Relative Factors Analysis of the Occurrence and Location of Intratracheal Granuloma Following Tracheotomy.

Aim: Tracheotomy has become more prevalent in clinical settings, and effectively managing postoperative complications plays a crucial role in determining patient outcomes. However, there is a scarcity of clinical research focusing on the development of intratracheal granuloma after tracheotomy, and there is insufficient theoretical support for early detection in clinical settings. This study investigates the relationship between clinical factors and the occurrence and location of intratracheal granuloma.

Toripalimab plus chemotherapy for first line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (CHOICE-01): final OS and biomarker exploration of a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial.

A randomized double-blind phase 3 trial (CHOICE-01, NCT03856411) demonstrated that combining toripalimab with chemotherapy substantially improves progression-free survival (PFS) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients without pretreatment. This study presents the prespecified final analysis of overall survival (OS) and biomarkers utilizing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and tissue-based sequencing. Additionally, the analysis revealed a higher median overall survival (OS, 23.

Progress and Gaps in Respiratory Disease Research and Treatment: Highlights of the IRM 2024 in Shanghai.

Respiratory diseases pose a major public health challenge globally, necessitating collaborative efforts between basic researchers and clinicians for effective solutions. China, which is heavily impacted by a broad spectrum of respiratory disorders, has made notable strides in both research and clinical management of these diseases. The International Respiratory Medicine (IRM) meeting was organized with the primary goal of facilitating the exchange of recent research developments and promoting collaboration between Chinese and American scientists in both basic and clinical research fields.

Baicalein tethers CD274/PD-L1 for autophagic degradation to boost antitumor immunity.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, especially those targeting CD274/PD-L1yield powerful clinical therapeutic efficacy. Thoughmuch progress has been made in the development of antibody-basedCD274 drugs, chemical compounds applied for CD274degradation remain largely unavailable. Herein,baicalein, a monomer of traditional Chinese medicine, isscreened and validated to target CD274 and induces itsmacroautophagic/autophagic degradation.

FL058, a novel β-lactamase inhibitor, increases the anti-Mycobacterium abscessus activity of imipenem.

Background: β-lactams are crucial for anti-Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) therapy. Treating infections is challenging since MABC produces a class A β-lactamase (Bla , which is capable of hydrolyzing β-lactams thus causing drug resistance. Diazabicyclooctane (DBO) β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) can inhibit Bla.

SNAI1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and maintains cancer stem cell-like properties in thymic epithelial tumors through the PIK3R2/p-EphA2 Axis.

Background: Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are infrequent malignancies that arise from the anterior mediastinum. Therapeutic options for TETs, especially thymic carcinoma (TC), remain relatively constrained. This study aims to investigate the oncogenic hub gene and its underlying mechanisms in TETs, as well as to identify potential therapeutic targets.

Diagnostic Efficacy of Ventilation-Perfusion Single Photo Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography for Pulmonary Hypertension due to Fibrinous Mediastinitis.

Rationale And Objectives: Comprehensive data on the use of ventilation-perfusion single-photo emission computed tomography/computed tomography (V/Q SPECT/CT), an established diagnostic tool for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, in identifying pulmonary hypertension secondary to fibrinous mediastinitis (PH-FM) is scarce. This study aimed to assess its diagnostic efficacy for PH-FM.

Materials And Methods: Patients with PH due to pulmonary artery stenosis were assessed using V/Q SPECT/CT, computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), and digital subtraction pulmonary angiography (PAG).

Analysis of tumor treatment under interventional ultrasound through structural and temporal dynamics: a bibliometric visualization.

Background: Ultrasound is considered one of the most crucial tools for image-guided tumor ablation, and provides a vital alternative approach to tumor treatment. This study used bibliometric methods to characterize the development history of tumor treatment under interventional ultrasound and explore future research hotspots.

Methods: In this study, we retrieved and selected publications on tumor treatment under interventional ultrasound from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database published from 1960 to 2023.

