Sub-micrometer scale synchrotron x-ray fluorescence measurements of trace elements in teeth compared with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Background: Elemental analysis of teeth allows for exposure assessment during critical windows of development and is increasingly used to link early life exposures and health. The measurement of inorganic elements in teeth is challenging; laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is the most widely used technique.

Objective: Both synchrotron x-ray fluorescence (SXRF) and LA-ICP-MS have the capability to measure elemental distributions in teeth with each having distinct advantages and disadvantages.

Spatiotemporal glacier retreat on the Tibetan Plateau since the LGM to early holocene based on compilation of moraine boulder ages.

Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding mountains (TPSM) have experienced prominent glacier retreat since the Global Last Glacial Maximum, while the detailed deglaciation process remains unclear. To investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of the glacier retreat history, we compiled 196 moraines dating from 26.5 to 10 ka based on 994 boulder Be exposure age from seven regions on the TPSM and calculated the separated component Gaussians of moraine ages.

An evaporite sequence from ancient brine recorded in Bennu samples.

Evaporation or freezing of water-rich fluids with dilute concentrations of dissolved salts can produce brines, as observed in closed basins on Earth and detected by remote sensing on icy bodies in the outer Solar System. The mineralogical evolution of these brines is well understood in regard to terrestrial environments, but poorly constrained for extraterrestrial systems owing to a lack of direct sampling. Here we report the occurrence of salt minerals in samples of the asteroid (101955) Bennu returned by the OSIRIS-REx mission.

Age bias in changes in finger dexterity based on brain activation and spinal motor nerve excitability induced by motor imagery practice.

Elderly adults may have poorer recall ability than young adults and may not fully enjoy the effects of motor imagery. To understand the age bias of the effect of motor imagery on hand dexterity, we evaluated brain activation and spinal motor nerve excitability. Brain activation was evaluated from changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration, while spinal motor nerve excitability was evaluated from F-waves in eight young (mean age 21.

Comparison between Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria and protein-energy wasting in patients with kidney failure undergoing peritoneal dialysis.

Background: Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is the chronic kidney disease (CKD)-specific diagnosis encompassing malnutrition. PEW is associated with adverse outcomes, including those receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). Identifying PEW requires accurate methods to improve diagnosis.

Effect of lemborexant on sleep architecture in participants with insomnia disorder and mild obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective/background: Comorbid insomnia with obstructive sleep apnea (COMISA) is associated with worse daytime function and more medical/psychiatric comorbidities vs either condition alone. COMISA may negatively impact sleep duration and reduce rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, thereby impairing cognition. These post-hoc analyses evaluated the effect of lemborexant (LEM), a dual-orexin-receptor antagonist approved for adults with insomnia, on sleep architecture in participants with COMISA.

Characterization of motor nerve stimulation using sinusoidal low frequency alternating currents and cuff electrodes.

Objective: Direct electrical neurostimulation using continuous sinusoidal low frequency alternating currents (LFAC) is an emerging modality for neuromodulation. As opposed to the traditional rectangular pulse stimulation, there is limited background on the characteristics of peripheral nerves responses to sinusoidal LFAC stimulation; especially within the low frequency range (<50Hz). In this study, we demonstrate LFAC activation as a means to activate motor nerves by direct bipolar nerve stimulation via cuff electrodes, and characterize the factors of activation.

Proteomic Analysis of Unicellular Cyanobacterium ATCC 51142 under Extended Light or Dark Growth.

The daily light-dark cycle is a recurrent and predictable environmental phenomenon to which many organisms, including cyanobacteria, have evolved to adapt. Understanding how cyanobacteria alter their metabolic attributes in response to subjective light or dark growth may provide key features for developing strains with improved photosynthetic efficiency and applications in enhanced carbon sequestration and renewable energy. Here, we undertook a label-free proteomic approach to investigate the effect of extended light (LL) or extended dark (DD) conditions on the unicellular cyanobacterium ATCC 51142.

Three-Body Recombination of Ultracold Microwave-Shielded Polar Molecules.

A combined experimental and theoretical study is carried out on the three-body recombination process in a gas of microwave-shielded polar molecules. For ground-state polar molecules dressed with a strong microwave field, field-linked bound states can appear in the intermolecular potential. We model three-body recombination into such bound states using classical trajectory calculations.

Multimodal Study of Murine Cardiovascular Remodeling: Four-Dimensional Ultrasound and Mass Spectrometry Imaging.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Damage in the cardiovascular system can be due to environmental exposure, trauma, drug toxicity, or numerous other factors. As a result, cardiac tissue and vasculature undergo structural changes and display diminished function.

Prepartum skeletal muscle reserves and branched-chain volatile fatty acid supplementation have minimal effects in response to intravenous glucose tolerance tests in periparturient dairy cattle.

Periparturient dairy cows experience metabolic adaptations to prepare for increased nutrient requirements of the fetus and the onset of lactation. Adaptations include increased peripheral tissue insulin resistance, which can be evaluated experimentally using intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT). The objective of this study was to determine if prepartum skeletal muscle reserves and supplementation of branched-chain volatile fatty acids (BCVFA) in the prepartum period affected blood glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and insulin concentrations 2 wk prepartum and 1 wk postpartum utilizing an IVGTT.

Stem cell status and prognostic applications of cuproptosis-associated lncRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia.

Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a highly heterogeneous hematological malignancy, remains a major challenge in adult oncology. Stem cell research has highlighted the crucial role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in regulating cellular differentiation and self-renewal processes, which are pivotal in AML pathogenesis and therapy resistance.

