Renal Infarction in a Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation Patient.

Renal infarction is a rare but potentially serious condition, often misdiagnosed due to its non-specific presentation, which mimics conditions such as nephrolithiasis and pyelonephritis. Discussed in this case report is a 68-year-old woman who presented to an emergency department with two weeks of worsening left flank pain. She was found to have a new diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) on electrocardiogram (ECG) and CT findings revealing renal infarction.

Clinical and Histopathological Findings in HIV-positive to HIV-positive Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Background: The spectrum of histological findings in transplanted kidneys from HIV-positive donors to HIV-positive recipients is relatively unexplored. This study describes the type and timing of histological diagnoses observed in this unique cohort.

Methods: Adequate biopsies were analyzed at implantation and posttransplant between September 2008 and May 2022.

Cephalosporins for Outpatient Pyelonephritis in the Emergency Department: COPY-ED Study.

Study Objective: The primary objective of our study was to compare the effectiveness of oral cephalosporins versus fluroquinolones and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for the treatment of pyelonephritis in patients discharged home from the emergency department (ED).

Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study of 11 geographically diverse US EDs. Patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with pyelonephritis and discharged home from the ED between January 1, 2021 and October 31, 2023 were included.

Are the Hematological Parameters Useful in Differentiating Acute Pyelonephritis from Cystitis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease?

Background And Objectives: The importance of hematological parameters has started to be explored with increased interest in many fields lately, with different studies finding an association between those parameters and inflammatory status, atherosclerosis, comorbidities, malnutrition, neoplasia and even a faster progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). On the other hand, CKD itself presents as an inflammatory condition, in which a lot of pathways are modified and the response to an infectious agent could be less than expected. Regarding the latter aspect, in this study we aim to explore the differences between the hematologic response during a lower versus upper urinary tract infection in patients with CKD.

Pneumococcal Endocarditis in a 49-Year-Old Male With Concomitant Myocarditis, Septic Spinal Arthritis, and Paraspinal Myositis: A Case Report.

Pneumococcal infective endocarditis (PIE) is a rare but serious infection often presenting with systemic complications such as septic emboli, myocarditis, and septic arthritis. This case report highlights a 49-year-old male who presented with acute-on-chronic lower back pain and fever, later diagnosed with PIE complicated by septic spinal arthritis, paraspinal myositis, and developing myocarditis. A 49-year-old male presented to the emergency department (ED) with worsening back pain and fever after treatment failure for suspected pyelonephritis.

Colovesical Fistula in a Kidney Transplant Patient: A Fatal Outcome.

Colovesical fistula (CVF) is a rare but potentially serious condition characterized by abnormal communication between the colon and the bladder. This pathology can result from inflammatory diseases, malignancies, or previous surgical interventions, with a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. CVF is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in immunosuppressed individuals, such as renal transplant recipients, due to their increased susceptibility to infections and surgical complications.

Inherited kidney disease and CAKUT are common causes of kidney failure requiring kidney replacement therapy: an ERA Registry study.

Background: Inherited kidney diseases (IKD) and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are causes of kidney failure requiring kidney replacement therapy (KRT) that major renal registries usually amalgamate into the primary renal disease (PRD) category 'miscellaneous' or in the glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis categories. This makes IKDs invisible (except for polycystic kidney disease) and may negatively influence the use of genetic testing, which may identify a cause for IKDs and some CAKUT.

Methods: We have re-examined the etiology of KRT by composing a separate IKD and CAKUT PRD group using data from the European Renal Association (ERA) Registry.

Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism: A Case Report.

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion that appears after prolonged secondary hyperparathyroidism, leading to the onset of hypercalcemia. The parathyroid glands are found to undergo hyperplastic or adenomatous changes and act autonomously with increased parathormone secretion not suppressed by feedback control. This entity is commonly associated with long-term secondary hyperparathyroidism states, such as chronic kidney disease, renal transplantation, and gastrointestinal malabsorption.

Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis Mimicking a Complex Renal Cyst: A Report of a Rare Case.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGPN) is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory condition that affects the kidney and can often be hard to diagnose preoperatively due to its varying clinical presentations. We present here a rare case of a 36-year-old man with focal XGPN with preoperative CT imaging showing a large heterogenous lesion (computer tomography Hounsfield unit (CT HU) + 20) of size ~ 8.6 x 8.

Extreme Reactive Thrombocytosis Caused by Obstructive Nephrolithiasis and Pyelonephritis.

Platelet counts in reactive thrombocytosis rarely exceed 1000 × 10/L. We present the case of a male patient, aged 80 years, with quiescent rheumatoid arthritis who was found to have a platelet count of 1011 × 10/L on routine laboratory testing. The patient was initially asymptomatic but developed leukocytosis to 23.

Fatal nephrobronchial fistula arising from xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: a case report.

Introduction: Nephrobronchial fistula is an exceptionally rare complication of renal infections, including the uncommon xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Existing literature is limited to a few case reports, with antibiotic therapy and nephrectomy being the preferred treatments.

Case: We present the case of a 63-year-old woman with a history of recurrent xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in her right kidney, requiring drainage through lumbotomy.

A New Era for PET/CT: Applications in Non-Tumorous Renal Pathologies.

Non-tumorous kidney diseases include a variety of conditions affecting both the structure and function of the kidneys, thereby causing a range of health-related problems. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has emerged as a potential diagnostic tool, offering a multifaceted approach to evaluating non-tumorous kidney diseases. Its clinical significance extends beyond its conventional role in cancer imaging, enabling a comprehensive assessment of renal structure and function.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a patient with polycystic kidney disease without underlying risk factors: a case report.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is an extremely rare, chronic granulomatous inflammatory condition thought to arise secondary to a combination of obstruction, recurrent bacterial infection and an incomplete immune response although the etiology of XGP is more complex. We would like to report a case of XGP occurring in a patient with polycystic kidney disease (PCKD), which has not been previously documented in etiology. A 29-year-old woman presented to our hospital with right upper quadrant pain for 5 days.

[Not Available].

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is the leading cause of nosocomial infection worldwide. It is a factor in the progression of chronic kidney disease.

Aim: To determine the epidemiological, clinical, microbiological, therapeutic and evolving profile of patients with chronic kidney disease and urinary tract infection.

Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis in a Young Adult Without Any Pre-existing Conditions.

The timely diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP), a rare and chronic kidney condition, along with its appropriate management, is a must to spare the kidney from end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The main hurdle in early diagnosis of most medical conditions, including XGP, is the absence of specific and characteristic symptoms, which, if present, would make the patient seek medical aid earlier and tempt the clinician to think of variable differential diagnosis. We hereby report a case of a 20-year-old male patient who had no specific symptoms suggestive of a renal pathology, which delayed him from considering consulting a healthcare professional, thereby making his condition diagnosed as XGP at a time when his involved kidney was hardly salvageable.