Polymer nanotherapeutics: A promising approach toward microglial inhibition in neurodegenerative diseases.

Nanoparticles (NPs) that target multiple transport mechanisms facilitate targeted delivery of active therapeutic agents to the central nervous system (CNS) and improve therapeutic transport and efficacy across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). CNS nanotherapeutics mostly target neurons and endothelial cells, however, microglial immune cells are the first line of defense against neuronal damage and brain infections. Through triggering release of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and proteases, microglia can however precipitate neurological damage-a significant factor in neurodegenerative diseases.

Exploring Technological Progress in Three-Dimensional Imaging for Root Canal Treatments: A Systematic Review.

Introduction And Aims: Root canal therapy is a crucial aspect of endodontic treatment aimed at preserving natural dentition. Over the years, advancements in three-dimensional (3D) technology have revolutionized diagnosis and treatment planning. Different 3D technologies are used in dental care, such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), which ensures 3D slice visualization, root canal microanatomy, and dynamic navigation throughout the pulp cavity.

Electrochemical biosensors in early leukemia detection.

Leukemia, a type of blood cancer marked by an abnormal increase in white blood cells, poses a significant challenge to healthcare. The key to successful treatment lies in early detection. However, traditional methods often fall short.

Potential function of microRNA miRNA-206 in breast cancer pathogenesis: Mechanistic aspects and clinical implications.

Breast cancer (BC) is a major public health problem that affects women worldwide. Growing evidence has highlighted the role of miRNA-206 in BC pathogenesis. Changes in its expression have diagnostic and prognostic potential as they are associated with clinicopathological parameters, including lymph node metastasis, overall survival, tumor size, metastatic stage, resistance to chemotherapy, and recurrence.

Primary ovarian hydatid cyst mimicking cyst adenoma: a rare case report.

Background: Hydatid cysts (HC) are zoonotic diseases that are mainly caused by . Ovarian HC is a rare condition with different and unspecified presentations. Here we report a rare case of primary ovarian HC.

Evaluation of the risk factors of metastasis to central cervical lymph nodes in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Background: Papillary thyroid cancer, comprising 80% of thyroid malignancies in iodine-sufficient areas, can be effectively treated if detected early before metastasis. Cervical lymph nodes are a common site of metastasis, prompting some surgeons to suggest prophylactic dissection in all patients. To minimize potential side effects, this study aims to identify patients benefiting from this procedure by assessing risk factors for central lymph node metastasis.

Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Aseptic Meningitis in Children.

Objectives: Viruses are the most common infectious causes of aseptic meningitis (AM). After the COVID-19 pandemic, AM following the COVID-19 disease and its different vaccines were reported. This study compares some characteristics of patients with AM before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

The moderating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between occupational stress and mental health issues among nurses.

Occupational stress is a complex concept resulting from interaction among personnel, work environment, and cultural contexts. It can cause mental health issues, including clinical mental disorders, as well as emotional challenges like depression, anxiety, cognitive difficulties, and feeling sad. As a vulnerable group, healthcare professionals, especially nurses, experience a high rate of occupational stress.

Consanguineous marriage among familial multiple sclerosis subjects: A national registry-based study.

Background: The rising prevalence of familial multiple sclerosis (MS) in Iran has spurred interest in the potential impact of parental consanguinity on the risk of developing the disease. This study aims to aggregate current knowledge on parental consanguinity and its possible effect on MS risk, particularly among familial MS patients from various regions and ethnicities in Iran. The objective is to enhance the understanding of MS genetics and encourage further research in this field.

Prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasites among Asian schoolchildren: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Intestinal protozoan parasites among Asian schoolchildren are a subject of concern due to their prevalence and potential health impact. Understanding and addressing this issue is crucial for public health in the region.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search for articles published up to December 2023 across four databases, including Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science.

The Factor Structure and Generalizability of the Iranian Socioeconomic Status (SES) Questionnaire Administered in a Nationally Divergent Population.