Safety of talimogene laherparepvec: a real-world retrospective pharmacovigilance study based on FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Background: Oncolytic virus therapy is a rapidly evolving emerging approach for the medical management of cancer. Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) is the first and only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved oncolytic virus therapy. Considering that exactly how T-VEC works is not known, there is a strong need for a comprehensive pharmacovigilance study to identify safety signals of potential risks with T-VEC.

External validation of the ICU-CARB score to predict carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria carriage in critically ill patients upon ICU admission: a multicenter analysis.

Background: Recognition of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) carriage is frequently delayed, which increases the risk of subsequent infection and transmission. Previously, we developed a scoring system to identify CR-GNB carriage upon intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Although the ICU-CARB score showed satisfactory performance, it has not been externally validated.

Integrating genetic and clinical data to predict lung cancer in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is closely linked to lung cancer (LC) development. The aim of this study is to identify the genetic and clinical risk factors for LC risk in COPD, according to which the prediction model for LC in COPD was constructed.

Methods: This is a case-control study in which patientis with COPD + LC as the case group, patientis with only COPD as the control group, and patientis with only LC as the second control group.

What is the optimal first-line regimen for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Objectives: There are currently various tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-based regimens available, and it can be challenging for clinicians to determine the most effective and safe option due to the lack of direct comparisons between these regimens. In this study, we conducted a network meta-analysis comparing the efficacy and safety of distinct regimens to determine the optimal regimen for patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer, thereby facilitating clinical decision-making.

Materials And Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases and international conference databases were comprehensively searched from their inception to 02 April 2024 for collecting data regarding efficacy and safety from eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Impact of financial support on treatment outcomes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A population-based, retrospective cohort study in Shanghai, China.

Background: To date, the prolonged treatment duration and expensive second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (SLDs) for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) can impose a significant financial burden, which may negatively impact treatment outcomes. This study examines the effect of a subsidy policy on treatment outcomes of MDR-TB patient..

Exploring Shared Targets in Cancer Immunotherapy and Cancer-Induced Bone Pain: Insights from Preclinical Studies.

Cancer casts a profound shadow on global health, with pain emerging as one of the dominant and severe complications, particularly in advanced stages. The effective management of cancer-induced pain remains an unmet need. Emerging preclinical evidence suggests that targets related to tumor immunotherapy may also modulate cancer-related pain pathways, thus offering a promising therapeutic direction.

Identifying Risk Factors Associated With False-Negative Results in US-Guided Percutaneous Transthoracic Needle Lung Biopsy of Subpleural Pulmonary Lesions.

Background: This study aims to investigate the factors influencing false-negative results in ultrasound-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle lung biopsy results (US-PTLB).

Materials And Methods: This ambispective cohort study included patients with subpleural pulmonary lesions who underwent US-PTLB with benign pathological findings between April 2017 and June 2022 (retrospective cohort) and between July 2022 and October 2022 (prospective cohort). In the retrospective cohort, comparative and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for false-negative biopsy results.

Integrative study of lung cancer adeno-to-squamous transition in EGFR TKI resistance identifies RAPGEF3 as a therapeutic target.

Although adeno-to-squamous transition (AST) has been observed in association with resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in clinic, its causality, molecular mechanism and overcoming strategies remain largely unclear. We here demonstrate that squamous transition occurs concomitantly with TKI resistance in PC9-derived xenograft tumors. Perturbation of squamous transition via DNp63 overexpression or knockdown leads to significant changes in TKI responses, indicative of a direct causal link between squamous transition and TKI resistance.

Differences Between Patients with Probable UIP and Definite UIP on HRCT in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Real-World Cohort Study.

Both a probable usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern (p-UIP) and a definite UIP pattern (d-UIP) on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) are sufficient to establish a diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) without the need for a surgical lung biopsy, according to the 2022 IPF guidelines. However, it remains unknown whether patients with p-UIP and d-UIP have similar disease behaviors and clinical courses. We retrospectively collected clinical data of patients with IPF and divided the patients into two groups according to their HRCT patterns: a p-UIP group and a d-UIP group.

