Microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, restrain tissue bacterial load, chronic inflammation, and associated cancer in the colon of mice.

The intestinal immune system is regulated by microbes and their metabolites. The roles of gut microbial metabolites in regulating intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis are incompletely understood. We systematically studied the roles of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their receptors (GPR43 or GPR41) in regulating tissue bacterial load, acute versus chronic inflammatory responses, and intestinal cancer development.

Pharmacology of a new cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor, V11294.

V11294 is a new cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitor of the rolipram class. In this report we present the pharmacological profile of V11294. V11294 inhibited PDE4 isolated from human lung with IC(50) 405 nM, compared to 3700 nM for rolipram.

Peak fronting in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography: a study of the chromatographic behavior of oxycodone hydrochloride.

Severe peak asymmetry--fronting--was observed for oxycodone during elution at 30 degrees C from a C18 HPLC column using a mobile phase consisting of 14.9% MeOH, 84.5% 0.

Determination of codeine in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

A rapid, reliable and rugged assay for determining codeine in human plasma using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection was developed. This analytical method utilized an ion-exchange/mixed-mode solid-phase extraction procedure. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a 150 x 4.