Background: Measuring socioeconomic status (SES) as an independent variable is challenging, especially in epidemiological and social studies. This issue is more critical in large-scale studies on the national level. The present study aimed to extensively evaluate the validity and reliability of the Iranian SES questionnaire.

Prevalence of Vitamin D Receptor Genes Polymorphisms in People with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) play an effective role in the susceptibility of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Given the importance of this polymorphism and its association with pulmonary TB, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of VDR polymorphisms in people with pulmonary TB.

Methods: The search process was performed from 2009 to 2023 according to PRISMA (Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses).

Novel homozygous mutation in SCNN1A gene in an Iranian boy with PHA1B.

Objectives: Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1) has two genetically distinct variants, including renal and systemic forms. Systemic PHA type I (PHA1B) has varying degrees of clinical presentation and results from mutations in genes encoding subunits of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) including the alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. To date, about 45 variants of PHA1B have been identified.

Apigenin attenuates serum concentrations of TNF-a, interleukin 1b and interleukin 6 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rats.

Objective: The use of flavonoids is increasing due to their cost-effectiveness and less adverse reaction. Therefore, the effect of apigenin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation was investigated by measuring IL-1b, IL-6, and TNF-a, of serum in the male rats.

Materials And Methods: Ninety male wistar rats were divided in 6 groups included; control, sham, dexamethasone 15 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.

Effect of orbital decompression surgery on the choroidal profile in patients with thyroid eye disease.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of orbital wall decompression surgery and reduction of proptosis on the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED). Fifty-one eyes from 38 patients with controlled TED and proptosis were enrolled in this study. The majority of the patients (50.

Protective effects of pioglitazone in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI): focus on oxidative stress and inflammation.

Background: Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) is a critical phenomenon that compromises renal function and is the most serious health concern related to acute kidney injury (AKI). Pioglitazone (Pio) is a known agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ). PPAR-γ is a nuclear receptor that regulates genes involved in inflammation, metabolism, and cellular differentiation.

Age modulates the predictive value of self-reported sleepiness for all-cause mortality risk: insights from a comprehensive national database of veterans.

Study Objectives: Excessive daytime sleepiness is prevalent and overwhelmingly stems from disturbed sleep. We hypothesized that age modulates the association between excessive daytime sleepiness and increased all-cause mortality.

Methods: We utilized the Veterans' Health Administration data from 1999-2022.

Prevalence and socio-economic determinants of growth and developmental delays among Iranian children aged under five years: A cross sectional study.

Background: The main cause of growth and development delays remains unknown, but it can occur as an interaction between genetic, environmental, and socio-economic factors.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and social determinants of growth and developmental delays among children aged under five years in Qazvin, Iran.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2019 to December 2020 with participation of 1800 mothers with children aged 4-60 months who were referred to comprehensive health centers in Qazvin city, Iran.

A model of the organizational resilience of hospitals in emergencies and disasters.

Background: In the health system, hospitals are intricate establishments that offer vital medical services. Their resilience plays a crucial role in mitigating the societal repercussions of disasters. A hospital must possess the capacity to withstand risks, preserve its fundamental structure and operations, and enhance its preparedness by augmenting various capabilities and promptly recovering from the impacts of potential risks.

Oral Infections in Ancient Human Skulls in 2000 BC/Iron Age, Iran.

Background: Oral infections have been seen in humans since ancient times. Excessive penetration of this infection can cause human death. Most of these infections are gum cysts and abscesses.

Association Between the G82S Polymorphism of the Receptor Gene for Advanced Glycation End-products and Soluble Serum Levels RAGE with Diabetic Nephropathy in the White (Asian) Race.

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common severe symptoms of diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia can lead to tissue damage and inflammation due to mediators such as receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the association between the G82S polymorphism of the RAGE gene and diabetic nephropathy in diabetic patients.