First-line treatments for KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: current state and future perspectives.

mutations are common in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are associated with patient prognosis; however, targeting has faced various difficulties. Currently, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and chemoimmunotherapy play pivotal roles in the first-line treatment of -mutated NSCLC. Here, we summarize the current evidence on first-line therapies and compare the treatment outcomes and biomarkers for different regimens.

Major pathologic response predicts survival in resectable stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer after neoadjuvant therapy.

Objectives: Major pathologic response is more common in survival analyses than pathological complete response. Whether major pathologic response can predict survival of patients with resectable stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer and whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy or immunochemotherapy affect the prognosis of patients remains questionable.

Methods: Patients with resectable stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy(≥2 cycles) with/without immunotherapy were enrolled and divided into two groups according to pathological response.

Cis-Regulation of an mA Eraser by an Insertion Variant Associated with Survival of Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma.

N6-methyladenosine (mA) serves as one of the crucial RNA modifications for genes involved in cancer progression. Here, 7273 expression quantitative trait loci potentially regulating 30 m6A pathway genes are identified from the GTEx database, with 69 single nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated with survival of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients (n = 1523) from the ongoing genome-wide association study after false positive probability tests. Notably, the rs151198415 locus, situated in a potential enhancer region, demonstrated a prolonged survival effect with the C>CCACG insertion, which is validated in an independent prospective cohort (n = 237), yielding a pooled hazard ratio of 0.

Cuproptosis and Serine Metabolism Blockade Triggered by Copper-Based Prussian Blue Nanomedicine for Enhanced Tumor Therapy.

Cuproptosis, a newly defined cell death process, represents a novel modality with significant therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. Nevertheless, the modest concentration and transient half-life of copper ions in the bloodstream constrain their efficient delivery into tumor cells. In this study, a copper-based prussian blue nanostructure loaded with serine metabolic inhibitor (NCT-503@Cu-HMPB) is constructed for selectively inducing cuproptosis combined with disrupting serine metabolism.

Feasibility of Sub-milliSievert Low-dose Computed Tomography with Deep Learning Image Reconstruction in Evaluating Pulmonary Subsolid Nodules: A Prospective Intra-individual Comparison Study.

Rationale And Objectives: To comprehensively assess the feasibility of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) using deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) for evaluating pulmonary subsolid nodules, which are challenging due to their susceptibility to noise.

Materials And Methods: Patients undergoing both standard-dose CT (SDCT) and LDCT between March and June 2023 were prospectively enrolled. LDCT images were reconstructed with high-strength DLIR (DLIR-H), medium-strength DLIR (DLIR-M), adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V level 50% (ASIR-V-50%), and filtered back projection (FBP); SDCT with FBP as the reference standard.

A multifunctional bacterial cellulose-based dressing modified by quaternized chitosan and grafted protocatechuic acid for diabetic ulcer.

Herein, we developed a multifunctional bacterial cellulose-based dressing (PHBC) modified by quaternized chitosan (HACC) along with protocatechuic acid (PA), through in situ biosynthesis combined with covalent immobilization. The obtained PHBC dressing maintained the excellent physicochemical characteristics of BC, such as high porosity (above 76 %); high water absorption ratio, >80 % of water absorption rate (approximately 30 g/g) has completed in half an hour; favorable hydrophilicity with contact angle of about 50° and excellent flexibility. The introduction of PA-grafted HACC endows exhibited outstanding antibacterial properties against, anti-inflammatory performance and antioxidant capacity.

BATF2/SINHCAF regulates the quantity and function of macrophages infected with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis via regulation of TTC23 through Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Elucidating the pathogenic mechanism of Tuberculosis (TB) can contribute to control TB. Basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like 2 (BATF2) belonging to a large family of leucine zipper transcription factors (TFs) termed bZip proteins, had been verified to have important value in the diagnosis of TB. However, its role and mechanism in TB had not been elucidated.