"We Don't Get Drugs Targeted for Us:" Applying the Integrated Behavioral Model to Understand Why Black Women Chose to Participate in a Breast Cancer Clinical Trial.

Guided by the integrated behavioral model, the authors interviewed 14 Black breast cancer survivors ( = 14) who had participated in a breast cancer clinical trial. This study aimed to better understand what may motivate Black women to engage in medical research and decide to participate in medical research. Findings revealed that Black women's altruistic desires to serve others and their communities are greatly influenced by the need to leave a "legacy" of better treatment for other Black women.

Verdazyl radical polymers for advanced organic spintronics.

Spin currents have long been suggested as a potential solution to addressing circuit miniaturization challenges in the semiconductor industry. While many semiconducting materials have been extensively explored for spintronic applications, issues regarding device performance, materials stability, and efficient spin current generation at room temperature persist. Nonconjugated paramagnetic radical polymers offer a unique solution to these challenges.

Hovering hawkmoths exploit unsteady circulation to produce aerodynamic force.

This study employs an integrated approach, combining three-dimensional flow visualization and two-dimensional flow measurement to investigate the underlying unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms of hovering hawkmoths. Using a single vortex ring model, three aerodynamic force components, such as aerodynamic force induced by unsteady circulation, vortex loop size variation and added mass, are estimated within a dimensionless time (normalized by one wing beat cycle) range of 0.418 < < 0.

Parallel genetic adaptation amid a background of changing effective population sizes in divergent yellow perch () populations.

Aquatic ecosystems are highly dynamic environments vulnerable to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. High-economic-value fisheries are one of many ecosystem services affected by these disturbances, and it is critical to accurately characterize the genetic diversity and effective population sizes of valuable fish stocks through time. We used genome-wide data to reconstruct the demographic histories of economically important yellow perch () populations.

Discovery of non-retinoid compounds that suppress the pathogenic effects of misfolded rhodopsin in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa.

Pathogenic mutations that cause rhodopsin misfolding lead to a spectrum of currently untreatable blinding diseases collectively termed retinitis pigmentosa. Small molecules to correct rhodopsin misfolding are therefore urgently needed. In this study, we utilized virtual screening to search for drug-like molecules that bind to the orthosteric site of rod opsin and improve its folding and trafficking.

Efficient Generation of Knock-Out Sheep by Electroporation of CRISPR-Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Complex with Dual-sgRNAs.

In mice, naturally occurring and induced mutations in the suppressor of cytokine signaling-2 () gene are associated with a high growth phenotype characterized by rapid post-weaning weight gain and 30-50% heavier mature body weight. In this work, we demonstrate an electroporation-based method of producing knock-out (KO) sheep. Electroporation of dual-guide CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes targeting was performed 6 h post-fertilization in sheep zygotes.

A deoxyfluoroalkylation-aromatization strategy to access fluoroalkyl arenes.

Fluoroalkyl arenes (Ar-R) are valuable substructures present in several FDA-approved drugs, patents, agrochemicals, and materials, and complementary strategies that enable access to a broad spectrum of Ar-R compounds benefit these applied fields. Herein, we report a deoxyfluoroalkylation-aromatization strategy to convert cyclohexanones into broad-spectrum Ar-R containing compounds. Generally, the fluoroalkyl sources were activated to participate in a 1,2-addition reaction followed by aromatization in a sequence that contrasts more common preparations of these Ar-R compounds, such as (i) transition-metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl electrophiles and nucleophiles, and (ii) radical fluoroalkylation reactions of C-H bonds of arenes.

Uncovering the boundary conditions of the association between concerns about falling and physical activity in adult populations: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Despite evidence of variation in how concerns about falling influence physical activity, many of the currently available knowledge syntheses merely assume that this relation is uniform across populations and contexts. Therefore, we propose a scoping review protocol to guide a summary of the bodywork that has examined the association between concerns about falling and physical activity in adult populations, with an eye on the availability of empirical evidence of moderation.

