Planning for groundwater sustainability accounting for uncertainty and costs: An application to California's Central Valley.

In regions experiencing aquifer depletion, planning for groundwater sustainability requires both accurate accounting of current groundwater budgets and an assessment of future conditions, with changes in recharge and pumping. Hydrologic variability, climate change effects on water flows, changing water infrastructure operations, and inherent uncertainties in modeling, challenge the plans to achieve groundwater sustainability. This paper examines the importance, magnitude, and policy implications of uncertainties in groundwater overdraft estimation for water management in California.

Data on water, sanitation, and hygiene in six select metro cities of India.

The purpose of this data article is to describe the data and provide the methodological notes on the construction of availability, accessibility, and overall Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) performance index using a set of thirteen indicators for six metro cities in India. It also presents the details on survey design and the nature of data collected on WASH indicators in India Human Development Survey for 2004-05 (IHDS-I) and 2011-12 (IHDS-II). The principal component analysis (PCA) procedure was used in the construction of the WASH indices.

Same-Sex Marriage and Gains in Employer-Sponsored Insurance for US Adults, 2008-2017.

To estimate the effects of same-sex marriage recognition on health insurance coverage. We used 2008-2017 data from the American Community Survey that represent 18 416 674 adult respondents in the United States. We estimated changes to health insurance outcomes using state-year variation in marriage equality recognition in a difference-in-differences framework.

Medication Adherence, Health Care Utilization, and Spending Among Privately Insured Adults With Chronic Conditions in the United States, 2010-2016.

Background: Chronic conditions are common and costly for older Americans and for the health system. Adherence to daily maintenance medications may improve patient health and lead to lower health care spending.

Methods: To identify predictors of adherence and to quantify associations with health care utilization and spending among older adults with chronic conditions, we conducted a longitudinal retrospective analysis using the OptumLabs Data Warehouse.

Is unintended birth associated with physical intimate partner violence? Evidence from India.

A growing number of studies have tested the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and the unintendedness of pregnancy or birth, and most have suggested that unintendedness of pregnancy is a cause of IPV. However, about nine in every ten women face violence after delivering their first baby. This study examined the effects of the intendedness of births on physical IPV using data from the National Family Health Survey (2015-16).

Police officer attitudes towards syringe services programming.

Background: As the United States experiences a drug overdose epidemic, syringe services programs (SSPs) have been utilized to reduce rates of infectious disease and improve treatment outcomes for people who inject drugs (PWID). Police officer support of SSPs is crucial to program success. One way to improve officer support and collaboration is to develop officer training presentations about SSP services and procedures as well as information on officers' roles in program implementation.

Family Caregivers Are Members of Our Team.

Nurses play a critical role in providing support.

Integrating Public Health into Climate Change Policy and Planning: State of Practice Update.

Policy action in the coming decade will be crucial to achieving globally agreed upon goals to decarbonize the economy and build resilience to a warmer, more extreme climate. Public health has an essential role in climate planning and action: "Co-benefits" to health help underpin greenhouse gas reduction strategies, while safeguarding health-particularly of the most vulnerable-is a frontline local adaptation goal. Using the structure of the core functions and essential services (CFES), we reviewed the literature documenting the evolution of public health's role in climate change action since the 2009 launch of the US CDC Climate and Health Program.

Implementing Trauma Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (T-SBIRT) within Employment Services: A Feasibility Trial.

Research suggests that low-income adults accessing employment services have experienced high levels of trauma exposure and associated consequences. Moreover, the health-related effects of trauma undermine employment and employability. A trauma-informed protocol-trauma screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment or T-SBIRT-was therefore implemented within employment service programs serving low-income urban residents.

Emergency department-based peer support for opioid use disorder: Emergent functions and forms.

Emergency department (ED)-based peer support programs aimed at linking persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) to medication for addiction treatment and other recovery services are a promising approach to addressing the opioid crisis. This brief report draws on experiences from three states' experience with such programs funded by the SAMHSA Opioid State Targeted Repose (STR) grants. Core functions of such programs include: Integration of peer supports in EDs; Alerting peers of eligible patients and making the patient aware of peer services; and connecting patients with recovery services.

Replication of an emergency department-based recovery coaching intervention and pilot testing of pragmatic trial protocols within the context of Indiana's Opioid State Targeted Response plan.

Solving the opioid crisis requires immediate, innovative, and sustainable solutions. A number of promising strategies are being carried out by U.S.

Applying an environmental public health lens to the industrialization of food animal production in ten low- and middle-income countries.

Background: Industrial food animal production (IFAP) is characterized by dense animal housing, high throughput, specialization, vertical integration, and corporate consolidation. Research in high-income countries has documented impacts on public health, the environment, and animal welfare. IFAP is proliferating in some low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where increased consumption of animal-source foods has occurred alongside rising incomes and efforts to address undernutrition.

