Golgi apparatus-targeting fluorescent probe for the imaging of superoxide anion (O) in living cells during ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis is an emerging iron-dependent oxidative cell death type, and recently has been demonstrated to show close relation with Golgi apparatus (GA). Exploring the fluctuation of superoxide anion (O) level in GA during ferroptosis is of great significance to profoundly study the biological functions of GA in ferroptosis. Here, we present a GA-targeting probe (N-GA) to monitor cellular O during ferroptosis.

Development of a turn-on fluorescent probe for the imaging of intracellular hypochlorous acid (HClO) during ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis is a burgeoning iron-dependent cell death form, and has close relation with hypochlorous acid (HClO). Exploring the fluctuation of the HClO level in living cells during ferroptosis could contribute to the profound study of the biological functions of HClO during ferroptosis. Here, we present a turn-on probe (RH-C) for the imaging of intracellular HClO during ferroptosis.

An FRET-based and ER-targeting fluorescent probe for tracking superoxide anion (O) in the hippocampus of the depressive mouse.

Exploration of the pathway for the excessive generation of O in hippocampus during depression is critical for the study on molecular mechanism of depression, and is currently still inconclusive. Herein, we put forward a hypothesis that depression increases the generation of O in hippocampus by triggering ER stress, and verified this hypothesis by constructing an FRET-based ER-targeting fluorescent probe (ER-CRh) which can provide ratiometric detection of O with high sensitivity and selectivity. The probe ER-CRh showed desirable ER-targeting capability, and could detect the endogenous O in the ER of the hippocampal neuronal cells experiencing ER stress.

A D-π-A-π-D type structure-based fluorescent probe for revealing the fluctuations of the ER polarity during ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis is a novel Fe(II)-mediated oxidative cell death form, and is closely related with endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Exploring the fluctuation of ER polarity during ferroptosis is highly important for the in-depth study of the biological roles of ER in ferroptosis. Herein, we present a ratiometric probe (BNS) for revealing the changes of the ER polarity in the living cells experiencing ferroptosis.

Development of a "double reaction" type-based fluorescent probe for the imaging of superoxide anion in living cells.

Superoxide anion (O) is an important ROS in living systems, and rapid and in situ detection of O is critical for the in-depth study of its roles in the closely related diseases. Herein, we present a "double reaction" type-based fluorescent probe (BZT) for the imaging of O in living cells. BZT employed a triflate group as a recognition site for O.

Fluorescence Imaging of Intracellular Glutathione Levels in the Endoplasmic Reticulum to Reveal the Inhibition Effect of Rutin on Ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis is an emerging form of nonapoptotic cell death, and the search for novel ferroptosis inhibitors is of great importance to explore unique cytoprotective strategies against ferroptosis-relevant diseases. In this work, we present an endoplasmic reticulum-targeting fluorescent probe () for the imaging of intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and revealed the inhibition effect of rutin on ferroptosis. Structurally, utilized a cyclohexyl sulfonylurea as the endoplasmic reticulum-targeting unit, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that possessed a N-oxide pyridine sulfinyl group instead of sulfone.

Development of an Endoplasmic Reticulum-targeting Fluorescent Probe for the Imaging of Superoxide Anion in Living Cells.

Superoxide anion (O) is an important reactive oxygen species (ROS), and plays critical roles in biological systems. ER stress has close relation with many metabolic diseases, and could lead to the abnormal production of ROS including O. Herein, we present an ER-targeting probe (ER-Tf) for the detection of O in living cells.

Endoplasmic reticulum-specific fluorescent probe for the two-photon imaging of endogenous superoxide anion (O) in live cells and zebrafishes.

ER stress has close relation with various metabolic diseases including obesity and insulin resistance, and could result in the abnormal production of ROS including O. Real-time and in situ detection of endogenous O in ER is vitally important for revealing the physiological roles of O during ER stress. Herein, we present an ER-specific two-photon probe (ER-Rs) for the detection of endogenous O in living cells and zebrafishes.