Single cell derived multicellular meristem: insights into male-to-hermaphrodite conversion and de novo meristem formation in ceratopteris.

Land plants alternate between asexual sporophytes and sexual gametophytes. Unlike seed plants, ferns develop free-living gametophytes. Gametophytes of the model fern Ceratopteris exhibit two sex types: hermaphrodites with pluripotent meristems and males lacking meristems.

The Impact of Storage Conditions on Stool Smellprints as Assessed by an Electronic Nose.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), odoriferous compounds released as a byproduct of bacterial metabolism, can be used as a proxy for gut health. We hypothesized that patients with NEC would have different microbial profiles and elicit different VOC signatures as assessed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or an electronic nose compared to controls.

Spatiotemporal Mapping of Ultrafine Particle Fluxes in an Office HVAC System with a Diffusion Charger Sensor Array.

Commercial HVAC systems intended to mitigate indoor air pollution are operated based on standards that exclude aerosols with smaller diameters, such as ultrafine particles (UFPs, D ≤ 100 nm), which dominate a large proportion of indoor and outdoor number-based particle size distributions. UFPs generated from occupant activities or infiltrating from the outdoors can be recirculated and accumulate indoors when they are not successfully filtered by an air handling unit. Monitoring UFPs in real occupied environments is vital to understanding these source and mitigation dynamics, but capturing their rapid transience across multiple locations can be challenging due to high-cost instrumentation.

Evaluation of Probiotic Effects on the Growth Performance and Microbiome of Nile Tilapia () in a High-Density Biofloc System.

Biofloc technology is an aquaculture production system that has gained popularity with tilapia production. Probiotics provide benefits for the host and/or aquatic environments by both regulating and modulating microbial communities and their metabolites. When a probiotic feed is combined with a biofloc system, the production amount may be improved through better fish growth, disease resistance, and/or improved water quality by reducing organic matter and stabilizing metrics such as pH and components of the nitrogen cycle.

Unguarded liabilities: complex amino acid dependence exposes unique avenues of inhibition.

Recent reports from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention approximate 500,000 cases of Lyme disease in the United States yearly, a significant economic burden on the healthcare system. The standard treatment for Lyme disease includes broad-spectrum antibiotics, which may be administered for extensive periods of time and result in significant impacts to the patient. Recently, we demonstrated that , the causative agent of Lyme disease, is uniquely dependent upon peptide acquisition via an oligopeptide transport (Opp) system.

Language about gender/sex should be used intentionally and flexibly.

In their paper, 'Conceptualizing transgender experiences in psychology: Do we have a 'true' gender?' Jackson and Bussey (British Journal of Psychology, 115, 723) critique the idea of having a 'true' gender and propose that the term 'transgender experience' may be more appropriate than 'transgender identity'. In this commentary, I reflect on the usefulness of the terms transgender identity and transgender experience and argue that both hold value and can contribute to a more nuanced discussion of gender/sex. I use the discussion of these two terms as a springboard to make a broader point: As researchers, we should use language about gender/sex flexibly and intentionally.

Altering Lipid A Precursor Ion Types in the Gas Phase for In-Depth Structural Elucidation via Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Lipid A, a well-known saccharolipid, acts as the inner lipid-glycan anchor of lipopolysaccharides in Gram-negative bacterial cell membranes and functions as an endotoxin. Its structure is composed of two glucosamines with β(1 → 6) linkages and various fatty acyl and phosphate groups. The lipid A structure can be used for the identification of bacterial species, but its complexity poses significant structural characterization challenges.

Resting beat-to-beat blood pressure variability in humans: role of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors.

Purpose: Resting beat-to-beat blood pressure variability is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality. However, its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Given that the sympathetic nervous system plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular regulation, we hypothesized that alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (the main sympathetic receptor controlling peripheral vasoconstriction) may contribute to resting beat-to-beat blood pressure variability.

Comparison of Methods of Eliciting Vital Capacity: Forced Versus Slow Vital Capacity.