Methods: This study explores the relationship between cuproptosis-related lncRNAs and AML prognosis, providing novel insights into their impact on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

Leveraging Model Master Files for Long-Acting Injectables.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Center for Research on Complex Generics (CRCG) hosted a public workshop on May 2-3, 2024, titled "Considerations and Potential Regulatory Applications for a Model Master File (Lachaine et al Can J Psychiatry.

Cell-Instructive Biomaterials with Native-Like Biochemical Complexity.

Biochemical signals in native tissue microenvironments instruct cell behavior during many biological processes ranging from developmental morphogenesis and tissue regeneration to tumor metastasis and disease progression. The detection and characterization of these signals using spatial and highly resolved quantitative methods have revealed their existence as matricellular proteins in the matrisome, some of which are bound to the extracellular matrix while others are freely diffusing. Including these biochemical signals in engineered biomaterials can impart enhanced functionality and native-like complexity, ultimately benefiting efforts to understand, model, and treat various diseases.

Ultra-low to Moderate Radiation Level Neutron Dosimetry Measurements with H*10-TMFD vs. ROSPEC, Eberline, and Ludlum Detector Systems.

H*10 neutron dosimetry (unlike gamma dosimetry), requires consideration of neutron energy spectra due to the 20× variation of the weight factor over the thermal-to-fast energy range, as well as the neutron radiation field dose rates ranging from cosmic, ~.01 μSv h-1 levels to commonly encountered ~10-200 μSv h-1 in nuclear laboratories/processing plants, and upwards of 104 Sv h-1 in nuclear reactor environments. This paper discusses the outcome of the comparison of spectrum-weighted neutron dosimetry covering thermal-to-fast energy using the novel H*-TMFD spectroscopy-enabled sensor system in comparison with measurements using state-of-the-art neutron dosimetry systems at SRNS-Rotating Spectrometer (ROSPEC), and non-spectroscopic Eberline ASP2E ("Eberline") and Ludlum 42-49B ("Ludlum") survey instrumentation.

Bioelectricity is a universal multifaced signaling cue in living organisms.

The cellular electrical signals of living organisms were discovered more than a century ago and have been extensively investigated in the neuromuscular system. Neuronal depolarization and hyperpolarization are essential for our neuromuscular physiological and pathological functions. Bioelectricity is being recognized as an ancient, intrinsic, fundamental property of all living cells, and it is not limited to the neuromuscular system.

Measurement of multidifferential cross sections for dijet production in proton-proton collisions at .

A measurement of the dijet production cross section is reported based on proton-proton collision data collected in 2016 at by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 36.3 . Jets are reconstructed with the anti- algorithm for distance parameters of and 0.

The tuna keel is a mechanosensory structure.

Tunas are high-performance pelagic fishes of considerable economic importance and have a suite of biological adaptations for high-speed locomotion. In contrast to our understanding of tuna body and muscle function, mechanosensory systems of tuna are poorly understood. Here we present the discovery of a remarkable sensory lateral line canal within the bilateral tuna keels with tubules that extend to the upper and lower keel surfaces.

Intergenerational mobility, race, and allostatic load: Diminished health returns for Black older adults?

Although socioeconomic status is salient for health and well-being across the life course, previous research indicates that the social gradient in health is racialized and that Black adults experience diminishing health returns on higher socioeconomic status. We extend this literature by examining whether there are diminishing physiological health returns on intergenerational mobility groups for Black adults and, if so, whether diminishing health returns vary across age. We use six waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 11,846) and mixed effects models; and average marginal effects are used to interpret the race by intergenerational mobility interaction.

Skin tone and academic readiness among young Mexican-origin children: Testing the moderating role of ethnic-racial identity attitudes and centrality.

Skin tone-based social stratification is an enduring part of the U.S. racial landscape.

Increasing cellular NAD protects hepatocytes against palmitate-induced lipotoxicity by preventing PARP-1 inhibition and the mTORC1-p300 pathway activation.

Hepatic lipotoxicity, resulting from excessive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of various metabolic liver diseases. Despite recent progress, the precise mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Employing excessive exposure to palmitate in hepatocytes as our primary experimental model and mice studies, we aimed to uncover the mechanisms behind hepatic lipotoxicity, thereby developing potential treatments.

Impact of cariprazine on body weight and blood pressure among adults with bipolar I disorder, schizophrenia, or major depressive disorder in a real-world setting.

Background: Atypical antipsychotics are a common treatment for serious mental illness, but many are associated with adverse effects, including weight gain and cardiovascular issues, and real-world experience may differ from clinical trial data. Cariprazine has previously demonstrated a favorable safety and tolerability profile in clinical trials. Here, we evaluated the effects of cariprazine on body weight and blood pressure for bipolar I disorder (BP-I), schizophrenia, or as adjunctive treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) using real-world data.

NIRS-BIDS: Brain Imaging Data Structure Extended to Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an increasingly popular neuroimaging technique that measures cortical hemodynamic activity in a non-invasive and portable fashion. Although the fNIRS community has been successful in disseminating open-source processing tools and a standard file format (SNIRF), reproducible research and sharing of fNIRS data amongst researchers has been hindered by a lack of standards and clarity over how study data should be organized and stored. This problem is not new in neuroimaging, and it became evident years ago with the proliferation of publicly available neuroimaging datasets.

Propidium Monoazide is Unreliable for Quantitative Live-Dead Molecular Assays.

Propidium monoazide (PMA) is a dye that distinguishes between live and dead cells in molecular assays like the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). It works by cross-linking to the DNA of cells that have compromised membranes or extracellular DNA upon photoactivation, making the DNA inaccessible for amplification. Currently, PMA is used to detect viable pathogens and alleviate systemic bias in the microbiome analysis of samples using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Selective pressure of various levels of erythromycin on the development of antibiotic resistance.

This study evaluated microbial fitness under selective pressure of various erythromycin concentrations and the development of resistance genes in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis).