Primary charge separation in Chloroflexus aurantiacus reaction centers at room temperature: ultrafast transient absorption measurements on Q-depleted preparations with native and chemically modified bacteriopheophytin composition.

The initial electron transfer (ET) processes in reaction centers (RCs) of Chloroflexus (Cfl.) aurantiacus were studied at 295 K using femtosecond transient absorption (TA) difference spectroscopy. Particular attention was paid to the decay kinetics of the primary electron donor excited state (P) and the formation/decay of the absorption band of the monomeric bacteriochlorophyll a anion (B) at ~ 1035 nm, which reflects the dynamics of the charge-separated state PB.

Near-atomic cryo-EM structure of the light-harvesting complex LH2 from the sulfur purple bacterium Ectothiorhodospira haloalkaliphila.

Bacteria with the simplest system for solar energy absorption and conversion use various types of light-harvesting complexes for these purposes. Light-harvesting complex 2 (LH2), an important component of the bacterial photosynthetic apparatus, has been structurally well characterized among purple non-sulfur bacteria. In contrast, so far only one high-resolution LH2 structure from sulfur bacteria is known.

RNA-Binding S1 Domain in Bacterial, Archaeal and Eukaryotic Proteins as One of the Evolutionary Markers of Symbiogenesis.

The RNA-binding S1 domain is a β-barrel with a highly conserved RNA-binding site on its surface. This domain is an important part of the structures of different bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic proteins. A distinctive feature of the S1 domain is multiple presences (structural repeats) in proteins and protein complexes.

Mining Translation Inhibitors by a Unique Peptidyl-Aminonucleoside Synthetase Reveals Cystocin Biosynthesis and Self-Resistance.

Puromycin (Puro) is a natural aminonucleoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis by its incorporation into elongating peptide chains. The unique mechanism of Puro finds diverse applications in molecular biology, including the selection of genetically engineered cell lines, in situ protein synthesis monitoring, and studying ribosome functions. However, the key step of Puro biosynthesis remains enigmatic.

The role of the endocannabinoid system in the pathogenesis and treatment of epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a group of chronic neurological brain disorders characterized by recurrent spontaneous unprovoked seizures, which are accompanied by significant neurobiological, cognitive, and psychosocial impairments. With a global prevalence of approximately 0.5-1 % of the population, epilepsy remains a serious public health concern.

Differential effect of cerium nanoparticles on the viability, redox-status and Ca-signaling system of cancer cells of various origins.

The present study aims to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of cerium nanoparticles (CeNPs) in oncology. Cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of pure nanocerium of different sizes synthesized by laser ablation. Due to the not insignificant influence of surface defects and oxygen species on the ROS-modulating properties of cerium nanoparticles, the nanoparticles were not coated with surfactants or organic molecules during synthesis, which could potentially inhibit a number of pro-oxidative effects.

Two Novel Membranes Based on Collagen and Polyphenols for Enhanced Wound Healing.

Two novel membranes based on collagen and two polyphenols, taxifolin pentaglutarate (TfG5) and a conjugate of taxifolin with glyoxylic acid (DfTf), were prepared. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy examination confirmed the preservation of the triple helical structure of collagen. A scanning electron microscopy study showed that both materials had a porous structure.

Methyloraptor flagellatus gen. nov., sp. nov., novel Ancalomicrobiaceae-affiliated facultatively methylotrophic bacteria that feed on methanotrophs of the genus Methylococcus.

A morphologically conspicuous microbial association was detected in a bioreactor running in a continuous mode with methanotrophic bacteria of the genus Methylococcus and natural gas as a growth substrate. The association consisted of spherical Methylococcus cells colonized by elongated rods, which produced rosette-like aggregates and inhibited the cultivation process. An isolate of these bacteria, strain S20, was obtained and identified as belonging to the alphaproteobacterial family Ancalomicrobiaceae but displaying only a distant relationship (93.

Ppn2 Polyphosphatase Improves the Ability of to Grow in Mild Alkaline Medium.

Inorganic polyphosphates and respective metabolic pathways and enzymes are important factors for yeast active growth in unfavorable conditions. However, particular proteins of polyphosphate metabolism remain poorly explored in this context. Here we report biochemical and transcriptomic characterization of the CRN/PPN2 yeast strain (derived from Ppn1-lacking CRN strain) overexpressing poorly studied Ppn2 polyphosphatase.

Methylocystis borbori sp.nov., a novel methanotrophic bacterium from the sludge of a freshwater lake and its metabolic properties.

A novel methanotrophic strain 9N was isolated from the sludge of a freshwater lake. Cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile pleomorphic rods with intracytoplasmic membrane systems that appropriate type-II methanotrophs and hemispherical and spherical exocellular formations on the perimeter of the cell wall surface. The novel isolate grows only on methane or methanol as the sole carbon and energy source, at 10-37 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), pH 4.

Enzyme cascades for in vitro and in vivo FMN prenylation and UbiD (de)carboxylase activation under aerobic conditions.

Microbial carboxylases and decarboxylases play important roles in the global carbon cycle and have many potential applications in biocatalysis and synthetic biology. The widespread family of reversible UbiD-like (de)carboxylases are of particular interest because these enzymes are active against a diverse range of substrates. Several characterized UbiD enzymes have been shown to catalyze reversible (de)carboxylation of aromatic and aliphatic substrates using the recently discovered prenylated FMN (prFMN) cofactor, which is produced by the associated family of UbiX FMN prenyltransferases.