Background: Methods to elicit the vital capacity (VC) include forced vital capacity (FVC) and slow vital capacity (SVC). Because the FVC maneuver can be affected by air trapping or inefficiencies in lung emptying vs. the SVC, the SVC-FVC difference may be substantial and diagnostically meaningful in elderly individuals and patients with respiratory obstruction.

Long-Range Charge Transport Facilitated by Electron Delocalization in MoS and Carbon Nanotube Heterostructures.

Controlling charge transport at the interfaces of nanostructures is crucial for their successful use in optoelectronic and solar energy applications. Mixed-dimensional heterostructures based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have demonstrated exceptionally long-lived charge-separated states. However, the factors that control the charge transport at these interfaces remain unclear.

N-acetyl-L-cysteine and lauric acid; effective antioxidant and antimicrobial feed additives for juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultured at high stocking density.

Present study aimed at improving the immune and antioxidant response of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultured at high stocking density fed with 0.2% supplementation of lauric acid (LA) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Shrimp (initial average weight = 0.

Effective repulsive interaction between Janus polymer-grafted nanoparticles adhering to lipid vesicles.

The adhesion of nanoparticles to lipid vesicles causes curvature deformations to the membrane to an extent determined by the competition between the adhesive interaction and the membrane's elasticity. These deformations can extend over length scales larger than the size of a nanoparticle, leading to an effective membrane-curvature-mediated interaction between nanoparticles. Nanoparticles with uniform surfaces tend to aggregate into unidimensionally close-packed clusters at moderate adhesion strengths and endocytose at high adhesion strengths.

Light-dark shift promotes colon carcinogenesis through accelerated colon aging.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, with rising prevalence among younger adults. Several lifestyle factors, particularly disruptions in circadian rhythms by light-dark (LD) shifts, are known to increase CRC risk. Epidemiological studies previously showed LD-shifts are associated with increased risk of CRC.

From synthesis to application: a review of BaZrS chalcogenide perovskites.

Chalcogenide perovskites are gaining prominence as earth-abundant and non-toxic solar absorber materials, crystallizing in a distorted perovskite structure. Among these, BaZrS has attracted the most attention due to its optimal bandgap and its ability to be synthesized at relatively low temperatures. BaZrS exhibits a high light absorption coefficient, excellent stability under exposure to air, moisture, and heat, and is composed of earth-abundant elements.

"We Don't Get Drugs Targeted for Us:" Applying the Integrated Behavioral Model to Understand Why Black Women Chose to Participate in a Breast Cancer Clinical Trial.

Guided by the integrated behavioral model, the authors interviewed 14 Black breast cancer survivors ( = 14) who had participated in a breast cancer clinical trial. This study aimed to better understand what may motivate Black women to engage in medical research and decide to participate in medical research. Findings revealed that Black women's altruistic desires to serve others and their communities are greatly influenced by the need to leave a "legacy" of better treatment for other Black women.

Verdazyl radical polymers for advanced organic spintronics.

Spin currents have long been suggested as a potential solution to addressing circuit miniaturization challenges in the semiconductor industry. While many semiconducting materials have been extensively explored for spintronic applications, issues regarding device performance, materials stability, and efficient spin current generation at room temperature persist. Nonconjugated paramagnetic radical polymers offer a unique solution to these challenges.

Hovering hawkmoths exploit unsteady circulation to produce aerodynamic force.

This study employs an integrated approach, combining three-dimensional flow visualization and two-dimensional flow measurement to investigate the underlying unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms of hovering hawkmoths. Using a single vortex ring model, three aerodynamic force components, such as aerodynamic force induced by unsteady circulation, vortex loop size variation and added mass, are estimated within a dimensionless time (normalized by one wing beat cycle) range of 0.418 < < 0.

Parallel genetic adaptation amid a background of changing effective population sizes in divergent yellow perch () populations.