Coping amidst an assemblage of disadvantage: A qualitative metasynthesis of first-person accounts of managing severe mental illness while homeless.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Understanding what strategies individuals use to cope with serious mental illness is vital for enhancing their quality of life, mental well-being and recovery, and effective use of services; An episode of homelessness can be a profoundly disruptive event that often leads to chronic stress, social isolation, a negative belief about oneself and restricted access to care, among other adverse experiences; WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: In contrast to existing reviews of qualitative research focusing on escaping homelessness, managing problem substance use and growing resilience, the current review offers an in-depth, interpretive account of coping with serious mental illness during an episode of homelessness; This paper integrates evidence showing the diverse and intricate processes via which homelessness can impede an individual's ability to successfully cope with life stressors and with chronic mental illness; Despite experiencing severe social disadvantage, many individuals demonstrate positive adaptation and coping, and even personal growth; WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: It is important to be aware of the many ways in which coping with serious mental illness can be influenced by adverse environmental factors such as poverty, homelessness, traumatic life experiences and institutional discrimination; Nursing practice should recognize that coping efforts by individuals facing multiple forms of social disadvantage may be shaped by acute adverse life events and institutional interactions, as well as by the stresses and strains of living on the streets; Nursing practice should focus not only on reducing clients' mental illness symptoms and facilitating positive coping behaviours, but also on helping create the conditions that aid clients in leveraging inner resources for personal growth and constructive meaning-making. Abstract Introduction An evidence gap persists concerning the impact of extreme socio-structural disadvantage, such as homelessness, on the nature and effectiveness of coping with severe mental illness (SMI). While existing reviews of qualitative research into homelessness have focused on processes such as escaping homelessness and managing concurrent problem substance use, as well as on the experiences of specific vulnerable groups such as women and youth, no analogical review has been dedicated to understanding the management of SMI during an episode of homelessness.

Paid Family Leave: An Emerging Benefit for Employed Family Caregivers of Older Adults.

As our population ages, the ability to take time off to care for an ill family member or close friend without losing income or a job is a growing social, health, and economic issue for American families. Therefore, the need for paid family leave policies for workers with caregiving responsibilities is an important topic for employers and policymakers, in the clinical care of older adults, and at kitchen tables across the United States. Despite this growing need, paid family leave is not available to most workers, and there is no national paid family leave policy.

Factors Associated With Nonaccidental Trauma Evaluation Among Patients Below 36 Months Old Presenting With Femur Fractures at a Level-1 Pediatric Trauma Center.

Background: In 2009, the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons published clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on the treatment of pediatric diaphyseal femur fractures, which recommended a nonaccidental trauma (NAT) evaluation for all patients below 36 months of age. A recent study of these guidelines found <50% clinical compliance with this treatment recommendation. We aimed to identify areas for improvement in compliance with this guideline.

The effects of temperature on short-term mortality risk in Kuwait: A time-series analysis.

Background: In light of climate change, health risks are expected to be exacerbated by extreme temperatures. Many studies showed that high and low ambient temperatures are associated with increased short-term mortality risk, but little is known about these risks in Kuwait and the Gulf Region.

Objective: To examine the dose-response relationship between 24-h average ambient temperatures and daily mortality risk in Kuwait.

California's Drought of the Future: A Midcentury Recreation of the Exceptional Conditions of 2012-2017.

The California drought of 2012-2016 was a record-breaking event with extensive social, political, and economic repercussions. The impacts were widespread and exposed the difficulty in preparing for the effects of prolonged dry conditions. Although the lessons from this drought drove important changes to state law and policy, there is little doubt that climate change will only exacerbate future droughts.

Factors Associated With Emergency Department Use by Patients With and Without Mental Health Diagnoses.

Importance: An association between frequent use of the emergency department (ED) and mental health diagnoses is frequently documented in the literature, but little has been done to more thoroughly understand why mental illness is associated with increased ED use.

Objective: To determine which factors were associated with higher ED use in the near future among patients with and without mental health diagnoses.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A retrospective case-control study of all patients presenting to the ED in California in 2013 using past ED data to predict future ED use.

Association of Legal Intervention Injuries With Race and Ethnicity Among Patients Treated in Emergency Departments in California.

Importance: Increased public concern regarding police use of force has coincided with a dearth of available data to uncover the magnitude and trends in injuries, particularly across race or ethnicity.

Objective: To examine trends in injury rates, severity, and disparities across black individuals, white individuals, Hispanic individuals, and Asian/Pacific Islander individuals.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, data collected on every hospital visit in California from January 1, 2005, to September 30, 2015, were used to model trends in rates of legal intervention injuries (n = 92 386) per capita and per arrest for men aged 14 to 64 years, by race or ethnicity.

Trends in types of protein in US adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2010.

Objective: To delineate trends in types of protein in US adults from 1999 to 2010, we examined the mean intake of beef, pork, lamb or goat, chicken, turkey, fish, dairy, eggs, legumes, and nuts and seeds (grams per kilogram of body weight) among adults and according to subgroups, including chronic disease status.

Design: Six cycles of the repeated cross-sectional surveys.

Setting: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2010.

Applying Machine Learning Algorithms to Segment High-Cost Patient Populations.

Background: Efforts to improve the value of care for high-cost patients may benefit from care management strategies targeted at clinically distinct subgroups of patients.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of three different machine learning algorithms for identifying subgroups of high-cost patients.

Design: We applied three different clustering algorithms-connectivity-based clustering using agglomerative hierarchical clustering, centroid-based clustering with the k-medoids algorithm, and density-based clustering with the OPTICS algorithm-to a clinical and administrative dataset.

Subgroups of High-Cost Medicare Advantage Patients: an Observational Study.

Background: There is a growing focus on improving the quality and value of health care delivery for high-cost patients. Compared to fee-for-service Medicare, less is known about the clinical composition of high-cost Medicare Advantage populations.

Objective: To describe a high-cost Medicare Advantage population and identify clinically and operationally significant subgroups of patients.

Barriers and facilitators to implementing an urban co-responding police-mental health team.

Background: In an effort to reduce the increasing number of persons with mental illness (PMI) experiencing incarceration, co-responding police-mental health teams are being utilized as a way to divert PMI from the criminal justice system. Co-response teams are typically an inter-agency collaboration between police and mental health professionals, and in some cases include emergency medical personnel. These teams are intended to facilitate emergency response by linking patients to mental health resources rather than the criminal justice system, thus reducing burdens on both the criminal justice systems as well as local healthcare systems.