Combining Multifrequency Magnetic Resonance Elastography With Automatic Segmentation to Assess Renal Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Multifrequency MR elastography (mMRE) enables noninvasive quantification of renal stiffness in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Manual segmentation of the kidneys on mMRE is time-consuming and prone to increased interobserver variability.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of mMRE combined with automatic segmentation in assessing CKD severity.

Integrative analysis of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs: Unveiling prognostic significance, immune microenvironment, and copper-induced mechanisms in prostate cancer.

Background: Long non-coding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) regulate messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and influence cancer development and progression. Cuproptosis, a newly discovered form of cell death, plays an important role in cancer. Nonetheless, additional research investigating the association between cuproptosis-related lncRNAs and prostate cancer (PCa) prognosis is required.

Analysis of fetal fraction in non-invasive prenatal testing with low-depth whole genome sequencing.

Background: The fetal fraction (FF) is a critical factor influencing the performance of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). Different NIPT methods and sequencing depths can lead to distinct minimum FF thresholds for Trisomy 21 (T21). This study aims to analyze the minimum FF thresholds for detecting T21 in PCR-free NIPT using a low-depth whole genome sequencing method.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Among Postpartum and Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction And Hypothesis: This research sought to explore the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) among postpartum and postmenopausal women.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among postpartum and postmenopausal women between May and August 2023. Demographic data, along with KAP scores, were collected using a self-designed questionnaire-based approach.

Identification and analysis of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia: opportunities and challenges.

Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) is the most common precursor lesion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which has poor prognosis with a short median overall survival of 6-12 months and a low 5-year survival rate of approximately 3%. It is crucial to remove PanIN lesions to prevent the development of invasive PDAC, as PDAC spreads rapidly outside the pancreas. This review aims to provide the latest knowledge on PanIN risk, pathology, cellular origin, genetic susceptibility, and diagnosis, while identifying research gaps that require further investigation in this understudied area of precancerous lesions.

Sex-specific cut-off for dilute Russell's viper venom time lupus anticoagulant test may be of value.

Background: Current guidelines recommend application of the 99th percentile to determine the cut-off value on at least 120 healthy donors regardless of sex for lupus anticoagulant (LA) ratio of each step. However, a statistically significant difference between the sexes has been found for LA ratio recently.

Objectives: To clarify whether this sex difference in dilute Russell's viper venom time (DRVVT) exists in various detection systems and the necessity of setting sex-specific cut-off values.

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals characteristic feature of macrophage reprogramming in liver Mallory-Denk bodies pathogenesis.

Chronic liver diseases are highly linked with mitochondrial dysfunction and macrophage infiltration. Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs) are protein aggregates associated with hepatic inflammation, and MDBs pathogenesis could be induced in mice by feeding 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC). Here, we investigate the macrophage heterogeneity and the role of macrophage during MDBs pathogenesis on DDC-induced MDBs mouse model by single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq).

Is Overlain Display a Right Choice for AR Navigation? A Qualitative Study of Head-Mounted Augmented Reality Surgical Navigation on Accuracy for Large-Scale Clinical Deployment.

Background: During the course of the past two decades, head-mounted augmented reality surgical navigation (HMARSN) systems have been increasingly employed in a variety of surgical specialties as a result of both advancements in augmented reality-related technologies and surgeons' desires to overcome some drawbacks inherent to conventional surgical navigation systems. In the present time, most experimental HMARSN systems adopt overlain display (OD) that overlay virtual models and planned routes of surgical tools on corresponding physical tissues, organs, lesions, and so forth, in a surgical field so as to provide surgeons with an intuitive and direct view to gain better hand-eye coordination as well as avoid attention shift and loss of sight (LOS), among other benefits during procedures. Yet, its system accuracy, which is the most crucial performance indicator of any surgical navigation system, is difficult to ascertain because it is highly subjective and user-dependent.

The efficacy and safety of thymosin α1 for sepsis (TESTS): multicentre, double blinded, randomised, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial.

Objective: To evaluate whether the immunomodulatory drug thymosin α1 reduces mortality in adults with sepsis.

Design: Multicentre, double blinded, placebo controlled phase 3 trial.

Setting: 22 centres in China, September 2016 to December 2020.

Association of the Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Neutrophil to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio With the Severity of New-Onset Coronary Artery Disease.

Background: The monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MHR) and neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) are novel comprehensive indicators reflecting the body's inflammation and lipid metabolism. Previous studies have found that MHR and NHR are associated with the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and death. However, the correlation between MHR, NHR, and the severity of newly diagnosed coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been thoroughly explored.

When acute myocardial infarction meets renal abscess: Case report and literature review.

Rationale: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading global cause of death from cardiovascular disease, and the mortality rate increases in the presence of comorbidities such as renal abscess. The treatment of AMI combined with renal abscess is challenging, especially in combination with urinary tract obstruction, as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can lead to progression of the renal abscess and deterioration of renal function. Currently, there is no consensus on the treatment of renal abscess in AMI.

A novel three-dimensional co-culture model for studying exosome-mediated cell interactions in glioblastoma.

