Cranioplasty Using Autoclaved Autologous Skull Bone Flaps Preserved at Ambient Temperature.

Context: Decompressive craniectomy followed by cranioplasty (CP) uses autologous craniectomy flaps or synthetic materials like titanium. Sterilization and preservation methods for the autologous bone flaps continue to be the surgeon's choice.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the short-term as well as long-term clinical outcomes of CP using autoclaved autologous bone grafts.

Laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis: Advances in technology and drug susceptibility testing.

There have been rapid technological advances in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its drug susceptibility in clinical samples. These include advances in microscopic examination, in vitro culture and application of molecular techniques. The World Health Organization (WHO) has played a large role in evaluating these technologies for their efficacy and feasibility, especially in the developing countries.

Fever with Rashes.

Fever with rashes is one of the commonest clinical problems a general practitioner or pediatrician has to face in day-to-day clinical practice. It can be a mild viral illness or a life-threatening illness like meningococcemia or Dengue hemorrhagic fever or it can be one with a lifelong consequence like Kawasaki disease. It is very important to arrive at a clinical diagnosis as early as possible with the minimum investigational facilities.

Erratum to: Antimicrobials: a global alliance for optimizing their rational use in intra-abdominal infections (AGORA).

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13017-016-0089-y.].

The defining a model for antimicrobial stewardship-results from an international cross-sectional survey.

Background: Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) have been promoted to optimize antimicrobial usage and patient outcomes, and to reduce the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms. However, the best strategies for an ASP are not definitively established and are likely to vary based on local culture, policy, and routine clinical practice, and probably limited resources in middle-income countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate structures and resources of antimicrobial stewardship teams (ASTs) in surgical departments from different regions of the world.

Attitude of bachelor of dental surgery students and interns toward teaching-learning process in Government Dental College, Kottayam, Kerala, India.

Introduction: The educational environment affects the academic performance of students. One of the most widely utilized tools for measuring the educational environment is Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM). The objective of the study was to assess the attitude toward study environment, as measured using DREEM questionnaire, and to find out the differences in perception of various batches of dental students.

Mid-Esophageal Diverticulum Mimicking an Aortic Aneurysm on Chest Radiography.

Background: Mid-esophageal region is an uncommon location of esophageal diverticula, a condition usually diagnosed in elderly individuals.

Case Report: We report a case of an elderly male with incidental finding of mediastinal lesion, which was initially thought to be an aortic aneurysm. Further evaluation demonstrated a mid-esophageal diverticulum at the level of the carina.

Susceptibility-weighted angiography and diffusion-weighted imaging in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome - Is there an association between hemorrhage, cytotoxic edema, blood pressure and imaging severity?

Purpose: To assess the significance of association and possible correlation between hemorrhage, cytotoxic edema, blood pressure and imaging severity in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included the medical and imaging records of 35 consecutive patients with PRES. The clinical data analysis included the highest recorded blood pressure (BP) on the day of the ictus, MRI including spin-echo echo planar diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), susceptibility weighted angiography (SWAN) and conventional sequences.

Spinal cord regeneration by modulating bone marrow with neurotransmitters and Citicholine: Analysis at micromolecular level.

Background: Spinal cord injury results in disruption of brain-spinal cord fibre connectivity, leading to progressive tissue damage at the site of injury and resultant paralysis of varying degrees. The current study investigated the role of autologous bone marrow modulated with neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter stimulating agent, Citicholine, in spinal cord of spinal cord injured rats.

Methods: Radioreceptor assay using [3H] ligand was carried out to quantify muscarinic receptor.

A comparison of clinical characteristics of older adults treated with antidepressants in general and psychiatric hospitals in Asia.

Aim: This study compared the demographics, clinical characteristics, and antidepressant prescription patterns between Asian patients aged 50 years and older attending psychiatric hospitals and those attending general hospitals.

Methods: In total, 955 patients (604 in general hospitals, 351 in psychiatric hospitals) aged 50 years or older treated with antidepressants in 10 Asian countries and territories were examined. Patients' demographics, clinical features, and prescriptions of psychotropic drugs were recorded using a standardized protocol and data collection procedure.

Serovar prevalence of Leptospira in semirural India and the development of an IgM-based indirect ELISA.

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a major public health problem in India. However, it has been underreported and under-diagnosed due to a lack of awareness of the disease, a functional surveillance system, and appropriate laboratory diagnostic facilities.

Methodology: This multicenter study aimed to understand the Leptospira serovars causing leptospirosis in seven secondary-level hospitals in six states in India.

Effectiveness of Mind Mapping Technique in Information Retrieval Among Medical College Students in Puducherry-A Pilot Study.