Methods And Analyses: Studies reporting on both the concepts of concerns about falling and physical activity among samples with a mean age≥18 years will be included.

Secondary bile acid derivatives are contributors to the fecal bile acid pool and associated with bile acid modulating nutrients.

Objective: Accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids is linked with cancer development. However, derivatives of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) produced via bacterial metabolism may mitigate the proinflammatory and cytotoxic effects of hydrophobic bile acids. The impact of diet on secondary bile acid (BA) derivative production has not been determined.

Nanoscale Magnetic Ordering Dynamics in a High Curie Temperature Ferromagnet.

Thermally driven transitions between ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases are characterized by critical behavior with divergent susceptibilities, long-range correlations, and spin dynamics that can span kHz to GHz scales as the material approaches the critical temperature , but it has proven technically challenging to probe the relevant length and time scales with most conventional measurement techniques. In this study, we employ scanning nitrogen-vacancy center based magnetometry and relaxometry to reveal the critical behavior of a high- ferromagnetic oxide near its Curie temperature. Cluster analysis of the measured temperature-dependent nanoscale magnetic textures points to a 3D universality class with a correlation length that diverges near .

Discrimination and racial socialization profiles: Associations with Asian American adolescent attachment, activism, and self-esteem.

Theory and research suggest that racial discrimination is associated with attachment insecurity (Stern et al., 2022), whereas racial socialization is an integral aspect to fostering secure attachment with parents (Coard, 2022; Dunbar, Lozada, et al., 2022).

Drug Property Optimization: Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Novel Pharmaceutical Salts and Cocrystal-Salt of Lumefantrine.

Lumefantrine (LMF) is a low-solubility antimalarial drug that cures acute, uncomplicated malaria. It exerts its pharmacological effects against erythrocytic stages of spp. and prevents malaria pathogens from producing nucleic acid and protein, thereby eliminating the parasites.

Classifying synoptic patterns driving tornadic storms and associated spatial trends in the United States.

Severe convective storms and tornadoes rank among nature's most hazardous phenomena, inflicting significant property damage and casualties. Near-surface weather conditions are closely governed by large-scale synoptic patterns. It is crucial to delve into the involved multiscale associations to understand tornado potential in response to climate change.

Individual and Familial Risk and Promotive Factors for Substance Use Among Multiracial American Young Adults.

Background: Multiracial American adults have the highest rates of binge drinking and illicit drug use of all racial groups, yet little is known about the risk and promotive factors that contribute to their substance use.

Objectives: This study examines how individual factors (i.e.

Phenotypic antibiotic resistance prediction using antibiotic resistance genes and machine learning models in Mannheimia haemolytica.

Mannheimia haemolytica is one of the most common causative agents of bovine respiratory disease (BRD); however, antibiotic resistance in this species is increasing, making treatment more difficult. Integrative-conjugative elements (ICE), a subset of mobile genetic elements (MGE), encoding up to 100 genes have been reported in Mannheimia haemolytica genomes to confer multidrug resistance, including resistance to antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of BRD. However, the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) does not always agree with phenotypic resistance.

Limosilactobacillus reuteri fermented brown rice alleviates anxiety improves cognition and modulates gut microbiota in stressed mice.

Chronic stress disrupts gut microbiota homeostasis, contributing to anxiety and depression. This study explored the effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri fermented brown rice (FBR) on anxiety using an ICR mouse chronic mild stress (CMS) model. Anxiety was assessed through body weight, corticosterone levels, neurotransmitter profiles, and behavioral tests.

Robust Bayesian graphical regression models for assessing tumor heterogeneity in proteomic networks.

Graphical models are powerful tools to investigate complex dependency structures in high-throughput datasets. However, most existing graphical models make one of two canonical assumptions: (i) a homogeneous graph with a common network for all subjects or (ii) an assumption of normality, especially in the context of Gaussian graphical models. Both assumptions are restrictive and can fail to hold in certain applications such as proteomic networks in cancer.

