Seed traits and burial state affect plant seed secondary dispersal mediated by rodents.

Seed dispersal is an important ecological process and has important implications for plant population expansion and regeneration. Seed dispersal not only reduces the probability of death due to seed density but also facilitates seedling establishment. Many studies have focused on the effect of one or two factors on seed dispersal.

Water-land-energy efficiency and nexus within global agricultural trade during 1995-2019.

Agricultural product demand driven by population and economic growth poses challenges to water, land, and energy utilization, and this increasing local demand is largely met through trade. However, the efficiency and nexus pattern of the water, land, and energy embodied in agricultural trade are not well understood. This study uses the multi-regional input-output framework to analyze agricultural water, land, and energy utilization efficiency of resource footprints per unit economic output as well as their transfer and nexus pattern in global agricultural trade for 1995-2019.

An LSTM-based optimization algorithm for enhancing quantitative arbitrage trading.

Arbitrage trading is a common quantitative trading strategy that leverages the long-term cointegration relationships between multiple related assets to conduct spread trading for profit. Specifically, when the cointegration relationship between two or more related series holds, it utilizes the stability and mean-reverting characteristics of their cointegration relationship for spread trading. However, in real quantitative trading, determining the cointegration relationship based on the Engle-Granger two-step method imposes stringent conditions for the cointegration to hold, which can easily be disrupted by price fluctuations or trend characteristics presented by the linear combination, leading to the failure of the arbitrage strategy and significant losses.

CLIB: Contrastive learning of ignoring background for underwater fish image classification.

Aiming at the problem that the existing methods are insufficient in dealing with the background noise anti-interference of underwater fish images, a contrastive learning method of ignoring background called CLIB for underwater fish image classification is proposed to improve the accuracy and robustness of underwater fish image classification. First, CLIB effectively separates the subject from the background in the image through the extraction module and applies it to contrastive learning by composing three complementary views with the original image. To further improve the adaptive ability of CLIB in complex underwater images, we propose a multi-view-based contrastive loss function, whose core idea is to enhance the similarity between the original image and the subject and maximize the difference between the subject and the background, making CLIB focus more on learning the core features of the subject during the training process, and effectively ignoring the interference of background noise.

Botanical characterization, phytochemistry, biosynthesis, pharmacology clinical application, and breeding techniques of the Chinese herbal medicine .

(FRU) belongs to the genus of the Liliaceae family. It is one of the original plants of the Chinese medicinal material "Chuanbeimu" and also a biological resource featured in the Tibetan Plateau of China. The dried bulbs of FRU are used in traditional Chinese medicine.

Achieving Tunable Mechanoluminescence in CaZnOS:Tb, Sm for Multicolor Stress Sensing.

Mechanoluminescent (ML) materials can exhibit visible-to-near-infrared mechanoluminescence when responding to the fracture or deformation of a solid under mechanical stimulation. Transforming mechanical energy into light demonstrates promising applications in terms of visual mechanical sensing. In this work, we synthesized the phosphor CaZnOS:Tb, Sm, which exhibited intense and tunable multicolor mechanoluminescence without pre-irradiation.

Phenotypic variation in hypocotyl elongation among elite sand rice () lines.

Sand rice (), widely distributed in Central Arid Asia and prevalent in the sand dunes of northern China, presents a promising potential as a climate-resilient crop. The plasticity of hypocotyl growth is the key trait for sand rice to cope with wind erosion and sand burial, ensure seedling emergence, and determine plant architecture. In this study, we assessed the overall hypocotyl phenotype of six sand rice elite lines, which were collected from different regions of northern China, and selected by our group over past decade through common garden trials.

Enhanced hydrogen storage property of MgH caused by a BaCrO nanocatalyst.

Magnesium hydroxide (MgH) has a broad application prospect in solid hydrogen storage, but the associated higher dehydrogenation temperature and undesirable cycling capacity limit its large-scale application. In this study, a BaCrO nanocatalyst prepared a wet chemistry method was added to MgH to achieve better kinetic and thermodynamic performances. Kinetic tests suggested that the onset hydrogen desorption temperature was decreased for milled MgH from 390 °C to below 280 °C after the introduction of a 5 wt% BaCrO nanocatalyst and the maximum dehydrogenation amount was up to 6.

Effect of Warming on Personality of Mosquitofish () and Medaka Fish ().

Global warming may accelerate the process of biological invasions, and invasive species that can quickly adapt to new environments will have a negative impact on native species. Animal personalities have significant implications for ecology and evolution. However, few studies have simultaneously examined the combined effects of climate warming and biological invasions on native species.

NHX5/NHX6/SPY22 complex regulates BRI1 and brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis.

NHX5 and NHX6, Arabidopsis endosomal antiporters, play a vital role in facilitating ion and pH homeostasis in endosomal compartments. Studies have found that NHX5 and NHX6 are essential for protein trafficking, auxin homeostasis, and plant growth and development. Here, we report the role of NHX5 and NHX6 in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling.

Deciphering the maize gene ZmGF14-3: implications for plant height based on co-expression networks.

The evolutionary analysis showed that the GF14 family was conserved, however, there was limited evidence linking GF14s to plant height. In our investigations, we discovered a co-expression relationship between ZmGF14s and functionally characterized genes linked to plant height. In the co-expression network, we identified ZmGF14-3, a gene expression exhibiting a positive correlation with plant height in three maize varieties, we postulated that this gene could be intimately linked to plant height development.

