type Questions in Medical Education: Harnessing Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning".

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Histomorphological Changes in Testis of Rats with Prolonged Exposure to Allethrin-Based Mosquito Coil Smoke.

Objective: To explore the potential adverse effects of prolonged inhalation of mosquito coil smoke on the testicular histomorphology and serum testosterone levels in rats.

Study Design: An experimental study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Anatomy, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January to December 2020.

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion on Editorial Boards of Medical Student Journals.

Ensuring diversity within the healthcare sector is essential for improving team dynamics and ultimately patient outcomes. Diversity among medical students is fundamental to embody this philosophy. With the demand for diversity in the admissions process gaining traction, the authors expanded this conversation to the editorial boards (EBs) of Medical Student Journals (MSJs).

Median Nerve Palsy Caused by a Brachial Artery Pseudoaneurysm Following an Acute Penetrating Trauma.

Arterial pseudoaneurysms are uncommon vascular lesions resulting from a breach in the arterial wall leading to contained haematoma formation, often associated with trauma or iatrogenic procedures. Brachial artery pseudoaneurysms following acute penetrating trauma are rare, with even fewer cases presenting with associated median nerve complications. We present the case of a 41-year-old man who developed median nerve palsy secondary to a brachial artery pseudoaneurysm following a knife stab wound to his left cubital fossa.

Duodenum Inversum in a Female: A Rare Clinical Entity Presenting With Right Hypochondrial Pain.

Duodenum inversum is a rare congenital anomaly in which the proximal duodenum travels posteriorly and superiorly before crossing the midline, often presenting asymptomatically. Clinical features can include epigastric pain, nausea, and abdominal distension. This case report describes a 35-year-old female who presented with right hypochondrial pain.

Exploring the clinical effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in managing cardiovascular complications: an updated comprehensive review and future directives.

The possible cardiovascular advantages of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), a class of drugs predominantly used to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D), have garnered increasing attention in recent years. Clinical trials have looked into the possibility that GLP-1RAs have extra cardioprotective benefits in addition to their ability to manage T2D, demonstrating significant major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) reduction and a favorable safety profile. GLP-1 RAs improve cardiovascular outcomes, especially in those with existing cardiovascular disease.

Clinical efficacy and safety of IV ferric carboxymaltose in restless legs syndrome: A meta-analysis of 537 patients.

Background: Recent research indicates that intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (IV FCM) presents a promising solution for Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), distinguishing itself from other iron sources with minimal to no adverse effects. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of administering IV FCM in patients with RLS, assuming that RLS and Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are correlated.

Methodology: This study was conducted according to the PRISMA guideline, with search conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Medline library.

Comparison of Complete Versus Incomplete Percutaneous Revascularization in Patients With Chronic Total Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The optimal extent of revascularization in patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains debated. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of complete versus incomplete revascularization in CTO patients. A systematic search of EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science was conducted up to July 6, 2024.

Minimally Invasive Surgery for Hirschsprung Disease: Current Practices and Future Directions.

Hirschsprung disease (HD) is a congenital disorder characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the distal colon and rectum, leading to functional obstruction and severe constipation. Over the past decades, the surgical management of HD has significantly evolved, with minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques revolutionizing treatment approaches. This review explores recent innovations in MIS for HD, focusing on laparoscopic, transanal endorectal pull-through (TERPT), and robotic-assisted techniques.