Genetic parameters and genome-wide association studies including the X chromosome for various reproduction and semen quality traits in Nellore cattle.

Background: The profitability of the beef industry is directly influenced by the fertility rate and reproductive performance of both males and females, which can be improved through selective breeding. When performing genomic analyses, genetic markers located on the X chromosome have been commonly ignored despite the X chromosome being one of the largest chromosomes in the cattle genome. Therefore, the primary objectives of this study were to: (1) estimate variance components and genetic parameters for eighteen male and five female fertility and reproductive traits in Nellore cattle including X chromosome markers in the analyses; and (2) perform genome-wide association studies and functional genomic analyses to better understand the genetic background of male and female fertility and reproductive performance traits in Nellore cattle.

In silico characterization of defense system hotspots in Acinetobacter spp.

The bacteria-phage arm race drives the evolution of diverse bacterial defenses. This study identifies and characterizes the defense hotspots in Acinetobacter baumannii using a reference-free approach. Among 4383 high-quality genomes, we found a total of 17,430 phage defense systems and with 54.

Gut microbes modulate the effects of the flavonoid quercetin on atherosclerosis.

Gut bacterial metabolism of dietary flavonoids results in the production of a variety of phenolic acids, whose contributions to health remain poorly understood. Here, we show that supplementation with the commonly consumed flavonoid quercetin impacted gut microbiome composition and resulted in a significant reduction in atherosclerosis burden in conventionally raised (ConvR) Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout (KO) mice but not in germ-free (GF) ApoE KO mice. Metabolomic analysis revealed that consumption of quercetin significantly increased plasma levels of benzoylglutamic acid, 3,4 dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA) and its sulfate-conjugated form in ConvR mice, but not in GF mice supplemented with the flavonoid.

Click Hydrogels to Assess Stiffness-Induced Activation of Pancreatic Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Its Impact on Cancer Cell Spreading.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is marked by significant desmoplastic reactions, or the accumulation of excessive extracellular matrices. PDAC stroma has abnormally high stiffness, which alters cancer cell behaviors and creates a barrier for effective drug delivery. Unfortunately, clinical trials using a combination of chemotherapy and matrix-degrading enzyme have led to disappointing results, as the degradation of stromal tissue likely accelerated the dissemination of cancer cells.

Chemically defined and dynamic click hydrogels support hair cell differentiation in human inner ear organoids.

The mechanical properties in the inner ear microenvironment play a key role in its patterning during embryonic development. To recapitulate inner ear development in vitro, three-dimensional tissue engineering strategies including the application of representative tissue models and scaffolds are of increasing interest. Human inner ear organoids are a promising model to recapitulate developmental processes; however, the current protocol requires Matrigel that contains ill-defined extracellular matrix components.

Saccades and Blinks Index Cognitive Demand During Auditory Noncanonical Sentence Comprehension.

Noncanonical sentence structures pose comprehension challenges because they require increased cognitive demand. Prosody may partially alleviate this cognitive load. These findings largely stem from behavioral studies, yet physiological measures may reveal additional insights into how cognition is deployed to parse sentences.

Impact of On-Road U.S. Vehicle Electrification and Lightweighting on Critical Materials Demand.

The electrification of the transport sector is crucial for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the reliance on fossil fuels. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) depend on critical materials (CMs) for their batteries and electronic components, yet their widespread adoption may face constraints due to the limited availability of CMs. This study assesses the implications of vehicle electrification and lightweighting (material substitution) on the U.

Chemical characterization of polymer and chloride content in waste plastic materials using pyrolysis - direct analysis in real time - high-resolution mass spectrometry.

The increasing global demand for plastic has raised the need for effective waste plastic management due to its long lifetime and resistance to environmental degradation. There is a need for rapid plastic identification to improve the mechanical waste plastic sorting process. This study presents a novel application of Temperature-Programmed Desorption-Direct Analysis in Real Time-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (TPD-DART-HRMS) that enables rapid characterization of various plastics.