Background: The traditional teaching learning methods involve a one way process of transmission of knowledge leaving the students lacking behind in creative abilities. Medical schools need to change their teaching strategies to keep the interest of students and empower them for future self- learning and critical thinking.

Objective: To assess the impact of mind mapping technique in information retrieval among medical college students in Puducherry.

Evaluation of bone mineral density among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in South Karnataka.

Background: Diabetes is one of the world's biggest health problems and the disease affects almost all organ systems. The relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and bone mineral density (BMD) has been controversial. Early identification of reduction in bone mass in a diabetic patient may be helpful in preventing the bone loss and future fracture risks.

Mitigation of whole-body gamma radiation-induced damages by Clerodendron infortunatum in mammalian organisms.

Several phytoceuticals and extracts of medicinal plants are reported to mitigate deleterious effects of ionizing radiation. The potential of hydro-alcoholic extract of Clerodendron infortunatum (CIE) for providing protection to mice exposed to gamma radiation was investigated. Oral administration of CIE bestowed a survival advantage to mice exposed to lethal doses of gamma radiation.

Nummular headache: Clinico-epidemiological features in South Indian population.

Context: Nummular headache (NH) is a primary disorder characterized by head pain exclusively felt in a small-rounded area typically 2-6 cm in diameter.

Aims: The aim of this review is to study the clinical and epidemiological features of NH in a patient population of South India and to compare this with that of described in the international literature.

Settings And Design: A prospective, observational study conducted in a tertiary care center.

Multidrug resistance mediated by co-carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, AmpC and New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 genes among carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae at five Indian medical centres.

In this study, we evaluated the coexistence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC and New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) genes among carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) recovered prospectively from patients at multiple sites. The study included 285 CRE strains from 2782 Gram-negative Bacilli collected from multiple centres during 2007-2010, of which 87 were characterised. Standard and reference laboratory methods were used for resistance determination.

Using antibiotics responsibly: are we there yet?

Problems of antibiotic access and excess coexist in the world today and are compounded by rising rates of antibiotic resistance. We introduce two dimensions of responsibility to this context: responsible individual practices and a broad societal obligation centered on sustainability. Acting on these responsibilities requires recognizing the potential tensions between an individual optimum for antibiotic use and the societal optimum.

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis: a rare cause of enigmatic peritoneal masses.

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis (DPL) is an unusual extrauterine form of leiomyoma that has been found to coexist with its intrauterine counterpart in individuals who have previously undergone laparoscopic myomectomy. The presence of extrauterine masses with the density of smooth muscle on CT imaging and/or with a low signal intensity similar to that of smooth muscle on weighted MRI in a patient presenting with associated intrauterine leiomyoma and/or a history of previous laparoscopic myomectomy suggests the possibility of DPL. Imaging studies help in diagnosing and delineating the location and extent of the lesion and also follow-up the masses to look for sarcomatous transformation.

Protective effect of ayurvedic formulations against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: Preliminary studies on Brahma Rasayana and Chyavanaprash.

Aim Of Study: The present work aimed to examine the efficacy of two ayurvedic formulations, Brahma Rasayana (BRM) and Chyavanaprash (CHM) to alleviate doxorubicin (DOX) induced acute cardiotoxicity.

Materials And Methods: Swiss albino mice were administered with DOX (25 mg/kg, i.p.

Antimicrobials: a global alliance for optimizing their rational use in intra-abdominal infections (AGORA).

Intra-abdominal infections (IAI) are an important cause of morbidity and are frequently associated with poor prognosis, particularly in high-risk patients. The cornerstones in the management of complicated IAIs are timely effective source control with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Empiric antimicrobial therapy is important in the management of intra-abdominal infections and must be broad enough to cover all likely organisms because inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy is associated with poor patient outcomes and the development of bacterial resistance.

The Burgholzli Hospital: Its history and legacy.

The Burgholzli Hospital Zurich has a very important place in history, as part of of modern era in Psychiatry. Founded in 1870 by the efforts of Griesinger, it was here many eminent path breakers in Psychiatry like Bleuler, Jung, Adolf Meyer and others once worked. From here, Bleuler coined the term "Schizophrenia".

Prescription pattern of antidepressants in five tertiary care psychiatric centres of India.

Background & Objectives: Limited data are available on prescription patterns of the antidepressants from India. We studied antidepressants' prescription pattern from five geographically distant tertiary psychiatric care centers of the India.

Method: In this cross-sectional study, all patients who attended outpatients department or were admitted in the psychiatry wards at Lucknow, Chandigarh, Tiruvalla, Mumbai and Guwahati on a fixed day, who were using or had been prescribed antidepressant medications, were included.