Aquatic ecosystems are highly dynamic environments vulnerable to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. High-economic-value fisheries are one of many ecosystem services affected by these disturbances, and it is critical to accurately characterize the genetic diversity and effective population sizes of valuable fish stocks through time. We used genome-wide data to reconstruct the demographic histories of economically important yellow perch () populations.

Discovery of non-retinoid compounds that suppress the pathogenic effects of misfolded rhodopsin in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa.

Pathogenic mutations that cause rhodopsin misfolding lead to a spectrum of currently untreatable blinding diseases collectively termed retinitis pigmentosa. Small molecules to correct rhodopsin misfolding are therefore urgently needed. In this study, we utilized virtual screening to search for drug-like molecules that bind to the orthosteric site of rod opsin and improve its folding and trafficking.

Efficient Generation of Knock-Out Sheep by Electroporation of CRISPR-Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Complex with Dual-sgRNAs.

In mice, naturally occurring and induced mutations in the suppressor of cytokine signaling-2 () gene are associated with a high growth phenotype characterized by rapid post-weaning weight gain and 30-50% heavier mature body weight. In this work, we demonstrate an electroporation-based method of producing knock-out (KO) sheep. Electroporation of dual-guide CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes targeting was performed 6 h post-fertilization in sheep zygotes.

A deoxyfluoroalkylation-aromatization strategy to access fluoroalkyl arenes.

Fluoroalkyl arenes (Ar-R) are valuable substructures present in several FDA-approved drugs, patents, agrochemicals, and materials, and complementary strategies that enable access to a broad spectrum of Ar-R compounds benefit these applied fields. Herein, we report a deoxyfluoroalkylation-aromatization strategy to convert cyclohexanones into broad-spectrum Ar-R containing compounds. Generally, the fluoroalkyl sources were activated to participate in a 1,2-addition reaction followed by aromatization in a sequence that contrasts more common preparations of these Ar-R compounds, such as (i) transition-metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl electrophiles and nucleophiles, and (ii) radical fluoroalkylation reactions of C-H bonds of arenes.

Uncovering the boundary conditions of the association between concerns about falling and physical activity in adult populations: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Despite evidence of variation in how concerns about falling influence physical activity, many of the currently available knowledge syntheses merely assume that this relation is uniform across populations and contexts. Therefore, we propose a scoping review protocol to guide a summary of the bodywork that has examined the association between concerns about falling and physical activity in adult populations, with an eye on the availability of empirical evidence of moderation.

Methods And Analyses: Studies reporting on both the concepts of concerns about falling and physical activity among samples with a mean age≥18 years will be included.

Secondary bile acid derivatives are contributors to the fecal bile acid pool and associated with bile acid modulating nutrients.

Objective: Accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids is linked with cancer development. However, derivatives of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) produced via bacterial metabolism may mitigate the proinflammatory and cytotoxic effects of hydrophobic bile acids. The impact of diet on secondary bile acid (BA) derivative production has not been determined.

Nanoscale Magnetic Ordering Dynamics in a High Curie Temperature Ferromagnet.

Thermally driven transitions between ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases are characterized by critical behavior with divergent susceptibilities, long-range correlations, and spin dynamics that can span kHz to GHz scales as the material approaches the critical temperature , but it has proven technically challenging to probe the relevant length and time scales with most conventional measurement techniques. In this study, we employ scanning nitrogen-vacancy center based magnetometry and relaxometry to reveal the critical behavior of a high- ferromagnetic oxide near its Curie temperature. Cluster analysis of the measured temperature-dependent nanoscale magnetic textures points to a 3D universality class with a correlation length that diverges near .

Discrimination and racial socialization profiles: Associations with Asian American adolescent attachment, activism, and self-esteem.

Theory and research suggest that racial discrimination is associated with attachment insecurity (Stern et al., 2022), whereas racial socialization is an integral aspect to fostering secure attachment with parents (Coard, 2022; Dunbar, Lozada, et al., 2022).