Optimization and scaling up of extracellular polysaccharide production by submerged culture of Ganoderma lucidum on starch-containing medium using response surface methodology and laboratory bioreactors of various designs.

Basidiomycetes, known for their production of bioactive compounds, traditionally use simple sugars for fermentation. However, their ability to degrade complex plant polysaccharides through enzyme secretion presents potential for the use of renewable raw materials. This study focused on the optimization of exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and efficient substrate consumption by Ganoderma lucidum using response surface methodology (RSM).

Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) knockout increases mitochondrial Ca uptake in HeLa cells.

The multifunctional promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes in both physiological and pathological conditions. Specifically, PML is one of the inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IPRs) activity regulators and can influence Ca transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria. In this work, the effects of PML knockout on calcium homeostasis in the cytosol, ER, and mitochondria of HeLa cells were studied upon stimulation with histamine, which induces Ca mobilization from the ER via IPRs.

Comparative Study of Spectral and Functional Properties of Wild Type and Double Mutant H(L173)L/I(L177)H Reaction Centers of the Purple Bacterium .

Previously, we found that in the reaction center (RC) of the purple bacterium , formation of heterodimeric primary electron donor (P) caused by the substitution of His-L173 by Leu, was compensated by the second mutation Ile-L177 - His. Significant changes in the spectral properties, pigment composition, and redox potential of P observed in the H(L173)L RC, are restored to the corresponding characteristics of the native RC in the RC H(L173)L/I(L177)H, with the difference that the energy of the long-wavelength Q optical transition of P increases significantly (by ~75 meV). In this work, it was shown using light-induced difference FTIR spectroscopy that the homodimeric structure of P is preserved in the RC with double mutation with partially altered electronic properties: electronic coupling in the radical-cation of the P dimer is weakened and localization of the positive charge on one of its halves is increased.

Generation and Characterization of Three Novel Mouse Mutant Strains Susceptible to Audiogenic Seizures.

The mechanisms of epileptogenesis after brain injury, ischemic stroke, or brain tumors have been extensively studied. As a result, many effective antiseizure drugs have been developed. However, there are still many patients who are resistant to therapy.

Arabidopsis and genes double knock-out results in a stay-green phenotype during dark-induced senescence.

Yellowing is the first visually observable sign of plant leaf senescence. We found that Arabidopsis double knockout mutant for genes of NAD(H)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase retains green color of the leaves (stay-green phenotype) during a dark-induced senescence, in contrast to wild-type plants, whose leaves turn yellow. When the plants are exposed to the dark more than four days, they demonstrate slower chlorophyll degradation than in the wild-type plants under the same conditions, as well as dysregulation of chlorophyll breakdown genes encoding chlorophyll reductase, Mg-dechelatase, pheophytinase and pheophorbide oxygenase.

Characteristics of the Enterococcus Phage vB_EfS_SE, and the Properties of Its Chimeric Endolysins Harboring a PlySE-Carbohydrate-Binding Domain and a Synthetic Enzymatic Domain.

The World Health Organization has selected enterococci as one of the priority multidrug-resistant microorganisms for the development of new antibacterial drugs. Bacteriophages are promising antibacterial agents, but the biology of bacteriophages requires deeper understanding. The vB_EfS_SE phage which is capable of infecting four species of the genus was isolated from sewage plant.

Mechanism of Intracellular Elemental Sulfur Oxidation in , Where Persulfide Dioxygenase Plays a Key Role.

Representatives of the colorless sulfur bacteria of the genus use reduced sulfur compounds in the processes of lithotrophic growth, which is accompanied by the storage of intracellular sulfur. However, it is still unknown how the transformation of intracellular sulfur occurs in representatives. Annotation of the genome of D-402 did not identify any genes for the oxidation or reduction of elemental sulfur.

A Novel Subsp. T1 Strain from Cow's Milk: Homeostatic and Antibacterial Activity against ESBL-Producing .

The global emergence of antibiotic-resistant zooanthroponotic strains, producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL-E) and persisting in the intestines of farm animals, has now led to the development of a pandemic of extra-intestinal infectious diseases in humans. The search for innovative probiotic microorganisms that eliminate ESBL-E from the intestines of humans and animals is relevant. Previously, we received three isolates of bifidobacteria: from milk of a calved cow (BLLT1), feces of a newborn calf (BLLT2) and feces of a three-year-old child who received fresh milk from this calved cow (BLLT3).

Phenotypic and Genomic Characterization of a Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium sp. nov. Isolated from a Petroleum Reservoir in Russia.

The search for the microorganisms responsible for sulfide formation and corrosion of steel equipment in the oil fields of Tatarstan (Russia) resulted in the isolation of a new halotolerant strictly anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacterium, strain 5S69. The cells were motile curved Gram-negative rods. Optimal growth was observed in the presence of 2.

Upregulation of cholinergic modulators Lypd6 and Lypd6b associated with autism drives anxiety and cognitive decline.

Intellectual disability and autistic features are associated with chromosome region 2q23.q23.2 duplication carrying LYPD6 and LYPD6B genes.