A Rare Case of Wolfram Syndrome Presenting With Tuberculous Meningitis: A Case Report.

Wolfram syndrome is an extremely rare condition composed of a tetrad of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness. When concurrently presenting with another condition, such as tuberculous meningitis, the widespread range of resulting symptoms delays the establishment of diagnosis and treatment, which results in increased patient morbidity.

The Impact of the Foveal Bulge on Visual Acuity in Resolved Diabetic Macular Edema and Retinal Vein Occlusions.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of foveal bulge presence on visual acuity (VA) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Methods: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans were conducted on 22 DME patients and 20 RVO patients. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was employed to analyze the association between VA and the presence of the foveal bulge, as well as factors such as sex, age, central foveal thickness, various line scans of the fovea, and the external limiting membrane (ELM).

Sex disparities and trends in stroke incidence, prevalence, and mortality in the US and worldwide: Findings from the global burden of disease, 1990-2021.

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death/disability, with notable differences in incidence, prevalence, and mortality observed. Despite advancement in stroke research, notable gaps persist in understanding the overall trend and sex-specific disparities in stroke burden over the past three decades, both in the United States of America (USA) and globally.

Aims: This observational-study aims to investigate evolving trends and sex-specific disparities in the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of stroke in the USA and globally from 1990 to 2021.

Systematic review of the association between thyroid disorders and hyperprolactinemia.

Introduction: Thyroid disease (TD), particularly hypothyroidism, is an important etiology of hyperprolactinemia (HPRL). We conducted a systematic review of the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of adults (> 18 years) with this clinical association.

Materials And Methods: We searched PUBMED, SCOPUS, and EMBASE to find eligible articles published in English from any date till 15th December 2022.

Congenital Insensitivity to Pain and Anhidrosis With Orthopedic and Self-Injury Complications in a 5-Year-Old Boy: A Case Report.

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder because of NTRK1 gene mutations, leading to an inability to perceive pain and temperature and lack of sweating. Its rarity and unique clinical challenges, such as severe injuries from the inability to sense pain, make reporting cases critical. A 5-year-old boy, the third child of consanguineous parents, was referred for a fractured femur.

Direct and Gradual Electrical Testicular Shocks Stimulate Spermatogenesis and Activate Sperms in Infertile Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Infertility was reported in approximately 15% of all heterozygous couples, with the male factor accounting for nearly half of the cases. This typically occurs due to low sperm production, sperm dysfunction, and sperm delivery obstruction. In this randomized controlled single-blind clinical trial, 90 infertile male subjects diagnosed with oligospermia, hypospermia, asthenozoospermia, or necrozoospermia were recruited.

A Case of Recurrent Pemphigus Foliaceus Following Noncompliance to Medication.

Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is a rare autoimmune blistering disorder requiring consistent immunosuppressive therapy for management. A 66-year-old male with a history of PF presented with worsening blisters and erosions after discontinuing medication. The patient had flaccid bullae and erosions on the face, scalp, chest, and back.

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Warfarin in Atrial Fibrillation Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), with superior efficacy and safety, have emerged as a promising alternative to warfarin. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of DOACs and warfarin in patients with AF and chronic liver disease (CLD).

Identification and Epidemiological Analysis of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in the Oral Microbiome of the Population in Pakistan.

Background Antibiotic resistance in the oral microbiome poses serious health risks worldwide, particularly in developing countries like Pakistan. Public health efforts are challenged by the potential of the oral cavity to serve as a reservoir for resistant bacteria due to its frequent exposure to antibiotics. Objective This study aimed to identify and analyze the prevalence and epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant bacteria within the oral microbiome of the Pakistani population.

The Impact of Diet on Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with complex etiology. Emerging evidence suggests that diet may play a role in PD risk, progression, and symptom management. However, the relationship between dietary factors and PD remains poorly understood.

Vitamin D's Role in Cardiovascular Diseases.

This article explores the correlation between vitamin D levels and cardiovascular health, focusing on hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cardiac dysfunction. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) rank as the leading global cause of death, underscoring the significance of exploring vitamin D's potential role in maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system. It discusses vitamin D's mechanisms of action, including genomic and non-genomic pathways, and explores risk factors like smoking, obesity, and hypertension, linked to vitamin D deficiency.

Assessment of Respiratory Health Implications of Vaping: A Systematic Review of Toxicity Mechanisms and Adverse Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems.

E-cigarettes are thought to aid in tobacco smoking cessation, but there are concerns about their overall effectiveness and safety for the general population, particularly adults. This review aims to investigate the mechanisms of toxicity and adverse effects of e-cigarettes on the respiratory system, comparing these effects with those of conventional smoking. A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Efficacy of Metformin-Cabergoline Compared to Metformin Monotherapy for Management of PCOS With Hyperprolactinemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Metformin plays a major part in the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome .Trials are being conducted to compare the effectiveness of combination of metformin with cabergoline in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia and polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of metformin monotherapy and combination therapy with cabergoline versus metformin for the management of polycystic ovarian syndrome with hyperprolactinemia.

Effects of intermittent fasting and caloric restriction on inflammatory biomarkers in individuals with obesity/overweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Introduction: Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation. This study presents an updated systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of caloric restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF) on plasma inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein [CRP], tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha, and interleukin [IL]-6) in individuals with obesity/overweight compared with unrestricted or ad libitum feeding.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting inflammatory biomarkers after at least 8 weeks of intervention.

Targeted Temperature Management for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors.

Targeted temperature management (TTM), specifically therapeutic hypothermia, has been proposed to provide neuroprotective and mortality benefits for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors. This proposition was based on small-scale trials from the early 2000s, leading to its incorporation into various international guidelines. The proposed neuroprotective mechanisms include reducing cerebral metabolic rate, stabilizing the blood-brain barrier, reducing the release of excitatory neurotransmitters, and suppressing apoptotic pathways.

Temporal trends and regional variations in mortality related to Guillain-Barré syndrome in the United States: a retrospective study from 1999 to 2020.

Aim: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune neurological disorder, with an estimated 6.4% increase in cases worldwide from 1990 to 2019. We aim to identify the GBS-related mortality trends in the US stratified by age, sex, race, and region.