Barriers and Enablers for Accessing Rehabilitation Services: Findings From the Rehabilitation Choices Study, Part 1-Healthcare Professionals' Perspectives.

Introduction: Globally, there is an increasing demand for quality medical rehabilitation services. This is the first article of a two-part series showing the findings from the Rehabilitation Choices study in which the main aim was to understand the current landscape of decision-making, enablers and barriers to access appropriate rehabilitation services in the Australian setting. In Part 1, these insights were sought from a healthcare professionals' perspective.

Setting of initiation and factors associated with antidepressant use on entry to long-term care facilities.

Aims: Antidepressant use increases around long-term care facility (LTCF) entry, and initiation during hospitalizations may contribute to this. This study characterized the care setting (i.e.

Virtual environments as a novel and promising approach in (neuro)diagnosis and (neuro)therapy: a perspective on the example of autism spectrum disorder.

Over the last three decades, dynamically evolving research using novel technologies, including virtual environments (VEs), has presented promising solutions for neuroscience and neuropsychology. This article explores the known and potential benefits and drawbacks of employing modern technologies for diagnosing and treating developmental disorders, exemplified by autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD's complex nature is ideal for illustrating the advantages and disadvantages of the digital world.

Prevalence and risk factors of under-five mortality due to severe acute malnutrition in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Despite a global drop of under-five mortality by 59% between 1990 and 2019, it remains high in Low- and Middle- income Countries (LMICs)with a preponderance in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Southern and Central Asia. Besides preterm and intrapartum complications, undernutrition contributes 45% of the deaths in these developing regions. In Africa, under-five mortality due to severe acute malnutrition (SAM) has stagnated at 10-40%, higher than WHO targets and the SDGs projections.

Tolerability and effectiveness of face-masks in reducing cough aerosols for children with cystic fibrosis.

Background: People with cystic fibrosis (CF) are recommended to wear face-masks when in healthcare settings. We previously demonstrated that face-masks significantly reduce the release of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) aerosols during coughing in adults with CF.

Prostaglandin E and Akt promote stemness in Apc mutant Dclk1+ cells to give rise to colitis-associated cancer.

Background And Aims: Loss of the tumor suppressor gene Apc in Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells results in aberrant Wnt signaling and colonic tumorigenesis. In the setting of injury, however, we and others have also shown that non-stem cells can also give rise to colonic tumors. The mechanism by which inflammation leads to cellular plasticity and cancer, however, remains largely unknown.

THE INDIVIDUAL FIBRINOLYTIC CAPACITY PREDICTS EFFICACY OF ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED CATHETER-DIRECTED THROMBOLYSIS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE PULMONARY EMBOLISM.

Background: Ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis (USAT) is nowadays available as an alternative reperfusion approach for acute pulmonary embolism (PE). The lytic agent recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) activates the effector protease plasmin to induce fibrinolysis. The aim of this study was to identify predictive markers for the efficacy of USAT in patients with acute PE.

Identification, structure, and agonist design of an androgen membrane receptor.

Androgens, such as 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT), regulate numerous functions by binding to nuclear androgen receptors (ARs) and potential unknown membrane receptors. Here, we report that the androgen 5α-DHT activates membrane receptor GPR133 in muscle cells, thereby increasing intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and enhancing muscle strength. Further cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structural analysis of GPR133-Gs in complex with 5α-DHT or its derivative methenolone (MET) reveals the structural basis for androgen recognition.

Plumbagin ameliorates renal fibrosis by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Renal fibrosis is a common pathological feature of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), driven by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. Despite its prevalence, therapeutic candidates specifically targeting fibrosis are limited, and the role of renal tubular epithelial cells in fibrosis pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the anti-fibrotic effects of Plumbagin, a plant-derived natural compound, using a folic acid-induced renal fibrosis model that simulates proximal tubular injury-driven fibrosis.

General practice registrar evaluation of long COVID in patients presenting with fatigue.

Background Long COVID is a new and prevalent condition defined by persistent symptoms following acute COVID-19 infection. While increasing resources are being directed to management, there is little evidence on how general practitioners (GPs) have changed their assessment and differential diagnosis of patients with potential long COVID symptoms including fatigue. This study aimed to examine how often GP registrars consider long COVID in patients presenting with fatigue, how often they think long COVID might be the cause for fatigue, and patient, registrar, practice, and consultation factors associated with these outcomes.