Three-dimensional(3D) cell culture systems provide a larger space for cell proliferation, which is crucial for simulating cellular behavior and drug responses in the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we developed a novel 3D co-culture system for cell interactions, utilizing a commercialized bioreactor-microcarrier system. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were extracted via enzymatic digestion, and markers CD105 and CD31 were identified.

A novel necroptosis-related gene signature predicts the prognosis and immunotherapeutic response in breast cancer through immune infiltration.

Growing evidence has demonstrated the association between necroptosis and tumorigenesis and immunotherapy. However, the influence of overall necroptosis related genes on prognosis and immune microenvironment of breast cancer is still unclear. In this study, We systematically analyzed the necroptosis related gene patterns and tumor microenvironment characteristics of 1294 breast cancer patients by clustering the gene expression of 22 necroptosis related genes.

Ultrafast enzyme-responsive hydrogel for real-time assessment and treatment optimization in infected wounds.

Monitoring wound infection and providing appropriate treatment are crucial for achieving favorable outcomes. However, the time-consuming nature of laboratory culture tests may delay timely intervention. To tackle this challenge, a simple yet effective HDG hydrogel, composed of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), dopamine, and GelMA polymer, is developed for the ultrafast detection and treatment of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) infections.

IDO1 inhibitor enhances the effectiveness of PD-1 blockade in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer by promoting macrophage pro-inflammatory phenotype polarization.

Microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC) is a subtype of CRC that generally exhibits resistance to immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1 blockade. This study investigates the effects and underlying mechanisms of combining PD-1 blockade with IDO1 inhibition in MSS CRC. Bioinformatics analyses of TCGA-COAD and TCGA-READ cohorts revealed significantly elevated IDO1 expression in CRC tumors, correlating with tumor mutation burden across TCGA datasets.

Oral administration of pioglitazone inhibits pulmonary hypertension by regulating the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome in male rats.

The oral administrated thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have been widely reported to alleviate experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, previous studies mainly focused on their beneficial effects on the cardiopulmonary vascular system but failed to determine their potential roles on gut microenvironment. This study aims to investigate the effects of pioglitazone, an oral TZD drug, on gut microbiome in classic PH rat models induced by hypoxia (HPH) or SU5416/hypoxia (SuHx-PH) and evaluate the therapeutic potential of supplementation of selective probiotics for experimental PH.

The mechanism of discriminative aminoacylation by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase based on wobble nucleotide recognition.

The faithful charging of amino acids to cognate tRNAs by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) determines the fidelity of protein translation. Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IleRS) distinguishes tRNA from tRNA solely based on the nucleotide at wobble position (N34), and a single substitution at N34 could exchange the aminoacylation specificity between two tRNAs. Here, we report the structural and biochemical mechanism of N34 recognition-based tRNA discrimination by Saccharomyces cerevisiae IleRS (ScIleRS).

Clinical Relevance and Drug Modulation of PPAR Signaling Pathway in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Analysis.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly heterogeneous and poses a significant medical challenge due to limited treatment options and poor outcomes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play a crucial role in regulating metabolism and cell fate. While the association between PPAR signal and human cancers has been a topic of concern, its specific relationship with TNBC remains unclear.

Live Akkermansia muciniphila boosts dendritic cell retinoic acid synthesis to modulate IL-22 activity and mitigate colitis in mice.

Background: The interplay between gut microbiota and immune responses is crucial in ulcerative colitis (UC). Though Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk) shows therapeutic potential, the mechanisms remain unclear. This study sought to investigate differences in therapeutic efficacy among different forms or strains of Akk and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Advances of NAT10 in diseases: insights from dual properties as protein and RNA acetyltransferase.

N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) is a member of the Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) family and it plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, such as regulation of cell mitosis, post-DNA damage response, autophagy and apoptosis regulation, ribosome biogenesis, RNA modification, and other related pathways through its intrinsic protein acetyltransferase and RNA acetyltransferase activities. Moreover, NAT10 is closely associated with the pathogenesis of tumors, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), systemic lupus erythematosus, pulmonary fibrosis, depression and host-pathogen interactions. In recent years, mRNA acetylation has emerged as a prominent focus of research due to its pivotal role in regulating RNA stability and translation.

Deciphering the Significance of Platelet-Derived Chloride Ion Channel Gene (BEST3) Through Platelet-Related Subtypes Mining for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

This study investigates platelet-related subtypes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and seeks to identify genes associated with prognosis, focusing on the clinical significance of the chloride ion channel gene BEST3. We utilised sequencing and clinical data from GEO, TCGA and the Xena platform, building a risk model based on genetic features. TCGA and GSE37745 served as training cohorts, while GSE50081, GSE13213, GSE30129 and GSE42127 were validation cohorts.

Bioactive electrospun polylactic acid/chlorogenic acid-modified chitosan bilayer sponge for acute infection wound healing and rapid coagulation.

Acute severe trauma is often associated with rapid blood loss and a high risk of infection. Based on these concerns, this study successfully constructed a multifunctional dual-layer bioactive sponge PCCT with rapid hemostatic and infection-preventing ability. Its external surface is an electrospun poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofiber thin film layer, which ensures its high air permeability and effectively protects against external bacterial invasion.