Exploration of chemical compositions in different germplasm wolfberry using UPLC-MS/MS and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of quercetin.

Wolfberry, esteemed as a traditional Chinese medicinal material and functional food, is replete with nutrients and boasts a diverse array of health benefits, including hypoglycemic, antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-enhancing properties. Notably, inflammation is a pivotal factor in the onset and progression of numerous diseases. Despite this, there is a paucity of research on the comprehensive evaluation of the components found in different wolfberries, and the exploration of their primary active components is limited.

Biocontrol Mechanisms of Three Plant Essential Oils Against Causing Potato Late Blight.

Late blight, caused by the notorious pathogen , poses a significant threat to potato () crops worldwide, impacting their quality as well as yield. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential use of cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, and eugenol as control agents against and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms of action. To determine the pathogen-inhibiting concentrations of these three plant essential oils (PEOs), a comprehensive evaluation of their effects using gradient dilution, mycelial growth rate, and spore germination methods was carried out.

Assessing the dynamics and trigger factors of drought propagation in the China-Pakistan economic corridor: A three-dimensional perspective.

Effectively managing drought in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) region requires a precise understanding of the three-dimensional characteristics of meteorological drought (MD) and agricultural drought (AD), as well as the factors that trigger their propagation. This study employed non-stationary drought indices (NSPEI and SSMI) to develop a cutting-edge 3-dimensional drought identification model. This model was used to detect MD and AD patterns from 1981 to 2022 in the CPEC region and was integrated with binomial logistic regression to identify the critical factors that drive drought propagation.

The impact of the Qinghai-Tibet highway on plant community and diversity.

Roads are an increasingly prevalent form of human activity that drives the decrease in plant community functions and threatens global biodiversity. However, few studies have focused on the changes in the function and diversity of alpine meadows caused by road infrastructure in the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, the changes in species diversity, functional diversity, and community stability were examined at different distances from the Qinghai-Tibet highway.

Polysaccharides as Quality Marker to Rapid Profile for by PXRD.

Background: has long been recognized as a mysterious and valuable traditional Chinese medicine but there has been little research on quality markers for .

Purpose: This study looked into the potential of using powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) to analyze polysaccharides as a quality marker for .

Study Design: There were 16 different habitats of collected in Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Tibet.

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Traditional information encryption materials that rely on fluorescent/phosphorescent molecules are facing an increasing risk of counterfeiting or tampering due to their static reading mode and advances in counterfeiting technology. In this study, a series of MgZnSnO ( = 0.55, 0.

Genomic variation induced by a low concentration of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) in quinoa 'Longli-4' variety.

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, 2n = 4x = 36), a super pseudocereal crop, has been introduced into China nearly 60 years. Many excellent varieties have been developed through massive selection; however, few are developed through mutagenesis breeding. In this study, the 'Longli-4' variety, locally cultivated in Gansu province, Northwest China, was selected for experimentation.

A Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Study on the Biosynthesis of Iridoids in from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that grows in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region at a 3100-5000 m altitude. Iridoid compounds are the main active compounds of the used as medical ingredients and display anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and hepatoprotective properties. To better understand the biological mechanisms of iridoid compounds in this species, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of leaves from four different regions (3540-4270 m).

The Response of Soil Respiration to Temperature and Humidity in the Thermokarst Depression Zone of the Headwater Wetlands of Qinghai Lake.

As the climate warms, the thickening of the active layer of permafrost has led to permafrost melting and surface collapse, forming thermokarst landforms. These changes significantly impact regional vegetation, soil physicochemical properties, and hydrological processes, thereby exacerbating regional carbon cycling. This study analyzed the relationship between soil respiration rate (Rs), soil temperature (T), and volumetric water content (VWC) in the thermokarst depression zone of the headwater wetlands of Qinghai Lake, revealing their influence on these soil parameters.

Five Pairs of Enantiomer as Rearrangement Products from Secoiridoids in Pall.

Five racemates () were isolated from , in which were successfully separated into four pairs of enantiomers ( and , and , and , and and ), whereas the resolution of failed due to the hemiacetal functionality at the stereogenic center. Using electronic circular dichrosim calculation, the relationship of the molecular rotation direction and the carbon / chirality was revealed, and each pair of enantiomer was identified as (-)-()-gentianmacrol B () and (+)-()-gentianmacrol B (), (-)-()-8-methoxy-gentianol () and (+)-()-8-methoxy-gentianol (), (+)-()-8-methyl-gentianadine () and (-)-()-8-methyl-gentianadine (), and (-)-()-gentianol () and (+)-()-gentianol (). Besides, these compounds could be divided into two series, containing the benzene ring moiety and containing the pyridine ring moiety.

Comparative genomics of the primary endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola in aphid hosts and their coevolutionary relationships.

Background: Coevolution between modern aphids and their primary obligate, bacterial endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, has been previously reported at different classification levels based on molecular phylogenetic analyses. However, the Buchnera genome remains poorly understood within the Rhus gall aphids.

Results: We assembled the complete genome of the endosymbiont Buchnera in 16 aphid samples, representing 13 species in all six genera of Rhus gall aphids by shotgun genome skimming method.