Is there a risk of esketamine misuse in clinical practice?

In 2019, intranasal esketamine gained approval as a promising therapy for those individuals grappling with treatment-resistant depression. Both clinical trials and real-world studies have underscored its efficacy in alleviating and remitting depressive symptoms, with sustained benefits observed for nearly 4.5 years.

Dietary Intake and Micronutrient Adequacy among Adults in Rural Sri Lanka: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Baseline Survey.

Objective: To characterize food group consumption, assess the contribution of food groups to energy and micronutrient intake, and estimate usual nutrient intake among adults in rural Sri Lanka.

Design: A baseline survey (Dec 2020-Feb 2021) was conducted as part of an agriculture-based, nutrition-sensitive resilience program evaluation. Dietary intake was assessed using telephone-based 24-hour recalls (n=1283), with repeat recalls from 769 participants.

The association between 24-h movement behaviours and adiposity among Australian preschoolers: a compositional data analysis.

Introduction: The relationship between 24-h movement behaviours (i.e. sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity) and adiposity in preschoolers remains unclear.

Solving unknown primary cancer with earlier diagnosis - the SUPER-ED trial: study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial to support earlier diagnosis for people presenting with malignancy of undefined primary origin.

Background: People with malignancy of undefined primary origin (MUO) have a poor prognosis and may undergo a protracted diagnostic workup causing patient distress and high cancer related costs. Not having a primary diagnosis limits timely site-specific treatment and access to precision medicine. There is a need to improve the diagnostic process, and healthcare delivery and support for these patients.

Shrinking the lymphatic filariasis map of Zimbabwe: Reassessing the population requiring treatment through confirmatory mapping.

Objectives: Zimbabwe is endemic for lymphatic filariasis (LF) with 39 districts identified for mass drug administration (MDA) in 2014. The objective of this study was to reassess the current population requiring MDA.

Methods: The LF confirmatory mapping method was used to evaluate the prevalence of circulating filarial antigens (CFA) among school-aged children (9-14 years) in previously endemic districts.

Functional attributes of the anterior mesendoderm in patterning the anterior neural structures during head formation in the mouse.

Induction of the neural ectoderm and the patterning of embryonic brain are the requisite organizing activity for head formation. Studies of loss-of-function mouse mutants that displayed a head truncation phenotype pointed to a key functional role of the anterior mesendoderm in anterior neural patterning. In this overview, we highlight the learning of the molecular attributes underpinning the formation of the anterior mesendoderm, the acquisition of ectoderm competence in the epiblast and the patterning of the embryonic brain during gastrulation and neurulation.

Prevalence, incidence, and clinical features of cardiac involvement in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Background: The epidemiology and characteristics of cardiac involvement in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis remain unclear. We aimed to determine the prevalence, incidence, and clinical features of cardiac sarcoidosis in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Methods: The characteristics of patients with biopsy-proven pulmonary sarcoidosis were retrospectively evaluated.

Development of Chimeric Nanobody-Granzyme B Functionalized Ferritin Nanoparticles for Precise Tumor Therapy.

T-cell lymphomas (TCLs) are heterogeneous malignancies with limited treatment options and poor outcomes. The efficacy of traditional T-cell therapies, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, is often constrained by immunosuppressive factors and the tumor microenvironment. On the other hand, although direct Granzyme B (GrB) administration can effectively induce tumor cell apoptosis, it lacks universal tumor targeting and efficient cellular entry mechanisms.

Prioritizing questions and topics for the development of guidelines and consensus-based recommendations supported by ILAE: A scoping review and proposal of prioritization criteria.

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and consensus-based recommendations (CBRs) require considerable effort, collaboration, and time-all within the constraints of finite resources. Professional societies, such as the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), must prioritize what topics and questions to address. Implementing evidence-based care remains a crucial challenge in clinical practice.

PEBP1 amplifies mitochondrial dysfunction-induced integrated stress response.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in numerous diseases and the aging process. The integrated stress response (ISR) serves as a critical adaptation mechanism to a variety of stresses, including those originating from mitochondria. By utilizing mass spectrometry-based cellular thermal shift assay (MS-CETSA), we uncovered that phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 (PEBP1), also known as Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP), is thermally stabilized by stresses which induce mitochondrial ISR.